ARRB Interview with NPIC Employee Homer McMahon
Hearing Date July 14, 1997
Interviewed by Douglas P. Horne Chief of Military Records of ARRB
Total Time 1:41:19
Douglas Horne:
D.H.: Okay, it is Monday, July 14th, 1997, my name is Doug Horne. I am with the AARB. I am here with Mr. Homer McMahon, former NPIC employee – National Photo Interpretation Center. And I am also here with Michelle Combs (sp?) of the AARB. And we before we begin I would like to confirm with you on the record, is it okay, do we have your permission to tape this interview?
Homer McMahon: Yes, I am Homer McMahon, I wasn't NPIC, I was with the CIA. That was my cover at the time, and you have my permission. At the time NPIC was a classified topic.
DH. Yes, sir. Okay. Thank you very much. We may be joined later; this is for the record, by Mr. Jeremy Gunn of the Review Board staff and also by a new employee (Marie B.?) who is in the building today also. Could you summarize for us sir, your professional experience and training in photography prior to and up to 1963.
HM: I started in photography in 1938.
D.H.: Okay.
HM: I worked one summer at the FBI lab. I'm not sure of that summer. [Possible Redaction edit] My boss was Dunlap, who later became, left and went into business for himself and I worked for him part time, at different times.
I was in photography when I was in high school when I worked as the photographer on the yearbook committee. I used to work at…for Pop Baker, and that was at the Kodak photo finishing at Georgetown, also a summer school. I was in photography on the GI bill, I went to the National School of Photography and I went to the Washington School of Photography, and I took several extension courses at the US GS Graduate School at the Law Enforcement Institute of Pathology at Walter Reed.
I took several courses up at Rochester in Binghamton, under…..and Binghamton Kodak, at Rochester. Other than that, I never had a degree in photography. In those days it was strictly vocational. There was no, you could get a masters degree up there…MBA, but I never….. or worked on that level,….to make national presentations. I was a member of the Professional Photographers of America.
I went to college on the GI Bill at the end of the Second World War. And then I went to work for the CIA. My mentor Mel Fromm (sp. phonetic) was an old OSS operative during the Second World War. His dad ran the National School of Photography; I spent two years there, and he got me a job interview with the CIA. I went out .....?...Street. That was printing services division,....That was Austin Young (?). I worked there for two or three years. Then I went into business for myself for five years, and then went back for I think ten years….
DH: Went back to the Agency?
HM: Yea, but I didn't go back to the printing service division, I went to the Science Division. When Stewart's Garage closed down, ah,…Kennedy's brother Bob got that built. It was a special building, it was behind the barrier, the barrier walls, it couldn't be penetrated. It was in the Navy Yard and I worked there for I guess close to ten years. And that's when I was chief of the color lab, GS 11 – step 7, was my grade when I worked there.
DH: What. Do you recall what year it was that you returned to the CIA and worked for about ten years, what year it was, more or less?
HM: No, I don't have an accurate recollection.
DH: Okay. It would be, certainly before 1963, it would be in the 50s perhaps?
HM: Oh, yea. Yes.
DH: Okay. When you went back to the CIA for the second time, were you working at the Stewarts Motors building with…?
HM: No. I didn't work in the Stewart Garage; I'm not going to name names of people that I worked with…
DH: Okay.
HM: I could give you Mike…..he's retired, he worked at the Stewarts but he retired, and I talked to him, and he said he could get me an interview, and I was working for Austin Young, ….right there at Kingston, or….King Street, I forget which, - he came over and interviewed me and I transferred. I was LV16, I was under the GPA scale, I was in the Printing Services Division.
DH: Okay. Let me go off the record and introduce you to some people who just arrived.
DH: Okay back on the record. Mr. Jeremy Gunn, Marie (B.?) and Steve Tilley have joined us.
Mr. McMahon do you remember when you became head of the Color Lab?
HM: When I went over I was hired for that position and I transferred from a LV19 to a GS 11 step 7.
DH: Approximately what year was that?
HM: Late 50s.
DH: Okay, late 50s. Were you working at the National Photo Interpretation Center in November, 1963?
HM: Yes.
DH: Okay. We spoke previously on the telephone on June 9, Mr. Dave Montahue and I called you. You mentioned to us during that telephone call that you were involved in analysis and other events with a home movie of the assassination. Can you tell us how you first head about this and who told you to come into work?
HM: Okay. I wasn't an analyst. That was a technical term for someone who did photo interpretation in my branch. I was a photo-technologist. What I did I timed…to my best recollection, I was I worked in the vaulted area behind the barrier with pretty sensitive material. My classification allowed me to work on anything and everything that I had need to know, and I won't tell you what those were…..but….
DH: And I won't ask.
HM: We had…it was…..a world beyond. We had unlimited budget….we had anything we wanted to buy. Unlimited money. It was a palace, it was Lundahl's Palace. I think they said 90% of intelligence came from our operation. And that was, that was what the analysists and photo interpreters did. They knew along with,…I was in the science area, but they also had access and used other information.
But the best I can remember how I came to work on this project. Of course, we all heard of you known that motorcade where Kennedy got killed, and I think we shut up shop and went home early after that. And it was within the next two days a chap was introduced to me, and I was sworn to his secrecy; it had nothing to do with the agency's secrecy. And he was, to the best of my knowledge, he was introduced as Bill Smith,…
DH: Bill Smith, of …what….?
HM: Oh, Secret Service, he was an agent. He had gotten a roll of film directly from the person that had photographed it who called the Secret Service and told them that he thought he had on film he shot with a little Brownie Double 8, and he took it, he took it to Rochester. We had a division up there - I won't get into that, but they processed the film, it was Kodacrome, I think I or II, the daylight version, whichever that is, it was Double 8 and, after he got it processed, they told him there that we were probably the only place that had the equipment that could do what he wanted to, - take every frame on there, of the entire event, and make the best possible quality reproductions.
DH: When you say they told him, who do you mean?
HM: Well. (Ha, ha,)…Well, Eastman Kodak had contracts with the US government, and if you want to know, you can go to the CIA and they will tell you who told him, but he got the film processed, and he brought it to us, and he and three other people timed the film, for through observation you can tell where the gunshots actually caused the hits and slumps. We didn't know anything about any audio, it was just visual, and we timed it, and determined the time - physically timed it with a stop watch, where the gunshots hits hit. And we went from I think maybe two frames before the first hit and then we hit every single frame thru….He only counted three hits, possibly four. I couldn't tell I think, when Connally got hit. It was obvious when he got hit the first time, and then the second time he got hit, going off into an angle up, and…..
DH: Could I break in and ask you a question? When you say he and three others timed the film, does this mean that you people viewed it as a motion picture?
HM: Yes, we were in a briefing room, with a camera and a large screen - you said I could use Ben Hunter's name? I worked with Ben Hunter, Ben Hunter I think he was a GS 7 and he was working with me as a trainee at the time in the color lab, and Bill Smith, ah,….excuse me, there were three of us, including myself (ha, ha), that's it. To the best of my knowledge.
DH: So the total number of people are - yourself, Ben Hunter and Bill Smith?
HM: Yes. That's all that were involved to my knowledge.
DH: How were you first notified to go in? Did this happen during the work day or after hours? Or how did they first notify you?
HM: I haven't the faintest idea, because I've been called in so many times…ah…
DH: For other jobs, right? Do you recall whether you did the job during the day?
Jeremy Gunn: I just want to make sure for the record. When you say you were called in many times, you mean for other jobs?
HM: When the goose laid the egg, we went on 12 to12, 12 hour shifts until we worked out the mission. I don't think that's important. The other work I did had nothing to do with this.
DH: That's what the question was….when you said that statement, were you referring to this particular film or other jobs?
HM: Okay,…I had other clearances, but none of these clearances that were given to me under the CIA or other clearances that I held for other government agencies, this was under strictly a, I was told that none of this was to be divulged to anyone. We had it, we did it, but I didn't know who was going to be briefed…..My guess, we normally briefed the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the National Reconnaissance Committee, and the President of the United States, with the work that I did. I didn't do any of the analysis. I just did the color part that was used in the briefing boards, and the Teleprompters and that kind of work, and it was also distributed under Top Secret classifications to the community.
JG: We were only trying to clarify if you were called in several times, you were only called once for the film of the assassination.
HM: I worked on that one, and I worked on it until it was completed and I think it was probably more than a work day.
HM: When we spoke on June 9th, you indicated that you were called in and you worked basically all night long. Does that refresh your recollection?
HM: Yes, …I don't think it was during my normal….I didn't know what I was being called in for. I didn't have the faintest idea.
HM: Would you allow me to test your recollection on something else? You said it was within two days of the assassination. Is there any particular reason why you associated it with other events within a few days?
HM: I think I was told that to get the film from the individual, to get it processed, and get it back, it was a couple of days. I'm not sure.
DH: Do you recall whether this work that you did was before the funeral or after the funeral of the president?
HM: I'm pretty sure it was before.
DH: Before we get into some details of what you did, how would you best summarize the tasking that your agency received from Mr. Smith? Could you revisit that topic again?
HM: Okay. I don't know how it came through channels to us. I wasn't told that. What I'm reflecting is what I think happened. I know it wasn't under any of the clearances I held, and I know it was being done for analysis and briefing, but I'm not sure who that was for.
DH: Okay. And what is it that he wanted you to do again, one more time?
HM: Okay, what he wanted us to do, after we came to a decision, after we had timed it, was to take a frame by frame presentation of that sequence, and make a…best recollection five by seven interlays and I printed up eight by ten…Ben Hunter and myself, exposed them and processed them. Then we had a period of time we had to wait for the drying of the material, and then we went back and viewed all of the negatives, and we had them marked and identified as to the sequence, and we made three each color contact prints, and again then we went back and processed those and had to wait for the drying. Ah…
DH: So the color prints were the same size then as the inter negative?
HM: I'm pretty sure we contacted the 8 x 10 negatives that were exposed…. And then they were cut apart and identified on the back, and I did not do that, the identification, I don't think I did that, I might have.
JG: It wasn't clear to me about the negatives and the internegatives. You refer to there being five by seven and eight by ten…. I don't know whether they were separate things or were you were referring….
HM: It's called a working…..You take an 8 by 10 negative and print a five by seven on a five by eight, you print a ……then turn it…set up the liquid gate, and make the other one, and then put it in the box. So you finish say the first two and move the frame to the third frame. This was precision equipment to make a one stage enlargement, and my best guess is 40 x, is what we made the little image to.
DH: By that you mean 40 times the original size?
HM: 40 times the half frame super double eight…or whatever it was, we had three different, we had a ten twenty forty….
DH: Is that the enlarging machine?
HM: Yes, that's the enlarging machine. You set it up with – this is a coherent light source enlarger…We set it up with a specific optical lens, and a specific condenser, and a color pack CC filters, so we could expose all three layers of the Kodacrome on these negatives.
DH: You mentioned wet gate a moment ago?
HM: Yea, it's a liquid gate, a liquid gate, it was two parts of a…..okay, we made our own liquid. And what the purpose of the liquid was, - it has a refraction index to eliminate the surfaces of the film which degrade the image, the front and back surface. It was called 10-20-40 fluid, and to my knowledge it was two parts of……(pause)……I don't have….I can't remember the…..
DH: It's alright. Was this applied by hand or full immersion wet gate?
HM: You had ….injection….you had front lens come down…it was precision equipment, with the excessive fluid went out, so it was full gate, almost like a microscope. And if you have air bubbles in it, you have to go back and start again and reinject it and bring it back down.
DH: Alright. May I ask another question before we move along? You mentioned Double 8 film a few times. Do you recall the condition of this movie when you saw it, had it been slit or unslit?
HM: I think it was unslit and I might have said that, and we might have slit it before we used it, but I thought they were told that they didn't want to slit the film, and I don't, I don't think we slit it, I think we used it unslit in a 16 mm projector…
DH: That was going to be my next question, how did you project it?
HM: I think it was unslit. This was the original film. I think they ran dupes of it, but we actually ran the acquisition material of the original film.
DH: Is this something you observed yourself or something that you were told by Mr. Smith? How do you come to the conclusion today that you had the original film?
HM: I think it was a combination of everything you said, along with, ah, the quality of the film. Normally when you dupe it, you loose a lot of resolution and when we made them you could actually….Kodacrome is an additive process. It's black and white film with filers that give you color separation negatives, you use ….dies….flash them and redevelop them selectively onto the original film, and it has a yellow coupler, a magenta coupler, and cyan coupler that give you the three subtractive primary colors that give you the illusion of image and color and there was very little die that changes,…. it was excellent imagery, and I don't know if that still exists or not, but I'm pretty sure that's what I used.
DH: Okay. One more follow up on the first part of the interview, and then we'll move along. How certain are you that Mr. Smith said he went down to pick up the film from the person who took it and then took it to Rochester? Are you...
HM: I know he took it to Rochester, and I'm not certain other than I think he said he got it from the original person himself, but I am not positive. I am positive that he said that he took it to Rochester, and got it processed, and then brought it to us to dupe it. Rochester wasn't set up to do that stuff.
DH: In the sense that you had the big enlarger and they did not?
HM: We had a complete world beyond facility (ha, ha), a multi-billion dollar photo lab, that the Kennedy brothers got built for us in what, three months I think. They moved out of the Stewart right in.
DH: Did the NPIC relocate after the Cuban Missile Crisis? Was it after the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 that you moved?
HM: When was Kennedy's inauguration take place?
DH: January 1961
HM: It was shortly after that.
DH: Do you remember the approximate number of internegatives that you made?
HM: It was before the Cuban Missile Crisis, because I….but I'm not going to talk about that. Now what was that question again?
DH: Do you remember the approximate number of frames on the film that you made internegatives?
HM: The best recollection is 40 (pause), and it might have been 20, between 20 and 40.
DH: And which person in the room decided which, who decided which frames would…?
HM: We all did….
DH: It was a joint thing? ….
HM: Yea, but in hindsight, Smith said afterward that he wished he had done the whole damn role.
DH: When did he say that?
HM: After we were finished (ha ha).
DH: After you viewed it as a motion picture, how did you, did you lay it out on a light table and use a loop, what did you do for further study? I'm trying to ask you to recall the process?
HM: Okay. After it was viewed, and I'm not sure we used a dupe or we used or… acquisition. We might have used a dupe role to project it. I know he had dupes made of it, and yes, we could use loops and we could visually look at that, but when you put it in the type of equipment we had, you can actually physically see it on the vacuum board where the film goes.
DH: That would be superior to the loops viewing?
HM: Yes, and we also used a Tin-x magnifier to grain focus the image, each image, before we exposed it on the inter-negative, so we actually were getting the acquisition, the grain on the acquisition material into sharp focus, because you couldn't see the image so ten times forty is four hundred…
DH: So you were focusing on the actual grain?
HM: Well, it's not actually grain; Kodacrome, the grain is in the negative, and you develop three black and white negatives and then you selectively expose them with the red, green and blue light and develop the complementary, added the primary colors, which are the primary colors, magenta, yellow and cyan couplers, so when these are all developed on the tri pack of film you have, you have a positive die image. The negative had the grain; the positive had a reciprocal die image, which would have been a much finer grain of silver. Okay the chemical reaction is to replace the fine grain silver positive image with die, and then you bleach out the sliver and are left with just the die, so it's not technically grainy, it's perception of what used to be grainy.
DH: Okay. Thank you for that technical explanation. Is this process which you have described, is it proprietary to Kodak?
HM: Yes. They had a proprietary….Well no, at the time they passed a law where they had to relinquish the processing of Kodacrome, and one branch of Kodak went out and opened another company, so it was not proprietary.
DH: Did it, at any time during this work was the motion picture copied as a motion picture?
HM: No. Not in our operation.
DH: So you only made inter negatives and color prints, is that correct?
HM: Yes.
DH: And the size of the prints again?
HM: I'm pretty sure they were five by seven, if they were the ones I made.
DH: After the prints were made, I assume they had to dry. What happened next? Who were they given to?
HM: Ah, now the mounting on the briefing boards and the photo interpretation, so to speak, I was not involved in. And I think I went home (ha, ha). But Smith probably went to another area, it's not even a vaulted area, it's a finishing room upstairs.....
END PART I
Edited by William Kelly, 31 January 2010 - 08:02 PM.












