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Wow, I'm very impressed. I didn't think Johnson had it in him. Maybe the Democrats will save his Speakership from MTG and her sorry ilk.

😂

So far, its a decidedly mixed bag through the first three parts. I have finished part 2 of the review--parts 4-6-- and it will be going up tomorrow. I was very surprised that there were no recreations, which are easy to do for radio. And up to part 6, there is no discussion of JFK leaving Vietnam. My substack is still free so you can read it for nothing. https://substack.com/home/post/p-143648888?source=queue

But, because the time of arrest was faked to be at 1:50, according to the radio traffic, the FBI needed Kantor to give a new alibi time of 2:00.

And Oswald's arrest report says that he was arrested at 1:40 pm. And according to the FBI statement by Applin, considering that the main feature started at 1:20, the arrest began at about 1:30. This was the actual time of arrest, and Kantor's first time, 1:30, gives Ruby an alibi for not being at the Texas Theatre.

Now Dennis, do you have audio from the Fritz interrogations of Oswald? 😄

Great stuff, Dennis. Thanks.

As I said earlier, Seth Kantor changed the time at which he allegedly saw Jack Ruby at Parkland Hospital from 1:30 to 2:00 pm, as the attached file demonstrates.

"Hey, I’m glad you shared it Bill. Your previous explanation was reasonable, but you could have just said that to begin with..." I could have just said that to begin with? Like I have to handle it however you wish? Again... I don't owe you or anyone else anything at all. At the end of the day, when it was all said and done, I was going to send Greg the transcripts because he asked me nicely in a private message. But, I was going to send them to Greg on my own terms, that I was out of town, had them on my laptop and was going to wait until I got back home, where my laptop was. I do not owe Greg an explanation for why three or four days had passed between his asking for the transcripts and my addressing it. I don't owe you an explanation for it, either and that is why I didn't "just say so in the first place". Greg thought I was ignoring him and made a smart ass comment (which he since apologized for in another private message). You just jumped in where you shouldn't have and made an ass of yourself. None of this would have even been an issue if you wouldn't have butted in where you shouldn't have. "Do you believe that all police lineup identifications are of equal credibility, and all that matters is if someone picks out the suspect, regardless of how unsure they are, the fairness of the lineup, pressure from police, and anything else imaginable?" Of course, eyewitnesses can be wrong during police lineups. Only a fool would say otherwise. Positive eyewitness identifications need to be supported by physical evidence. In the case of Oswald's guilt in the murder of J.D. Tippit, the physical evidence is overwhelming. This is a fact. If you want to make the argument that the physical evidence in this case is questionable, then go ahead. Start with the names of those who switched out the shell casings, the revolver, the jacket, etc... But, you won't. "Could Markham have been wrong about the killer placing his hands on the car? Sure..." Bingo! We have a winner.

I agree, Matt Allison. The US, Japan, India, Israel, most European nations have flaws, like any working democracies. They also have free press that point out those flaws, in profusion. But, egads, look at Tehran, Beijing, Moscow, Hamas, Houthis, and Hezbollah. They do not have free press that illuminate anything, but rather service oppression, repression, suppression and atrocities. The Western liberal democracies need to be stout in standing up for traditional liberal values.

I don't know of anyone these days who argues that Oswald was walking FROM Marsalis. Myers put forth a theory that goes something like this... Oswald (trying to get to Marsalis) is walking east on Tenth toward Marsalis. Oswald goes a block and a half or so (from the area of Tenth and Patton) and notices a Dallas County Sheriff's Deputy car near Tenth and Marsalis (the county Sheriff transcripts shows that Unit 109 reported from near Tenth & Marsalis shortly after the report of the shooting by Bowley on the city police radio). Oswald, not knowing if his face has been plastered all over television (he has been on a bus, in a taxi and on foot for over forty minutes now) does not want to walk past the Deputy so he turns around and is now walking west on Tenth in the direction he had just came from. My own little timeline on Myers' theory (with no intention on being specific to the precise second)... Oswald arrives at Tenth & Patton at 1:11, walks the block and a half east on Tenth and, noticing the Deputy car, reverses direction at 1:13. Oswald walks west on Tenth encountering Tippit at 1:15. It makes as much sense as anything else, when trying to explain why Oswald would be walking east to west along Tenth Street.

Hey, I’m glad you shared it Bill. Your previous explanation was reasonable, but you could have just said that to begin with instead of you, of all people, supposedly getting offended by a “smartass comment” by probably the most polite person on this entire forum. Your “reputation” with me is fine. Your logic is not. Do you believe that all police lineup identifications are of equal credibility, and all that matters is if someone picks out the suspect, regardless of how unsure they are, the fairness of the lineup, pressure from police, and anything else imaginable? Cause that’s what it sounds like. It’s a very simple question. Do you believe Markham’s lineup identification is credible or not? I’m amazed I have to spell this out, but the difference between Markham’s lineup ID and her statements about the killer touching the car is 1.) Markham said the killer put his arms on the window from day one; 2) She clarified what she meant in her affidavit in subsequent interviews: hands on the window ledge with arms crossed, and even acted it out; 3) she stated that observation confidently, specifically, and never wavered; and 4) what she described would’ve been clearly visible from her position, and a heck of a lot easier than facial recognition. Her lineup identification on the other hand is about as worthless as it gets. Could Markham have been wrong about the killer placing his hands on the car? Sure, but the probability that she saw what she said she saw is a hell of a lot higher than her lineup “identification” of Oswald. Period.

If I could hear a good explanation of how Oswald came to be walking west from Marsalis prior to encountering Tippit, I would be comfortable with concluding Oswald was the shooter of Tippit. Unless new evidence about the jacket emerged that shows it didn’t fit Oswald or it was somebody else’s. I don’t buy Myers theory that the killer turned around in mid-block and decided to walk west. If it was Oswald walking from the rooming house, he was hauling ass even with the 1:15 shooting time. Somebody walking that fast has a definite destination, they are not “figuring things out”. The Marsalis/Jefferson area is where Oswald was headed toward if he remained on the bus. It’s also logical to say that the killer would have continued on his original direction of travel (west) after killing Tippit. But that lineup was bullshit.

I have no problem with ignoring Markham's testimony, which is completely unrelated to her positive identification of Oswald as the cop-killer during the lineup about five months BEFORE her testimony. On the evening of 11.22.63, she picked Oswald as the man she saw shoot the policeman.

"Bill Brown has provided me with scans of the pages of a transcript of the Al Chapman interview of Jimmy Burt. I see now Bill Brown posted that transcript in full (11 scanned pages) on another forum for anyone interested, here: https://www.jfkassassinationforum.com/index.php/topic,3689.672.html " Wait. What? I shared the transcripts with others in the past? Don't tell this to Tom Gram. It would ruin my seedy reputation with him. @Tom Gram "When Tippit was through talking with the man Tippit would have reached over and rolled that same window back up, as he preferred the window up, before he started to get out of his car on the driver's side. That will account for the window found rolled up after he was killed." Please list the witness who stated that Tippit rolled the window back up after rolling it down to talk to the guy who was walking. Greg, this is what you do. You literally make up scenarios in your head and try to insert them into reality with no evidence backing yourself up, only supposition. Crime scene photos show the passenger door window up and the VENT WINDOW OPENED. Tippit didn't reach over to roll the window down. Burt and Markham were wrong about this. If they're wrong about that (they were), then they could also be wrong about the killer touching the car with his hands.

Why would he roll the window back up? It was a nice, sunny day. Plus, it would better allow him to hear his radio. He did not call in that he was going to be away from his radio and would be at risk of missing a call. In the crime scene photos, the driver’s side window is down. It’s possible that the vent window was open rather than the passenger window to cut down on wind and other noise as he was driving so he could hear the radio. I don’t think he would fool with the window when he stopped to talk to the shooter. He would keep his eyes on the guy and want to keep his hand free in case he needed to use his pistol. He was intent on stopping this guy for some reason (description, previous encounter, walking fast, sudden change in direction) based on the car being parked askew relative to the side of the street as though he had his eyes on the man while he was stopping the car.

"Tippit made an unsuccessful attempt to call the dispatcher at 1:08, right before he stopped his car to question a young man on foot. Domingo Benavides, a key witness, was driving his car when he saw Tippit step out of his police car and reach for his gun as he walked towards the front of the car. When the young man saw Tippit draw, he pulled out his gun from his coat pocket and fired several shots at Tippit. The time of the shooting is estimated at 1:09." Benavides stated that he watched the killer get around the corner and waited "a second or two" (The Warren Report, CBS, 1967) before getting out and going to the patrol car to use the radio. So Benavides is on the radio within 60 seconds after the shots rang out (90 seconds if I'm being generous). Benavides doesn't begin keying the mic of the patrol car radio until after 1:15. For the shooting to have occurred at 1:09 as falsely stated above, it would mean that Benavides is still cowering down inside his truck as people like Helen Markham and Frank Cimino begin to hover around Tippit's body.

"Tippit made an unsuccessful attempt to call the dispatcher at 1:08, right before he stopped his car to question a young man on foot." There is no evidence whatsoever that Tippit attempted to radio the dispatcher at 1:08. There's not much more to add here.

"Burroughs’ story was corroborated by eighteen-year-old Jack Davis, never questioned by the Warren Commission, who remembered at 1:15 seeing Oswald squeeze in right next to him at the mostly deserted theater during the opening credits to the movie..." Except that Davis doesn't say that at all. When one has to twist things around to make your point, then the point becomes completely invalid.

"Burroughs also saw someone who looked a lot like Oswald arrested about four minutes after he was. This Oswald look-alike was taken out through the rear of the theater, rather than the front. Bernard Haire, who ran his business Bernie’s Hobby House two doors away from the theater, thought he had seen Oswald taken away through the rear doors for more than twenty-five years. When he learned that he had seen someone else, he was absolutely stunned." One could make a pretty good argument that Bernard Haire is captured in a photo out in front of the Texas Theater as crowds gathered to get a look at the potential assassin. If true, then Haire would be lying when he said that "all these years, I had always believed Oswald was taken out the back blah blah blah..."

I think it’s best to ignore her testimony as worthless.

"I think it’s more likely that Oswald went straight to the Texas Theater, and was never at the Tippit crime scene. Butch Burroughs, a Texas Theater concessions employee for decades, told author Jim Marrs in 1987 that he sold Oswald popcorn right around 1:15 pm. Author Dale Myers challenged Burroughs, saying that he “told the Warren Commission that he didn’t see Oswald slip into the theater. He also didn’t mention selling popcorn to Oswald.” Myers missed the point. Ticket taker Julia Postal quoted Burroughs as saying “Well, I saw him coming out.”, presumably when Oswald bought the popcorn. Burroughs was never asked by the Warren Commission if he saw Oswald prior to the police hunt." Nonsense. The police asked Burroughs, while the search was going on inside the theater, if he had seen the guy and Burroughs told them that he had not. This would mean that Burroughs is lying a couple of decades later when he says he sold popcorn to the guy.

Bill Brown has provided me with scans of the pages of a transcript of the Al Chapman interview of Jimmy Burt. I see now Bill Brown posted that transcript in full (11 scanned pages) on another forum for anyone interested, here: https://www.jfkassassinationforum.com/index.php/topic,3689.672.html Jimmy Burt on Tippit rolling down the passenger window so the man who killed him could talk to him "... we noticed the policeman pulled up to talk to this guy and well he pulled up and he rushed over to roll his window down." (...) "... a policeman pulled up and he rolled his window down and the guy walked over..." He rolled which window down? "The one on the opposite side." The opposite side from the driver? "Yes. And the guy walked over and put his hand on the window and bent down to where he could talk." He put his hands on the car? "Yes, he did. And bent down in the window so he could talk." I did a little checking on comments on a Quora question to police officers on driving with their windows up or down on patrol cars. I found officers answering who said although it was a matter of personal preference, many officers kept windows cracked or partly open as a rule in order to be able to hear outside, told of crimes solved by what an officer was able to hear, from having the car window cracked open. Some officers were so intent on that that they left windows cracked a little even in rainy weather. But the problem with driving with windows fully down was stinging insects can come in. Reading those comments I wondered if the ability to hear outside the car was why Tippit had the window vent on the passenger side open, as the way he normally drove his patrol car. It intuitively makes better sense to roll down the passenger door window partway if one wants to talk to someone on the passenger side outside the car. It doesn't have to be rolled down all the way, but enough to not have glass obstructing the person's face. I am persuaded on the basis of the combined testimony of Jimmy Burt and of Helen Markham who said she saw the same thing (that the window was rolled down), with no counter testimony, plus the logic of it, that Tippit probably rolled the window down partway, in fact unless there is any reason set forth why not, I will just assume it since it makes so much sense and is what the witnesses said they saw. The notion of the man talking through the vent does not sound right, not very convenient for talking or hearing. When Tippit was through talking with the man Tippit would have reached over and rolled that same window back up, as he preferred the window up, before he started to get out of his car on the driver's side. That will account for the window found rolled up after he was killed. If, on the other hand, Tippit had reached over to open a usually-closed passenger vent to allow the man to talk through the vent (with difficulty for the man to be understood, and Tippit to hear), Tippit would have closed that vent back up when the conversation was through, before Tippit got out of the car on the driver's side, to return the vent to his normal preferred "closed" condition. But the vent was found open (cracked) after Tippit was killed--not because he opened it to speak to the man, but because that was the normal way he was driving the car. It was the front door window that Tippit rolled down at least partway, then rolled back up again, during those words spoken at the passenger door window. Here is a photo of the Tippit patrol car at the crime scene showing the vent on the driver's side also open: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/lee-harvey-oswald--292452569559764005/ . It was not hot temperature at the time Tippit was driving that car at the time of his death. At 1 pm that day the temperature was measured 67 degrees F (Dallas Love Field). The vent on the passenger side was probably open for the same reason the vent on the driver's side was open, either to hear, or possibly for preference in cooling the car or for fresh air, or both or all three, in whatever case the same reason applicable to both vents, removing the assumption that the vent on one side, but not the other, had been cracked, and then left open that way without being closed again, for purposes of a very awkward conversation with struggling to be heard through the vent--against what any of the witnesses said they saw. I believe now the notion of talking through the vent has been a mistake.

Completely unrelated to Herb Sawyer putting out the physical description over the police radio moments after talking to Howard Brennan.

Bill Simpich’s State Secret, Chapter 6 is critical to understanding the Frame-Up of Oswald https://www.maryferrell.org/pages/State_Secret_Chapter6.html An unknown man provided “5 foot 10, 165 pounds” tip at JFK crime scene Fourteen minutes after the shooting, a 12:44 pm radio call in Dallas gave a description of a man with a rifle on the 6th floor of the Texas Book Depository. This radio call was based on the report of an “unknown white man’s” report to police inspector Herbert Sawyer. “Slender white male about 30, five feet ten, 165”.[ 2 ] The dispatcher Murray Jackson relied on this description, providing it again at 12:47, 12:49, 12:55 and 1:08, offering it as “all we have” prior to the shooting of Tippit at 1:09 pm. Ann Egerter and the FBI had used the phony Webster-like description of Oswald as “5 feet ten, 165” repeatedly to describe Oswald since his time in the USSR in 1960. This was no molehunt. This was a manhunt. The specificity of the “5 feet ten, 165” tip cannot be squared with the impossibility of providing a height-and-weight ID of a sixth floor sniper located at a window and only visible from near-waist height. You’re only seeing a portion of his body. There is no way to tell how tall he is, much less how much he weighs. What you would notice would be his clothes – but the witness noticed nothing on that subject. Also, there’s nothing “slender” about any man who is 5 foot 10 and 165. Such a man comes up with a body mass index (or “BMI”) of 23.7 – right in the middle of the American population. “Average” is BMI of between 23 and 26. Oswald, however, was generally referred to as “slender” in his CIA and FBI records. His weight was generally between 126 and 140. J. Edgar Hoover exhausted all leads before concluding that the 5'10"/165 description came from an “unidentified citizen” that approached Sawyer. No one ever convinced the FBI that the alleged witness Howard Brennan provided this tip. For whatever reason, Hoover was not willing to go along with the Warren Commission’s finding that credited Brennan as the tipster. The HSCA took the same approach as Hoover and did not rely on Brennan in any way. The powerful evidence that Brennan was not the “unidentified citizen” can be reviewed in the attached endnote.[ 3 ] Sawyer was asked if he personally received the “5’10”/165” tip, and he said that he did. When Sawyer was asked to describe the tipster, he said, “I don’t remember what he was wearing. I remember that he was a white man and that he wasn’t young and he wasn’t old. He was there. That is the only two things that I can remember about him.”[ 4 ] On another occasion, he said the man was middle-aged. The tip about the five-ten/165 pound man is even more remarkable when you realize that Sawyer reported the witness’ claim that the five-ten/165 pound man was “carrying what looked to be a 30-30, or some type of Winchester rifle”.[ 5 ] When asked if the shooter “was still supposed to be in the building”, Sawyer responded “unknown if he was there in the first place”. The five-ten/165 tip made it from Sawyer to Hoover in minutes. Hoover circulated among his top officers a chronology of what he learned in the first couple of hours after the assassination. At 1:07 pm CST, Shanklin told Hoover that “he had just received word the President was shot with a Winchester rifle”.[ 6 ] Sawyer’s tip was the only news regarding a Winchester. No one to my knowledge ever remarked that the tip largely matched Oswald’s FBI description from 1960 until his arrest in August, 1963, when he was described as five foot nine/140. The absence of important evidence in the record - what Peter Dale Scott refers to as “the negative template” – is often the strongest evidence of all. Something else to think about is that the CIA and the FBI both had computers in 1963. Within a very short period of time, a Soviet defector and Dallas resident such as Lee Harvey Oswald would have leaped right out from the CIA’s Records Integration Division. As we have seen, the “five-ten/165” Oswald description was embedded right in FBI agent John Fain’s May 12, 1960 memo that CIA officer Bill Bright went to great lengths to include in the CIA’s Records Integration Division files. (See Chapter 1) I believe that Sawyer was telling the truth. He was told that a man was carrying a Winchester rifle, and that he was 5 foot 10, 165, about 30, with a slender build. It wouldn’t take long to find out which book depository employee fit that rough description. I don’t believe the unknown witness was telling the truth. The unknown witness was part of an assassination team. He was nondescript: White, not too young, not too old, clothing unknown. I conclude that fifteen minutes after the assassination, Oswald was swept into this case by someone with access to the FBI reports or the CIA HQ description of Oswald as “five feet ten, 165”[ 7 ], and knew how to get it onto the police radio.[ 8 ] Oswald probably played no role in the Tippit shooting After Sawyer called in with the five-ten/165 description, police dispatcher Murray Jackson explained over the radio that Sawyer’s call was about a suspect in the President’s shooting that had been sighted at the Texas School Book Depository. Two officers immediately reported that they were either at the location or en route. For no understandable reason, Dispatcher Jackson then summoned patrolmen J. D. Tippit and R. C. Nelson and mysteriously asked them to “move into Central Oak Cliff area”. This is the neighborhood where Oswald lived. By this time, Oswald was heading for home. Nine minutes later, Dispatcher Jackson informed Tippit at 12:54 that “you will be at large for any emergency that comes in” nearby “Lancaster and 8th” in the Oak Cliff neighborhood – placing him less than a mile from Oswald’s address at 1026 North Beckley and far away from the manhunt in downtown Dallas three miles away! Years later, Jackson made the improbable claim to CBS News that he “realized that, as you said, that we were draining the Oak Cliff area of available police officers, so if there was an emergency, such as an armed robbery or a major accident, to come up, we wouldn’t have anybody there…”[ 9 ] The Warren Commission asked three officers if they could explain Tippit’s movements on November 22. Not only could none of them offer a reasonable explanation, but none of them even knew that the dispatcher ordered Tippit to go to the Oak Cliff neighborhood. The Warren Commission also asked police chief Jesse Curry about Jackson’s strange order to Tippit at 12:45 pm, with special concern because it was mysteriously omitted from the original transcription. As one wag put it, Curry suggested that Tippit had moved out of his assigned district to search for his own murderer. In a multiple hearsay story that is worthy of consideration, Tippit’s father told author Joseph McBride that he learned from Tippit’s widow that an officer told her that Tippit and another officer had been assigned by the police to hunt down Oswald in Oak Cliff. The other officer was involved in an accident and never made it to the scene, but “J.D. made it”.[ 10 ] Tippit’s widow has never made a statement for the record. When you have a witness that has offered limited interviews but no sworn testimony, that’s when a hearsay account may provide the reason why the witness is reluctant to talk. Tippit’s story is backed by none other than Johnny Roselli’s associate John Martino – both of these men admitted their involvement in JFK’s murder. Martino said that Oswald “was to meet his contact at the Texas Theater” in his Oak Cliff neighborhood.[ 11 ] What makes this all even more intriguing is that even by the time of Tippit’s death at about 1:09, Oswald has not yet been identified as an assassination suspect because the shells were not found until 1:12. Even after the rifle was found a little later, no one was able to tie the gun or shells to Oswald until early the next morning after visiting Klein’s Sporting Goods in Chicago, where “Alex Hidell” had mail-ordered the Mannlicher-Carcano found on the sixth floor. Nor was Oswald noticed as missing from the Depository until well into the afternoon. By around 1 pm, Oswald had reached his home in Oak Cliff, changed his clothes, grabbed his revolver, and went back out the door. A police car beeped outside Oswald’s home shortly before he left. The distance from Oswald’s house to theater was about a mile – three minutes if he got a ride, at least fifteen minutes if he was on foot. It was roughly the same calculus if Oswald headed towards the Tippit crime scene. I think it’s more likely that Oswald went straight to the Texas Theater, and was never at the Tippit crime scene. Butch Burroughs, a Texas Theater concessions employee for decades, told author Jim Marrs in 1987 that he sold Oswald popcorn right around 1:15 pm. Author Dale Myers challenged Burroughs, saying that he “told the Warren Commission that he didn’t see Oswald slip into the theater. He also didn’t mention selling popcorn to Oswald.” Myers missed the point. Ticket taker Julia Postal quoted Burroughs as saying “Well, I saw him coming out.”, presumably when Oswald bought the popcorn. Burroughs was never asked by the Warren Commission if he saw Oswald prior to the police hunt. Burroughs didn’t have much to offer the Warren Commission - it would be good to find out how he was prepared before his questioning - although he did hear from the shoe store owner down the street that someone had slipped into the theater without paying. This “someone” may have done it precisely to draw attention to Oswald. Burroughs didn’t know who it was, but believed that anyone who did that had gone straight up the stairs to the balcony because otherwise he would have had the right angle to see who it was. Oswald was arrested on the ground floor. He told the Warren Commission, “I hope I helped you some”, and the response was merely, “Yes, I hope you did too.” Burroughs also told Marrs that Julia Postal knew that she sold Oswald a ticket earlier that day, but didn’t want to admit it. She moved away from Dallas to escape questioning on the subject. When Ms. Postal was asked by researcher Jones Harris if she realized upon seeing Oswald’s face that she might have sold him a ticket, she burst out in tears. Burroughs also saw someone who looked a lot like Oswald arrested about four minutes after he was. This Oswald look-alike was taken out through the rear of the theater, rather than the front. Bernard Haire, who ran his business Bernie’s Hobby House two doors away from the theater, thought he had seen Oswald taken away through the rear doors for more than twenty-five years. When he learned that he had seen someone else, he was absolutely stunned. Burroughs’ story was corroborated by eighteen-year-old Jack Davis, never questioned by the Warren Commission, who remembered at 1:15 seeing Oswald squeeze in right next to him at the mostly deserted theater during the opening credits to the movie, then got up quickly and sat down next to someone else. Researcher Dale Myers states that the opening credits for the 1 pm movie ran at 1:20 pm.[ 12 ] The account from neighboring shoe store owner Johnny Brewer was that someone furtively entered the theater without paying at about 1:30 pm. That may have been when someone else entered, or it may have been Oswald after going outside to look for his contact. When Brewer saw the suspicious man enter the theater, he contacted the ticket-taker, and she called the police. Davis stated that Oswald sat next to him and then another patron before going out to the lobby. According to author Lamar Waldron, Oswald was armed with half a box top saying “Cox’s, Fort Worth”. If Waldron is correct, Oswald was apparently trying to meet someone who had the other box top half.[ 13 ] Manuel Artime did this kind of thing – his practice was to meet AMWORLD officers with torn one dollar bills. Tippit made an unsuccessful attempt to call the dispatcher at 1:08, right before he stopped his car to question a young man on foot. Domingo Benavides, a key witness, was driving his car when he saw Tippit step out of his police car and reach for his gun as he walked towards the front of the car. When the young man saw Tippit draw, he pulled out his gun from his coat pocket and fired several shots at Tippit. The time of the shooting is estimated at 1:09.[ 14 ] Another witness, Jack Tatum, reported that the gunman then stepped forward and administered a coup de grace to Tippit’s head. The Tippit autopsy report reflected a shot to the head from point-blank range. The HSCA believed that a coup de grace indicated that “this action, which is often encountered in gangland murders…is more indicative of an execution than an act of defense intended to allow escape or prevent apprehension.” Oswald was hardly a professional hitman, and this evidence is extraordinarily important. One unknown man described Tippit's shooter as "5 foot 10, 160-170 pounds"