Charles Willoughby Options

[John Simkin]

Sterling Seagrave will be answering questions on his book, Gold Warriors, here:

http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=9196

There is one name that is very pertinent to this thread, whether acknowledged by participants or not, and that is MacArthur's "Little Fascist," who also was part of the postwar reconstruction of Japan see the book "American Shogun," Willoughby is referenced in the book as being involved in political intrigues involving the Yakuza.....

See below
http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_WILLOUGHBY_CHARLES_A
http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/...amp;relPageId=5
Charles Willoughby
DOD - 10-25-1972
Moved to Naples, FL in 1968
His G-2 Codename was Vor Harden



from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (using Wikipedia Reflection Script)
Major General Charles Willoughby (1892-1972) was a soldier in the U.S. Army.
Willoughby was born Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach in the town of Heidelberg, Germany, the son of Baron T. von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany.
Willoughby served in the Army as an enlisted man for a few years, beginning in 1910. He graduated from Gettysburg College in 1914. He was commissioned in the Army in 1915.

Willoughby was the chief of intelligence on General MacArthur's staff during World War II, the occupation of Japan, and the Korean war. Willoughby became a major general on 12 April 1945.

He was involved in the creation of Field Operations Intelligence, a top secret Army Intelligence unit that later came under joint military and CIA control. Willoughby retired from the army in 1951.

After his retirement, Willoughby travelled to Spain and became an unofficial advisor to the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, whom he described as "the second greatest military commander in the world" (MacArthur being the 'greatest'.) Willoughby had first met Franco in the 1920s, and had admired him ever since.

An avowed racist and fanatical supporter of extreme right wing causes, Willoughby was once described as "my little fascist" by MacArthur. In this vein, Willoughby had once written of Italian dictator Mussolini: "Historical judgement, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremecy of the white race."

In his later years, Willoughby would publish the racist 'Foreign Intelligence Digest' newspaper, and work closely with Texas oil tycoon H.L. Hunt on the International Committee for the Defence of Christian Culture, an extreme right "umbrella" organization that had connections to para-military groups such as the John Birch Society and the Minutemen.

In September 1975, investigative reporter Dick Russell received an anonymous letter that stated, in part:

"... You are now part of the great game of solving the JFK assassination riddle. The danger to those involved is immense, tantamount to playing Russian Roulette... Prior to his death some time ago I spent several days with Tscheppe Weidenbach... an enlightened conversation... you may want to research down to the name which is part of the game we can't make it too easy... "

Enclosed with this anonymous letter was a type-written note, with the letterhead of the King Edward Sheraton Hotel in Toronto, Canada. It read:

"... YOUR CANADIAN COMPUTERS RESEARCHING THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN KENNEDY DEVELOPED LEADS TO A MAN NAMED TSCHEPPE-WEIDENBACH BORN IN 1892 IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY AS HAVING MASTERMINDED THE ASSASSINATION WITH THE APPROVAL. 'THE' MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG IN AMERICAN HISTORY? YOUR GENERAL (EASY RESEARCH MIGHT WELL PROVIDE A LEAD TO THE CLEVER MIND FROM HEIDELBERG... "

In his 2006 epic American Shogun - General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito & The Drama of Modern Japan [Overlook Press 2006] author Robert Harvey provides an incredible detailing on this aspect of Post-War Japan;
In a certain sense Charles Willoughby, has indeed been researched but collectively there has not been the collective attention given to him, in terms of whether he could have been "more than a isolated ideological enemy of President Kennedy."

There has been some additional information that has surfaced regarding Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach aka General Charles Willoughby.

General Willoughby, in addition to his military credentials also authored the book "The Shanghai Conspiracy." The 1952 book, is a controversial [at least at the time] look at Richard Sorge a Soviet spy, who practically singlehandedly saved Russia from at least two nightmarish situations in World War 2. One, he ostensibly provided the Soviet's with advance warning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor with the all important addendum that Soviet Far East installations would not be attacked, and Two, that Hitler's army would invade Russia practically on the day that the invasion took place on June 22, 1941, when Hitler's armies did indeed march across the border into what would become infamous as "The Russian Front." What makes The Shanghai Conspiracy more than a book about the exploits of Richard Sorge, is the fact that Willoughby had submitted a report on the Sorge Spy Ring during World War 2? and more importantly, that after the war ended the Soviet's had a large apparatus of spies and infiltrators in Washington D.C., some according to Willoughby were in prominent positions in the US State Department and elsewhere.

For JFK researchers, among the most interesting dynamics of this episode of Cold War history, is when Mr Harold Isaac's of MIT enters the fracas, over the Shanghai Conspiracy. As per WCD 1080, Mr Harold Isaacs obtained an advance copy of Willoughby's book, and discovered that in the back of the book there was a "chart purporting to diagram the travels of Comintern agents, Communist Party members and sympathisers." Harold Isaacs, who many years earlier was an admitted "Trotskyite" when it wasn't fashionable to do so had discovered that his name and that of his wife were referenced in Shanghai Conspiracy, and Isaac's was contemplating legal action [i.e. libel suit] against Willoughby for the inclusion of his name in the book.


Regarding Dick Russell's "The Man Who Knew Too Much," his research [besides Richard Case Nagell,] into Willoughby and various Canadian aspects [Geisbrecht, Winnipeg Airport, Ferrie] to the assassination, alone makes it a book that anyone who is serious about scholarly study of the assassination, in the category of "don't leave home without it," but....that is just my opinion

Charles Willoughby deserves his own thread:

Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach, the son of Baron von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany, and Emma Willoughby, was born in 1892. After attending the University of Heidelberg, Willoughby moved to the United States in 1910 and became known as Charles Willoughby.

Willoughby joined the United States Army and served with Company K, 5th U.S. Infantry, and eventually reached the rank of sergeant. He was commissioned a major in May 1914 in the Officers Volunteer Corps. During the First World War Willoughby served on the Western Front.

In October 1919 Captain Willoughby was reassigned to the 24th Infantry serving at Columbus, New Mexico. His next assignment took him overseas to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where again he served as both company and battalion commander in the 65th Infantry from February 1921 to May 1923. He now joined the Military Intelligence Division, as served as Military Attaché duties in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador.

In August, 1929, Willoughby started a course at the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After graduating two years later, he stayed on at the school as an instructor, teaching the subjects of Intelligence and Military History. He also edited the Command and General Staff School Quarterly.

In 1936 he was appointed as an instructor in the Infantry School at Fort Benning. Later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He developed extreme right-wing views and once delivered a speech to Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco at a lunch in Madrid. He also praised Benito Mussolini: "Historical judgment, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremacy of the white race."

Willoughby became logistics officer in the Headquarters of the Philippine Department in Manila where he served under General Douglas MacArthur. Promoted to the rank of major general, Willoughby served as General MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence in the General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (1941-1951).

The Japanese Air Force attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on the 7th December 1941. The following day they carried out air strikes on the Philippines and destroyed half of MacArthur's air force. MacArthur was much criticized for this as he had been told to move his airforce after the raid on Hawaii the previous day.

The Japanese Army also invaded the Philippines and they soon held the three air bases in northern Luzon. On 22nd December the 14th Army landed at Lingayen Gulf and quickly gained control of Manila from the inexperienced Filipino troops. Although only 57,000 Japanese soldiers were landed on Luzon it had little difficulty capturing the island.

General Douglas MacArthur now ordered a general retreat to the Bataan peninsula. A series of Japanese assaults forced the US defensive lines back and on 22nd February, 1942, MacArthur was ordered to leave Bataan and go to Australia. General Jonathan Wainright remained behind with 11,000 soldiers and managed to hold out until the beginning of May.

In December 1942 Willoughby was with General Robert Eichelberger in the capture of Buna Village in the Buna-Gona campaign. He was awarded the Army's second highest decoration for gallantry, the Distinguished Service Cross, for "extraordinary heroism in action".

Willoughby accompanied Douglas MacArthur to Tokyo for the occupation of Japan. When attempts to suppress news to the United States ended in failure, he labeled reporters who defied him, as "Communists". A Cold War warrior he was a strong supporter of the activities of Joseph McCarthy. He also lobbied the US Congress to authorize $100 million for General Franco's government in Spain. MacArthur once described the six-foot, three-inch, Willoughby as "my little Fascist".

In 1951 Willoughby went before the House of Un-American Activities and provided information about the Richard Sorge spy network. This included information that claimed that Agnes Smedley was a "communist subversive". In retirement Willoughby was a member of the International Committee for the Defense of Christian Culture. During the 1050s he worked closely with Billy James Hargis, Haroldson L. Hunt, John Rousselot and other right-wing figures. Willoughby was also a board member of Young Americans for Freedom, an organization created by Larrie Schmidt.

Two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy a long-distance telephone operator in Mexico City monitored an international phone call. She heard one of the voices saying: "The Castro plan is being carried out. Bobby is next." The telephone numbers were traced. One number belonged to Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the Latin American Affairs editor of Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest.

In 1968 Willoughby moved with his wife to Naples, Florida. Charles Willoughby died on 25th October, 1972.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwilloughbyC.htm

[Ron Ecker]

Two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy a long-distance telephone operator in Mexico City monitored an international phone call. She heard one of the voices saying: "The Castro plan is being carried out. Bobby is next." The telephone numbers were traced. One number belonged to Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the Latin American Affairs editor of Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest.

I thought that Emilio Nunez Portuondo was worth some quick research, and found the following.

My grandfather, Emilio Nuñez Portuondo, was a well-known politician and diplomat. In the 50s, he became a leading anti-communist at the United Nations, where he headed the Security Council. No supporter of Batista, he nonetheless represented him at the UN. His final political act was to resign the post of prime minister after serving barely 10 days, when Batista expressed his intention to withdraw constitutional guarantees. 'It's the beginning of the end,' he told my mother.

Much to my grandfather's dismay, his eldest son had fallen in love with Myrta Diaz-Balart, a young divorcee, and they were married. Her former husband was Fidel Castro. She remains the only woman El Máximo has ever married. The marriage also produced a son, Fidel Jr, the only one from Castro's unofficial brood of 11 to be deemed 'legitimate'.

http://observer.guardian.co.uk/cuba/story/0,,527857,00.html


From a speech by Castro on 11/20/59:

The cable reads: Washington, Nov. 18--There is evidence that in Cuba a rocket launching base is being established which could destroy Cape Canaveral and even the Pentagon, says Emilio Nunez Portuondo (Boos) in a weekly Latin American publication which is again circulating here. Almost all comment by Nunez Portuondo attacks our government and alleges dangers of communism. I am convinced, he says, that Cuba is becoming as dangerous for U.S. security as any captive country of East Europe. Thus they openly promote a policy of foreign intervention in our country. To justify this, they invent tales such as this ridiculous story.

http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1959/19591119

On the evening of November 17, 1963, Dr. Emilio Nunez Portuondo was a guest speaker at a Cuban rally held in Bayfront Park, Miami, Florida, in honor of Jose Ignacio Rivero now an exile in Miami, and the former owner and publisher of Diario La Marina in Havana, Cuba. The above rally was attended by approximately 6,000 to 8,000 Cubans. The above rally was covered by this Service in an effort to determine whether there would be any adverse reaction pursuant to the pending visit of the President on the following day.

During his speech, Dr. Portuondo bitterly attacked the United States, stating, among other comments, that the blood of the people who have been shot at the "wall" will remain forever as a black mark for this hemisphere and "that the cry of pain of all those who suffered in Cuba will be heard from the mountains of America to the Andes, and will be recorded in history as proof that once America was cowardly".

http://cuban-exile.com/doc_051-075/doc0066.html


From ARRB 13th Batch, Part 2, by Joe Backes:

Document # 124-10103-10219 Is a three page document from SAC, Miami to Director dated 11/29/63. Only two pages are here.

Re my tel to Bureau 10:38 a.m. 11/26/63 re Jose Antonio Carbarga.

Emilio Nunez Portuondo called FBI, Miami, November 27, `63 to call attention to violence in Venezuela and the reported attempt on the lives of various officials there by means of bombs disguised as gifts. On November 29, `63 he noted these additional acts of violence are apparent proof of the statement of Jose Antonio Carbarga that "Castro's plan of violence continues in Venezuela, Peru and all the Americas."

Nunez claimed that Carlos Lechuga, Cuban Ambassador to the United Nations in New York is at the head of all Cuban espionage and subversive activity in the United States. He admitted he had nothing to base this statement, but stated it is common knowledge and the FBI should investigate Lechuga. Nunez noted the Miami Herald for November 29, `63 reports arrest of Jose Antonio Carbarga, Mexico City, for allegedly giving article to Mexico city daily paper, "El Universal" quoting Nunez Portuondo as stating that the assassination of President Kennedy was a Castro plot. Nunez believed arrest of Carbarga due to FBI action. He was assured that FBI had nothing to do with arrest of Carbarga.

http://www.acorn.net/jfkplace/09/fp.back_i...e/arrb_13a.html


From Cuba and the Kennedy Assassination, by John Martino (Sept. 1964):

At a reception in the Brazilian Embassy in Havana in early September, Castro told newsmen that CIA agents had been sent to the island to kill him and Raul. If Kennedy was behind this, he added, the American President should realize that he was not the only politician that could engineer the assassinations of chiefs of state. This story was published in the Miami News on November 24. Meanwhile Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the distinguished former Cuban ambassador to the United Nations and one-time president of its Security Council, informed his friend and associate in Mexico, Dr. Jose Antonio Cabarga, of Castro's threat. El Universal, one of Mexico's leading newspapers, published the story as a front page exclusive. Immediately thereafter, the Mexican police arrested Cargaga for delivering the report to El Universal and beat him up so badly that he is now hospitalized...

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKmartino.htm


From WC testimony of Carlos Bringuier:

Mr. BRINGUIER. Last January I went to Miami, Fla., where I was talking to Dr. Emilio Nunez-Portuondo, former Cuban Ambassador to the United Nations, and he told me that just after the assassination of President Kennedy he received a request from one of the biggest Mexican newspapers asking him for some public declarations of opinion about the assassination. He sent that day a letter with his press release inside, addressed to one friend of him who is living in Mexico City and his friend deliver that press release to the Mexico City newspaper in Mexico. In that release, Mr. Nunez-Portuondo blamed Fidel Castro as the "intellectual murderer of President Kennedy."

Dr. Portuondo told me that the same day that that information appear in the paper, his friend suffer an attempt to be kidnaped. There went about eight men to this man house, and when they were trying to put him inside one automobile, at the same moment pass a reporter---I believe that was from the AP--and when the reporter saw what was going on, he start to ask for help. At that moment the police came and started to question the eight men, and, according to Nunez-Portuondo, they identified themselves as members of the Secret Service of the Mexican Government, and Mr. Portuondo's friend was beaten so hard that he had to go to a hospital for 4 days with a broken leg, just because he was the one who deliver Nunez-Portuondo's statement to the Mexican newspaper blaming Fidel Castro for the murder of President Kennedy.

http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/russ/testimony/bringuier.htm


From A.J. Weberman’s Nodule 23:

On August 5, 1959, the CIA reported: "Although he has been evasive and not completely frank with us, it appears that Werbell does have access to information on Cuban and Dominican activities, and that he is well connected with underworld elements operating in the Miami area." The CIA's summary of Mitch Werbell's activities continued: "(Deleted) Memorandum for the Record dated August 5, 1959: Report from (deleted) that William Morgan is involved in a plot to assassinate Castro. (Subject in telephone conversations with 'Reichhardt'). Reichhardt said that he was out of touch with Emilio Nunez Portuondo. He said he tried to phone Emilio Nunez Portuondo on a number of occasions. Reichhart said he is still holding the letter from Colonel King to Emilio Nunez Portuondo."

EMILIO NUNEZ PORTUONDO AND "THE CASTRO PLAN"

Emilio Nunez Portuondo, a civil servant during the Machado regime in Cuba, was indicted for stealing public funds, then elected to the Cuban Senate. When Carlos Prio Soccarras defeated the brother of Emilio Nunez Portuondo for the Cuban Presidency in 1948, Emilio Nunez Portuondo retired and practiced law. His clients included "Lucky" Luciano. In the early 1950's Fulgencio Batista appointed Emilio Nunez Portuondo Ambassador to the United Nations. When Fidel Castro took power, Emilio Nunez Portuondo came to the U.S. and worked with Carlos Prio Soccarras. In 1959 the FBI described him as the "most active and best known of the anti-Castro leaders in the U.S." Emilio Nunez Portuondo was offered the post-Castro Presidency of Cuba by General Jose Pedraza, if the invasion of Cuba from the Dominican Republic that Pedraza planned was successful. The FBI reported in May 1959: "Masferrer [told the FBI]he has a liaison with Emilio Nunez Portuondo but is not associated with him or his movement or under his direction. Masferrer has never received any money from him." In January 1960 Alexander Rorke told the FBI that he was a close associate of Emilio Nunez Portuondo. In a July 24, 1961, edition of a newspaper published by the brother of Carlos Prio Soccarras, Emilio Nunez Portuondo was named as the future Secretary of State of post-Castro Cuba. Emilio Nunez Portuondo grew embittered with the Kennedy Administration and sent a telegram to President Kennedy in January 1962, a copy of which was obtained by the CIA. [CIA 201-45667] Emilio Nunez Portuondo came to the attention United States Secret Service Agent Arnesto Aragon on November 17, 1963, when he called America cowardly during a speech to 8,000 Cubans gathered at Bayfront Park. Pedro Diaz Lanz spoke at this rally. On November 24, 1963, Emilio Nunez Portuondo gave Jose Antonio Cabarga, a Batista supporter and the former President of the Cuban Maritime Retirement Fund, a press release that linked Fidel Castro to OSWALD. Jose Antonio Cabarga gave the press release to a Mexico City newspaper.

On November 24, 1963, narcotics agent William Durkin was told by an INTERPOL member that a Mexico City international telephone operator monitored a call to Emilio Nunez Portuondo in Miami placed by Jose Antonio Cabarga. Emilio Nunez Portuondo told Jose Antonio Cabarga: "The Castro plan is being carried out. Bobby is next. Soon the atomic bombs will begin to rain and they won't know from where." A 1993 version of the conversation read: "Cabarga told Emilio Nunez Portuondo that with assassination President Kennedy, Castro's plan had been realized (Ya se venia realizando el plan Castro) and that the next one to go would be 'Bob'..." [CIA 93-571] On November 28, 1963, Jose Antonio Cabarga was arrested in Mexico City, at the request of Legal Attache Clark Anderson. When Jose Antonio Cabarga was released, Anderson interviewed him. The FBI deleted 90% of this document. BRINGUIER told the Warren Commission that, as a friend of Emilio Nunez Portuondo, he wished to protest the arrest of Jose Antonio Cabarga. In late November 1963 Portuondo told the FBI he received the phone call. He said although he was bitter at the U.S., the conversation referred to Fidel Castro's plan to kill President Kennedy. Emilio Nunez Portuondo "specifically denied the exact text as set forth in Rebutel and reiterated that Jose Antonio Cabarga was only expressing his opinion and that of many other anti-Castro Cubans...As nearly as Portuondo can recall, Cabarga did state 'This is the plan of Castro and China.' Portuondo was questioned specifically as to whether Cabarga mentioned Robert Kennedy. Nunez Portuondo denied that mention was made." [FBI 62-109060-309] Emilio Nunez Portuondo added that Jose Antonio Cabarga had close contacts at the United States Embassy, Mexico City, and was "a good investigator who could develop information in the event plans to assassinate the President were formulated in Mexico City."

HEMMING expressed familiarity with Emilio Nunez Portuondo: "HUNT knew him. He was at the Freedom Tower meeting in June 1963. Any loyal gusano with a brain would be coming up with shit like that. You think he's being directed to do it? They are not totally stupid people. They don't have to be told what to do. They know how to come up with their little schemes. They know how to throw the thing into Castro's lap. How many times you think they had to do it before they got an operator that would report it and do her duty? They were doing it on purpose. Any loyal anti-Communist Cuban would be doing it. He didn't know shit. We used to say 'Don't telegraph. Tell a Cuban. It goes faster.' Get off of the bullshit. It was disinformation. I'm not interested in how they fooled fucking ajweberman. Damn amateur snookered your ass." The CIA reported: "This call was heard by lots of people. Files? Perhaps worth mentioning at staff meeting - to show how insecure international phone calls are. Action Copy to PHILLIPS November 25, 1963."

http://ajweberman.com/nodules2/nodulec23.htm

This post has been edited by Ron Ecker: Jan 25 2007, 09:35 PM

[James Richards]

Just adding a bit here:

In the early 1950's, Willoughby wrote an article which was published in Cosmopolitan Magazine where he blamed the firing of MacArthur to "biased, prejudiced and inaccurate" coverage of the Korean War.

Willoughby accused six newspapermen of giving "aid and comfort to the enemy."

The men he named were Joseph Alsop, Hanson Baldwin, Homer Bigart, Hal Boyle, Drew Pearson and Christopher Rand.

FWIW.

Willoughby below.

James

[Charles Black]

Just as a conjecture, had Hitler won the war, this fascist may have played a prominent role in our new ARYAN government!

Charlie Black

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Sterling Seagrave will be answering questions on his book, Gold Warriors, here:

http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=9196

There is one name that is very pertinent to this thread, whether acknowledged by participants or not, and that is MacArthur's "Little Fascist," who also was part of the postwar reconstruction of Japan see the book "American Shogun," Willoughby is referenced in the book as being involved in political intrigues involving the Yakuza.....

See below
http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_WILLOUGHBY_CHARLES_A
http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/...amp;relPageId=5
Charles Willoughby
DOD - 10-25-1972
Moved to Naples, FL in 1968
His G-2 Codename was Vor Harden



from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (using Wikipedia Reflection Script)
Major General Charles Willoughby (1892-1972) was a soldier in the U.S. Army.
Willoughby was born Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach in the town of Heidelberg, Germany, the son of Baron T. von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany.
Willoughby served in the Army as an enlisted man for a few years, beginning in 1910. He graduated from Gettysburg College in 1914. He was commissioned in the Army in 1915.

Willoughby was the chief of intelligence on General MacArthur's staff during World War II, the occupation of Japan, and the Korean war. Willoughby became a major general on 12 April 1945.

He was involved in the creation of Field Operations Intelligence, a top secret Army Intelligence unit that later came under joint military and CIA control. Willoughby retired from the army in 1951.

After his retirement, Willoughby travelled to Spain and became an unofficial advisor to the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, whom he described as "the second greatest military commander in the world" (MacArthur being the 'greatest'.) Willoughby had first met Franco in the 1920s, and had admired him ever since.

An avowed racist and fanatical supporter of extreme right wing causes, Willoughby was once described as "my little fascist" by MacArthur. In this vein, Willoughby had once written of Italian dictator Mussolini: "Historical judgement, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremecy of the white race."

In his later years, Willoughby would publish the racist 'Foreign Intelligence Digest' newspaper, and work closely with Texas oil tycoon H.L. Hunt on the International Committee for the Defence of Christian Culture, an extreme right "umbrella" organization that had connections to para-military groups such as the John Birch Society and the Minutemen.

In September 1975, investigative reporter Dick Russell received an anonymous letter that stated, in part:

"... You are now part of the great game of solving the JFK assassination riddle. The danger to those involved is immense, tantamount to playing Russian Roulette... Prior to his death some time ago I spent several days with Tscheppe Weidenbach... an enlightened conversation... you may want to research down to the name which is part of the game we can't make it too easy... "

Enclosed with this anonymous letter was a type-written note, with the letterhead of the King Edward Sheraton Hotel in Toronto, Canada. It read:

"... YOUR CANADIAN COMPUTERS RESEARCHING THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN KENNEDY DEVELOPED LEADS TO A MAN NAMED TSCHEPPE-WEIDENBACH BORN IN 1892 IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY AS HAVING MASTERMINDED THE ASSASSINATION WITH THE APPROVAL. 'THE' MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG IN AMERICAN HISTORY? YOUR GENERAL (EASY RESEARCH MIGHT WELL PROVIDE A LEAD TO THE CLEVER MIND FROM HEIDELBERG... "

In his 2006 epic American Shogun - General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito & The Drama of Modern Japan [Overlook Press 2006] author Robert Harvey provides an incredible detailing on this aspect of Post-War Japan;
In a certain sense Charles Willoughby, has indeed been researched but collectively there has not been the collective attention given to him, in terms of whether he could have been "more than a isolated ideological enemy of President Kennedy."

There has been some additional information that has surfaced regarding Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach aka General Charles Willoughby.

General Willoughby, in addition to his military credentials also authored the book "The Shanghai Conspiracy." The 1952 book, is a controversial [at least at the time] look at Richard Sorge a Soviet spy, who practically singlehandedly saved Russia from at least two nightmarish situations in World War 2. One, he ostensibly provided the Soviet's with advance warning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor with the all important addendum that Soviet Far East installations would not be attacked, and Two, that Hitler's army would invade Russia practically on the day that the invasion took place on June 22, 1941, when Hitler's armies did indeed march across the border into what would become infamous as "The Russian Front." What makes The Shanghai Conspiracy more than a book about the exploits of Richard Sorge, is the fact that Willoughby had submitted a report on the Sorge Spy Ring during World War 2? and more importantly, that after the war ended the Soviet's had a large apparatus of spies and infiltrators in Washington D.C., some according to Willoughby were in prominent positions in the US State Department and elsewhere.

For JFK researchers, among the most interesting dynamics of this episode of Cold War history, is when Mr Harold Isaac's of MIT enters the fracas, over the Shanghai Conspiracy. As per WCD 1080, Mr Harold Isaacs obtained an advance copy of Willoughby's book, and discovered that in the back of the book there was a "chart purporting to diagram the travels of Comintern agents, Communist Party members and sympathisers." Harold Isaacs, who many years earlier was an admitted "Trotskyite" when it wasn't fashionable to do so had discovered that his name and that of his wife were referenced in Shanghai Conspiracy, and Isaac's was contemplating legal action [i.e. libel suit] against Willoughby for the inclusion of his name in the book.


Regarding Dick Russell's "The Man Who Knew Too Much," his research [besides Richard Case Nagell,] into Willoughby and various Canadian aspects [Geisbrecht, Winnipeg Airport, Ferrie] to the assassination, alone makes it a book that anyone who is serious about scholarly study of the assassination, in the category of "don't leave home without it," but....that is just my opinion

Charles Willoughby deserves his own thread:

Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach, the son of Baron von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany, and Emma Willoughby, was born in 1892. After attending the University of Heidelberg, Willoughby moved to the United States in 1910 and became known as Charles Willoughby.

Willoughby joined the United States Army and served with Company K, 5th U.S. Infantry, and eventually reached the rank of sergeant. He was commissioned a major in May 1914 in the Officers Volunteer Corps. During the First World War Willoughby served on the Western Front.

In October 1919 Captain Willoughby was reassigned to the 24th Infantry serving at Columbus, New Mexico. His next assignment took him overseas to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where again he served as both company and battalion commander in the 65th Infantry from February 1921 to May 1923. He now joined the Military Intelligence Division, as served as Military Attaché duties in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador.

In August, 1929, Willoughby started a course at the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After graduating two years later, he stayed on at the school as an instructor, teaching the subjects of Intelligence and Military History. He also edited the Command and General Staff School Quarterly.

In 1936 he was appointed as an instructor in the Infantry School at Fort Benning. Later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He developed extreme right-wing views and once delivered a speech to Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco at a lunch in Madrid. He also praised Benito Mussolini: "Historical judgment, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremacy of the white race."

Willoughby became logistics officer in the Headquarters of the Philippine Department in Manila where he served under General Douglas MacArthur. Promoted to the rank of major general, Willoughby served as General MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence in the General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (1941-1951).

The Japanese Air Force attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on the 7th December 1941. The following day they carried out air strikes on the Philippines and destroyed half of MacArthur's air force. MacArthur was much criticized for this as he had been told to move his airforce after the raid on Hawaii the previous day.

The Japanese Army also invaded the Philippines and they soon held the three air bases in northern Luzon. On 22nd December the 14th Army landed at Lingayen Gulf and quickly gained control of Manila from the inexperienced Filipino troops. Although only 57,000 Japanese soldiers were landed on Luzon it had little difficulty capturing the island.

General Douglas MacArthur now ordered a general retreat to the Bataan peninsula. A series of Japanese assaults forced the US defensive lines back and on 22nd February, 1942, MacArthur was ordered to leave Bataan and go to Australia. General Jonathan Wainright remained behind with 11,000 soldiers and managed to hold out until the beginning of May.

In December 1942 Willoughby was with General Robert Eichelberger in the capture of Buna Village in the Buna-Gona campaign. He was awarded the Army's second highest decoration for gallantry, the Distinguished Service Cross, for "extraordinary heroism in action".

Willoughby accompanied Douglas MacArthur to Tokyo for the occupation of Japan. When attempts to suppress news to the United States ended in failure, he labeled reporters who defied him, as "Communists". A Cold War warrior he was a strong supporter of the activities of Joseph McCarthy. He also lobbied the US Congress to authorize $100 million for General Franco's government in Spain. MacArthur once described the six-foot, three-inch, Willoughby as "my little Fascist".

In 1951 Willoughby went before the House of Un-American Activities and provided information about the Richard Sorge spy network. This included information that claimed that Agnes Smedley was a "communist subversive". In retirement Willoughby was a member of the International Committee for the Defense of Christian Culture. During the 1050s he worked closely with Billy James Hargis, Haroldson L. Hunt, John Rousselot and other right-wing figures. Willoughby was also a board member of Young Americans for Freedom, an organization created by Larrie Schmidt.

Two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy a long-distance telephone operator in Mexico City monitored an international phone call. She heard one of the voices saying: "The Castro plan is being carried out. Bobby is next." The telephone numbers were traced. One number belonged to Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the Latin American Affairs editor of Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest.

In 1968 Willoughby moved with his wife to Naples, Florida. Charles Willoughby died on 25th October, 1972.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwilloughbyC.htm

John;

Since it would appear that you (and others here) have turned over so many rocks that you now have "snakes" crawling all over and thus do not know which snake to chase, then perhaps I might recommend sticking closely to the "Willoughby/Robert E. Wood" variety.

Among other connections is that Wood was a formerly a "Supply" Officer.
This is how he managed to retire early as a Major, due to his innovative means of acquiring materials needed for work on the Panama Canal.
Thereafter, Wood re-activated during WWII and was a Logistics/Supply Advisor throughout the Pacific and European theaters of War.
Wood made multiple trips througout these areas to advise on the correction of various supply problems, and thus came into contact with Hap Arnold who was in charge of the Pawley/Chennault Flying Tigers as well as those US Army Air Corp transports which began to fly the "Hump" in order to maintain supply capability.

If you will check the "Common Ground" posting, then you will no doubt find much of what you need to know in regards to Robert E. Wood/Willoughby/& Eichelberger connection.

However, and again:

Personal Correspondence of General Robert E. Wood:

Willoughby, Charles A. 1944

Eichelberger, R.I. 1947

http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.ph...94417entry94417


QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 16 2007, 04:56 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 16 2007, 05:04 AM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 11:27 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 10:38 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 02:28 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 06:20 AM)
To date, only one person with the "common" ground has been found.

Prior to listing the name, which will ultimately become obvious, it would be perhaps best to
list some of this common ground.

The listing represents the exact item/person/etc; which was found within the person's possessions.
Some discussions will follow each item as listed.

Correspondence Series
---------------------------


1. William Douglas Pawley 1954

William Douglas Pawley should require no introduction to anyone who has followed the political and economic history of Cuba; Haiti; South America; China; India; and so on.
And specifically the association of Pawley to various anti-Castro elements in which Gerry Hemming played some roles.

However, for the sake of those who have only recently come aboard, a few new developments which were made known only on this forum may be in order.

a. The John Birch Society is named after a reported missionary who served in China at the time that William D. Pawley and the Flying Tigers/Claire Chennault were operational.
Birch was in fact working for OSS elements and was captured and executed.
William D. Pawley's wife, Annie Hahr Dobbs, was a direct line cousin to John Birch.

b. The William D. Pawley family initially gained their wealth through operation of a "Commissary" type store just outside the Guantanamo, Cuba Naval Base, and thereafter moving this operation to Haiti after the US Marine Corps occupied Haiti.
At the time when the Pawley family was operating in Haiti, many of those with whom they had to deal with came from the Mississippi & Louisiana costal area.
This, once understood, is explainable in that the US Minister (Ambassador) to Haiti at the time was from New Orleans, LA.
Thus, the Pawley family operation would have been directly involved with someone from the New Orleans, La area in the early 1900's when their business was in full force in Haiti.

c. 1954 is of course the point in time during which William D. Pawley became engaged in the Guatemala episode of/for United Fruit.

d. As posted under the Pawley topic heading, William D. Pawley was heavily involved with Convair, therefore one may as well post here (repeat) that Robert Oswald was employed by Convair at the time that LHO decided to leave for the Soviet Union.



2. Samuel Zemurray 1939-45

Samuel Zemurray of New Orleans, LA is of course the "force" behind the United Fruit Company.
Those who may not have taken the time to read up on Zemurray and his wealth; power; and position within New Orleans and the extension of this power through the United Fruit Company to Cuba; Guatemala; and other South and Central American countries, should do so in order to attemp to gain some understanding of exactly who and what United Fruit represented throughout Latin America.

That 6-years of correspondence existed, demonstrates the extremely close connections to United Fruit as well as to New Orleans, LA and the wealth and power which eminated from this city.

3. Fidel Castro 1959

Not much to say here with the exception to remind that Fidel Castro was in fact the son of a relatively wealthy (by Cuban standards) United Fruit Company foreman/supervisor.

4. Claire L. Chennault 1945

Most of the Chennault ties have been previously posted on this forum. They include the direct association of Claire Chennault with William D. Pawley and the Flying Tigers; Chennault's family background association to Louisiana; as well as the Shinley work which revealed that Chennault was among those who was to be contacted in an attempt to obtain aircraft for the 1954 Guatemala episode in which Pawley was heavily engaged.



5. Averill Harriman 1938

6. H. L. Hunt 1951-60
H. L. Hunt 1951 Proposal to start a FACTS FORUM




7. Joseph P. Kennedy 1939-41

8. John F. Kennedy 1957




9. Robert Welch 1958-66

10. Edwin Walker 1961-63

11. Dan Smoot 1955-61

12. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph R. McCarthy 1950-55 1956-57*
*A strong supporter of Joseph McCarthy during the 1950's.

13. Harry A. Jung 1946-52

http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/1920sp4.html

Another group from the 1920s that underwent the transformation from a nativist group to fascism was Harry Jung's American Vigilant Intelligence Federation.67

http://www.ctka.net/pr399-fdr.html

These groups also acted as intelligence networks. They infiltrated unions, leftwing groups, and universities, and they sold their information to industry. One example of such an intelligence agency was the American Vigilant Intelligence Federation, headquartered in Chicago and operated by Harry Jung.24 Jung later relocated to New Orleans where he was an associate of Guy Bannister, who also hailed from Chicago.* (Note: The source of this claim that Jung was in New Orleans is unknown and unverified)


14. John T. Flynn 1941-55

http://www.thenewamerican.com/tna/2000/01-...6no03_flynn.htm

Flynn and several other "noninterventionists," a term they always preferred to "isolationists," gathered in mid-1938 to form the Keep America Out of War Committee (KAOWC) with Flynn as its national chairman

In August 1940, Flynn and retired Army General Robert Wood, the head of Sears, Roebuck and Company, gathered with several others to form the non-interventionist America First Committee (AFC). Differing markedly from KAOWC’s intellectual approach and its distance from the people, AFC was to be a mass movement formed to unite large numbers of citizens around the issue of keeping the nation out of war. Almost immediately, chapters were established all over America. In time, AFC grew to include 800,000 members.

15. Truman Smith 1939-45 1946-53 1954-57

http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/...ellows_TAA.html

http://www.hooverpress.org/productdetails.cfm?PC=595

16. Charles A. Lindbergh 1940/1941/1942-44/1945-49/1950-54/1960-63

17. Robert R. McCormick 1933-42/1943-44/1945-50/1951-52/1953-54

Politically McCormick was a leading Progressive during the Progressive Era, but he turned against the New Deal and as a conservative was an America First isolationist who strongly opposed entering World War II to rescue the the British Empire



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._McCormick




18. Burton K. Wheeler 1940-44/1945-46/1947-58

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler

He then served as a United States Attorney where he most famously refused to hand down a single sedition indictment during World War I

He broke with the Democratic Party in 1924 to run for vice-president of the United States on the Progressive Party ticket led by Robert La Follette, Sr.

As tensions mounted in Europe, an aging Wheeler became known for his isolationist beliefs. After the beginning of World War II in Europe, he continued to oppose any aid to Britain or any other countries involved in the war. He became a supporter of the America First Committee.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAwheelerB.htm

19. Robert M. LaFoltette, Jr. 1933-51

20. Philip F. LaFolettte 1933-45

21. Mrs. Philip F. LaFollette 1944-45

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_La_Follette%2C_Sr.

In World War I, however, he broke with most of his academic friends on the war issue. He built a new base of support among anti-war German Americans.

. Theodore Roosevelt called him a "skunk who should be hanged" when he opposed the arming of American merchant ships; one of his colleagues in the Senate said he was "a better German than the head of the German parliament" when he opposed the Wilson Administration's request for a declaration of war in 1917.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlafollette.htm

22. Harry F. Byrd 1950

23. Sidney J. Weinberg 1933-42/1943-59

http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our_firm/our_...0928163235.html




24. Charles A. Willoughby 1944

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Courtney

On April 15, 1961, Courtney formed the "Conservative Society of America" in Chicago, with himself as the national chairman
June 1962, Courtney announced his CSA had 1,500 members representing 47 states. Among CSA endorsers on CSA letterhead were the following: Bryton Barron, Medford Evans, Dan Hanson, George J. Hess, J. Bracken Lee, Harold Poeschel, Frank Ranuzzi, E. Merrill Root, and Major General Charles Willoughby

Courtney, a member of the John Birch Society, endorsed the views expressed by Robert Welch

25. J. Bracken Lee 1961

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name: FREE MEN SPEAK, INC.

Type Entity: Business Corporation

Status: Not Active (Action by Secretary of State)

2007 Annual Report/Reinstatement form is required in order to reinstate Print Annual Report/Reinstatement Form For Filing

Mailing Address: NO STREET ADDRESS LISTED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70150

Domicile Address: NO STREET ADDRESS LISTED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70150

File Date: 01/11/1955

Registered Agent (Appointed 1/11/1955): KENT HARBINSON COURTNEY, 7314 ZIMPEL ST, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118

Registered Agent (Appointed 1/11/1955): PHOEBE GREENE, 7314 ZIMPEL ST, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One should also note that Kent Courney: "For a time, he was a public relations spokesman for a fruit shipping company"


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

As an ole redneck country boy, we at an early age learned to distinguish which "snakes" were poisonious and which were merely just another snake.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Again, for whatever reason, the above did not go to the head of the class, just as it did not accept the attachement.

This post has been edited by Thomas H. Purvis: Feb 18 2007, 04:11 PM

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Sterling Seagrave will be answering questions on his book, Gold Warriors, here:

http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=9196

There is one name that is very pertinent to this thread, whether acknowledged by participants or not, and that is MacArthur's "Little Fascist," who also was part of the postwar reconstruction of Japan see the book "American Shogun," Willoughby is referenced in the book as being involved in political intrigues involving the Yakuza.....

See below
http://www.namebase.org/cgi-bin/nb06?_WILLOUGHBY_CHARLES_A
http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/...amp;relPageId=5
Charles Willoughby
DOD - 10-25-1972
Moved to Naples, FL in 1968
His G-2 Codename was Vor Harden



from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (using Wikipedia Reflection Script)
Major General Charles Willoughby (1892-1972) was a soldier in the U.S. Army.
Willoughby was born Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach in the town of Heidelberg, Germany, the son of Baron T. von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany.
Willoughby served in the Army as an enlisted man for a few years, beginning in 1910. He graduated from Gettysburg College in 1914. He was commissioned in the Army in 1915.

Willoughby was the chief of intelligence on General MacArthur's staff during World War II, the occupation of Japan, and the Korean war. Willoughby became a major general on 12 April 1945.

He was involved in the creation of Field Operations Intelligence, a top secret Army Intelligence unit that later came under joint military and CIA control. Willoughby retired from the army in 1951.

After his retirement, Willoughby travelled to Spain and became an unofficial advisor to the Spanish dictator, Francisco Franco, whom he described as "the second greatest military commander in the world" (MacArthur being the 'greatest'.) Willoughby had first met Franco in the 1920s, and had admired him ever since.

An avowed racist and fanatical supporter of extreme right wing causes, Willoughby was once described as "my little fascist" by MacArthur. In this vein, Willoughby had once written of Italian dictator Mussolini: "Historical judgement, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremecy of the white race."

In his later years, Willoughby would publish the racist 'Foreign Intelligence Digest' newspaper, and work closely with Texas oil tycoon H.L. Hunt on the International Committee for the Defence of Christian Culture, an extreme right "umbrella" organization that had connections to para-military groups such as the John Birch Society and the Minutemen.

In September 1975, investigative reporter Dick Russell received an anonymous letter that stated, in part:

"... You are now part of the great game of solving the JFK assassination riddle. The danger to those involved is immense, tantamount to playing Russian Roulette... Prior to his death some time ago I spent several days with Tscheppe Weidenbach... an enlightened conversation... you may want to research down to the name which is part of the game we can't make it too easy... "

Enclosed with this anonymous letter was a type-written note, with the letterhead of the King Edward Sheraton Hotel in Toronto, Canada. It read:

"... YOUR CANADIAN COMPUTERS RESEARCHING THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN KENNEDY DEVELOPED LEADS TO A MAN NAMED TSCHEPPE-WEIDENBACH BORN IN 1892 IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY AS HAVING MASTERMINDED THE ASSASSINATION WITH THE APPROVAL. 'THE' MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG IN AMERICAN HISTORY? YOUR GENERAL (EASY RESEARCH MIGHT WELL PROVIDE A LEAD TO THE CLEVER MIND FROM HEIDELBERG... "

In his 2006 epic American Shogun - General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito & The Drama of Modern Japan [Overlook Press 2006] author Robert Harvey provides an incredible detailing on this aspect of Post-War Japan;
In a certain sense Charles Willoughby, has indeed been researched but collectively there has not been the collective attention given to him, in terms of whether he could have been "more than a isolated ideological enemy of President Kennedy."

There has been some additional information that has surfaced regarding Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach aka General Charles Willoughby.

General Willoughby, in addition to his military credentials also authored the book "The Shanghai Conspiracy." The 1952 book, is a controversial [at least at the time] look at Richard Sorge a Soviet spy, who practically singlehandedly saved Russia from at least two nightmarish situations in World War 2. One, he ostensibly provided the Soviet's with advance warning of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor with the all important addendum that Soviet Far East installations would not be attacked, and Two, that Hitler's army would invade Russia practically on the day that the invasion took place on June 22, 1941, when Hitler's armies did indeed march across the border into what would become infamous as "The Russian Front." What makes The Shanghai Conspiracy more than a book about the exploits of Richard Sorge, is the fact that Willoughby had submitted a report on the Sorge Spy Ring during World War 2? and more importantly, that after the war ended the Soviet's had a large apparatus of spies and infiltrators in Washington D.C., some according to Willoughby were in prominent positions in the US State Department and elsewhere.

For JFK researchers, among the most interesting dynamics of this episode of Cold War history, is when Mr Harold Isaac's of MIT enters the fracas, over the Shanghai Conspiracy. As per WCD 1080, Mr Harold Isaacs obtained an advance copy of Willoughby's book, and discovered that in the back of the book there was a "chart purporting to diagram the travels of Comintern agents, Communist Party members and sympathisers." Harold Isaacs, who many years earlier was an admitted "Trotskyite" when it wasn't fashionable to do so had discovered that his name and that of his wife were referenced in Shanghai Conspiracy, and Isaac's was contemplating legal action [i.e. libel suit] against Willoughby for the inclusion of his name in the book.


Regarding Dick Russell's "The Man Who Knew Too Much," his research [besides Richard Case Nagell,] into Willoughby and various Canadian aspects [Geisbrecht, Winnipeg Airport, Ferrie] to the assassination, alone makes it a book that anyone who is serious about scholarly study of the assassination, in the category of "don't leave home without it," but....that is just my opinion

Charles Willoughby deserves his own thread:

Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach, the son of Baron von Tscheppe-Weidenbach from Baden, Germany, and Emma Willoughby, was born in 1892. After attending the University of Heidelberg, Willoughby moved to the United States in 1910 and became known as Charles Willoughby.

Willoughby joined the United States Army and served with Company K, 5th U.S. Infantry, and eventually reached the rank of sergeant. He was commissioned a major in May 1914 in the Officers Volunteer Corps. During the First World War Willoughby served on the Western Front.

In October 1919 Captain Willoughby was reassigned to the 24th Infantry serving at Columbus, New Mexico. His next assignment took him overseas to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where again he served as both company and battalion commander in the 65th Infantry from February 1921 to May 1923. He now joined the Military Intelligence Division, as served as Military Attaché duties in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador.

In August, 1929, Willoughby started a course at the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After graduating two years later, he stayed on at the school as an instructor, teaching the subjects of Intelligence and Military History. He also edited the Command and General Staff School Quarterly.

In 1936 he was appointed as an instructor in the Infantry School at Fort Benning. Later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He developed extreme right-wing views and once delivered a speech to Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco at a lunch in Madrid. He also praised Benito Mussolini: "Historical judgment, freed from the emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremacy of the white race."

Willoughby became logistics officer in the Headquarters of the Philippine Department in Manila where he served under General Douglas MacArthur. Promoted to the rank of major general, Willoughby served as General MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence in the General Headquarters, Southwest Pacific Area (1941-1951).

The Japanese Air Force attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on the 7th December 1941. The following day they carried out air strikes on the Philippines and destroyed half of MacArthur's air force. MacArthur was much criticized for this as he had been told to move his airforce after the raid on Hawaii the previous day.

The Japanese Army also invaded the Philippines and they soon held the three air bases in northern Luzon. On 22nd December the 14th Army landed at Lingayen Gulf and quickly gained control of Manila from the inexperienced Filipino troops. Although only 57,000 Japanese soldiers were landed on Luzon it had little difficulty capturing the island.

General Douglas MacArthur now ordered a general retreat to the Bataan peninsula. A series of Japanese assaults forced the US defensive lines back and on 22nd February, 1942, MacArthur was ordered to leave Bataan and go to Australia. General Jonathan Wainright remained behind with 11,000 soldiers and managed to hold out until the beginning of May.

In December 1942 Willoughby was with General Robert Eichelberger in the capture of Buna Village in the Buna-Gona campaign. He was awarded the Army's second highest decoration for gallantry, the Distinguished Service Cross, for "extraordinary heroism in action".

Willoughby accompanied Douglas MacArthur to Tokyo for the occupation of Japan. When attempts to suppress news to the United States ended in failure, he labeled reporters who defied him, as "Communists". A Cold War warrior he was a strong supporter of the activities of Joseph McCarthy. He also lobbied the US Congress to authorize $100 million for General Franco's government in Spain. MacArthur once described the six-foot, three-inch, Willoughby as "my little Fascist".

In 1951 Willoughby went before the House of Un-American Activities and provided information about the Richard Sorge spy network. This included information that claimed that Agnes Smedley was a "communist subversive". In retirement Willoughby was a member of the International Committee for the Defense of Christian Culture. During the 1050s he worked closely with Billy James Hargis, Haroldson L. Hunt, John Rousselot and other right-wing figures. Willoughby was also a board member of Young Americans for Freedom, an organization created by Larrie Schmidt.

Two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy a long-distance telephone operator in Mexico City monitored an international phone call. She heard one of the voices saying: "The Castro plan is being carried out. Bobby is next." The telephone numbers were traced. One number belonged to Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the Latin American Affairs editor of Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest.

In 1968 Willoughby moved with his wife to Naples, Florida. Charles Willoughby died on 25th October, 1972.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwilloughbyC.htm

John;

Since it would appear that you (and others here) have turned over so many rocks that you now have "snakes" crawling all over and thus do not know which snake to chase, then perhaps I might recommend sticking closely to the "Willoughby/Robert E. Wood" variety.

Among other connections is that Wood was a formerly a "Supply" Officer.
This is how he managed to retire early as a Major, due to his innovative means of acquiring materials needed for work on the Panama Canal.
Thereafter, Wood re-activated during WWII and was a Logistics/Supply Advisor throughout the Pacific and European theaters of War.
Wood made multiple trips througout these areas to advise on the correction of various supply problems, and thus came into contact with Hap Arnold who was in charge of the Pawley/Chennault Flying Tigers as well as those US Army Air Corp transports which began to fly the "Hump" in order to maintain supply capability.

If you will check the "Common Ground" posting, then you will no doubt find much of what you need to know in regards to Robert E. Wood/Willoughby/& Eichelberger connection.

However, and again:

Personal Correspondence of General Robert E. Wood:

Willoughby, Charles A. 1944

Eichelberger, R.I. 1947

http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.ph...94417entry94417


QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 16 2007, 04:56 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 16 2007, 05:04 AM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 11:27 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 10:38 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 02:28 PM)
QUOTE(Thomas H. Purvis @ Feb 15 2007, 06:20 AM)
To date, only one person with the "common" ground has been found.

Prior to listing the name, which will ultimately become obvious, it would be perhaps best to
list some of this common ground.

The listing represents the exact item/person/etc; which was found within the person's possessions.
Some discussions will follow each item as listed.

Correspondence Series
---------------------------


1. William Douglas Pawley 1954

William Douglas Pawley should require no introduction to anyone who has followed the political and economic history of Cuba; Haiti; South America; China; India; and so on.
And specifically the association of Pawley to various anti-Castro elements in which Gerry Hemming played some roles.

However, for the sake of those who have only recently come aboard, a few new developments which were made known only on this forum may be in order.

a. The John Birch Society is named after a reported missionary who served in China at the time that William D. Pawley and the Flying Tigers/Claire Chennault were operational.
Birch was in fact working for OSS elements and was captured and executed.
William D. Pawley's wife, Annie Hahr Dobbs, was a direct line cousin to John Birch.

b. The William D. Pawley family initially gained their wealth through operation of a "Commissary" type store just outside the Guantanamo, Cuba Naval Base, and thereafter moving this operation to Haiti after the US Marine Corps occupied Haiti.
At the time when the Pawley family was operating in Haiti, many of those with whom they had to deal with came from the Mississippi & Louisiana costal area.
This, once understood, is explainable in that the US Minister (Ambassador) to Haiti at the time was from New Orleans, LA.
Thus, the Pawley family operation would have been directly involved with someone from the New Orleans, La area in the early 1900's when their business was in full force in Haiti.

c. 1954 is of course the point in time during which William D. Pawley became engaged in the Guatemala episode of/for United Fruit.

d. As posted under the Pawley topic heading, William D. Pawley was heavily involved with Convair, therefore one may as well post here (repeat) that Robert Oswald was employed by Convair at the time that LHO decided to leave for the Soviet Union.



2. Samuel Zemurray 1939-45

Samuel Zemurray of New Orleans, LA is of course the "force" behind the United Fruit Company.
Those who may not have taken the time to read up on Zemurray and his wealth; power; and position within New Orleans and the extension of this power through the United Fruit Company to Cuba; Guatemala; and other South and Central American countries, should do so in order to attemp to gain some understanding of exactly who and what United Fruit represented throughout Latin America.

That 6-years of correspondence existed, demonstrates the extremely close connections to United Fruit as well as to New Orleans, LA and the wealth and power which eminated from this city.

3. Fidel Castro 1959

Not much to say here with the exception to remind that Fidel Castro was in fact the son of a relatively wealthy (by Cuban standards) United Fruit Company foreman/supervisor.

4. Claire L. Chennault 1945

Most of the Chennault ties have been previously posted on this forum. They include the direct association of Claire Chennault with William D. Pawley and the Flying Tigers; Chennault's family background association to Louisiana; as well as the Shinley work which revealed that Chennault was among those who was to be contacted in an attempt to obtain aircraft for the 1954 Guatemala episode in which Pawley was heavily engaged.



5. Averill Harriman 1938

6. H. L. Hunt 1951-60
H. L. Hunt 1951 Proposal to start a FACTS FORUM




7. Joseph P. Kennedy 1939-41

8. John F. Kennedy 1957




9. Robert Welch 1958-66

10. Edwin Walker 1961-63

11. Dan Smoot 1955-61

12. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph R. McCarthy 1950-55 1956-57*
*A strong supporter of Joseph McCarthy during the 1950's.

13. Harry A. Jung 1946-52

http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/1920sp4.html

Another group from the 1920s that underwent the transformation from a nativist group to fascism was Harry Jung's American Vigilant Intelligence Federation.67

http://www.ctka.net/pr399-fdr.html

These groups also acted as intelligence networks. They infiltrated unions, leftwing groups, and universities, and they sold their information to industry. One example of such an intelligence agency was the American Vigilant Intelligence Federation, headquartered in Chicago and operated by Harry Jung.24 Jung later relocated to New Orleans where he was an associate of Guy Bannister, who also hailed from Chicago.* (Note: The source of this claim that Jung was in New Orleans is unknown and unverified)


14. John T. Flynn 1941-55

http://www.thenewamerican.com/tna/2000/01-...6no03_flynn.htm

Flynn and several other "noninterventionists," a term they always preferred to "isolationists," gathered in mid-1938 to form the Keep America Out of War Committee (KAOWC) with Flynn as its national chairman

In August 1940, Flynn and retired Army General Robert Wood, the head of Sears, Roebuck and Company, gathered with several others to form the non-interventionist America First Committee (AFC). Differing markedly from KAOWC’s intellectual approach and its distance from the people, AFC was to be a mass movement formed to unite large numbers of citizens around the issue of keeping the nation out of war. Almost immediately, chapters were established all over America. In time, AFC grew to include 800,000 members.

15. Truman Smith 1939-45 1946-53 1954-57

http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/...ellows_TAA.html

http://www.hooverpress.org/productdetails.cfm?PC=595

16. Charles A. Lindbergh 1940/1941/1942-44/1945-49/1950-54/1960-63

17. Robert R. McCormick 1933-42/1943-44/1945-50/1951-52/1953-54

Politically McCormick was a leading Progressive during the Progressive Era, but he turned against the New Deal and as a conservative was an America First isolationist who strongly opposed entering World War II to rescue the the British Empire



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._McCormick




18. Burton K. Wheeler 1940-44/1945-46/1947-58

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler

He then served as a United States Attorney where he most famously refused to hand down a single sedition indictment during World War I

He broke with the Democratic Party in 1924 to run for vice-president of the United States on the Progressive Party ticket led by Robert La Follette, Sr.

As tensions mounted in Europe, an aging Wheeler became known for his isolationist beliefs. After the beginning of World War II in Europe, he continued to oppose any aid to Britain or any other countries involved in the war. He became a supporter of the America First Committee.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAwheelerB.htm

19. Robert M. LaFoltette, Jr. 1933-51

20. Philip F. LaFolettte 1933-45

21. Mrs. Philip F. LaFollette 1944-45

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_La_Follette%2C_Sr.

In World War I, however, he broke with most of his academic friends on the war issue. He built a new base of support among anti-war German Americans.

. Theodore Roosevelt called him a "skunk who should be hanged" when he opposed the arming of American merchant ships; one of his colleagues in the Senate said he was "a better German than the head of the German parliament" when he opposed the Wilson Administration's request for a declaration of war in 1917.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlafollette.htm

22. Harry F. Byrd 1950

23. Sidney J. Weinberg 1933-42/1943-59

http://www2.goldmansachs.com/our_firm/our_...0928163235.html




24. Charles A. Willoughby 1944

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Courtney

On April 15, 1961, Courtney formed the "Conservative Society of America" in Chicago, with himself as the national chairman
June 1962, Courtney announced his CSA had 1,500 members representing 47 states. Among CSA endorsers on CSA letterhead were the following: Bryton Barron, Medford Evans, Dan Hanson, George J. Hess, J. Bracken Lee, Harold Poeschel, Frank Ranuzzi, E. Merrill Root, and Major General Charles Willoughby

Courtney, a member of the John Birch Society, endorsed the views expressed by Robert Welch

25. J. Bracken Lee 1961

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name: FREE MEN SPEAK, INC.

Type Entity: Business Corporation

Status: Not Active (Action by Secretary of State)

2007 Annual Report/Reinstatement form is required in order to reinstate Print Annual Report/Reinstatement Form For Filing

Mailing Address: NO STREET ADDRESS LISTED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70150

Domicile Address: NO STREET ADDRESS LISTED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70150

File Date: 01/11/1955

Registered Agent (Appointed 1/11/1955): KENT HARBINSON COURTNEY, 7314 ZIMPEL ST, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118

Registered Agent (Appointed 1/11/1955): PHOEBE GREENE, 7314 ZIMPEL ST, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

One should also note that Kent Courney: "For a time, he was a public relations spokesman for a fruit shipping company"


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

As an ole redneck country boy, we at an early age learned to distinguish which "snakes" were poisonious and which were merely just another snake.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Again, for whatever reason, the above did not go to the head of the class, just as it did not accept the attachement.

Perhaps a third time will move things along?

[Charles Drago]

"... YOUR CANADIAN COMPUTERS RESEARCHING THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN KENNEDY DEVELOPED LEADS TO A MAN NAMED TSCHEPPE-WEIDENBACH BORN IN 1892 IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY AS HAVING MASTERMINDED THE ASSASSINATION WITH THE APPROVAL. 'THE' MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG IN AMERICAN HISTORY? YOUR GENERAL (EASY RESEARCH MIGHT WELL PROVIDE A LEAD TO THE CLEVER MIND FROM HEIDELBERG... "


"'the' man who could do no wrong in American history"

Douglas MacArthur, no doubt.

See the thread devoted to the Roosevelt Coup for more musings on the MacArthur connection (hardly established, but fascinating nonetheless) to the JFK hit.

I would also suggest what for this writer of fiction are two wholly fascinating possibilities:

1. Might Ed Landsdale's favorite assassin, Napoleon Valeriano, played a role in Dallas? After all, he was deeply involved in anti-Castro ops. And many of the so-called "Asians" who enter and exit LHO's life -- including the chap who appears, hands behind head, in a well-known Oswald leafleting image -- could be Filipinos.

2. Might Field Operations Intelligence have been connected to recovery and/or maintenance and transfer of the Yamashita gold seam?

[Nathaniel Heiden...]

This article apeared today about an abortive coup in Japan

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070228/ap_on_....sui3FivVes0NUE

The story politiely separates the US from the Japanese Rightists. Did they paper over their differences by organising a Japanese Gladio, or was this already
in place by 1952?

[Robert Howard]

From Yakuza page 54


Long before the [American] occupation began, [of Japan] a critical diplomatic struggle broke out in State Department circles over the administration of Japan and the rest of East Asia after the war was won. Basically, there were two distinct factions: the so-called China Crowd, left of center and disciples of Amerasia magazine; and the Japan crowd, centering around Joseph Clark Grew. Simply put the China crowd wanted China, and a China under Mao, at that, as the centerpiece of American foreign policy in East Asia. Mao’s opponent, Chaing-Kai-Shek, had through the years generated great antipathy and distrust among American liberals because of his corruption and indifferent war effort against the Chinese........The Japan Crowd, on the other hand, wanted Japan’s power to be reduced and realigned, not eliminated. They wanted the economic structure to be left largely as it was before the war. Japan would be the keystone of America’s Asian interests, and Japan would provide a line of defense against the Soviet Union, clearly a rival for the riches of northeast Asia.

excerpts pages 57-59

.....few understand that Americans were hiring mobsters in Japan as well, in a secret was against the left that began as early as 1946. At its helm stood Major General Charles Willoughby, MacArthur’s intelligence chief —- both during the Pacific campaigns and under SCAP, where he headed G-2 [intelligence]. Willoughby and his trusted aides in G-2 served both to directly repress the left, as did G-2’s Counter-Intelligence Corps, and indirectly, by aiding and financing rightists thugs or yakuza to do the job. To help run his covert operations, the general followed another pattern similar to that which U.S. officials were secretly employing in Europe : recruiting for intelligence use key members of the enemy who probably should have been tried as war-criminals. Willoughby succeeded in freeing from the purge in Japan certain well placed officers from the Imperial Army and Navy. Many of these held extreme right-wing views and their attitudes towards Communism would be put to good use. As U.S. agents made life easier for Nazi’s like Klaus Barbie........so did Willoughby recruit such men like recruit such men like Lt. General Seizo Arisue, former chief of military intelligence for the General staff. Arisue and other officers were incorporated into G-2’s Historical section and into a number of secret agencies. In addition to supplying U.S. officials with intelligence gleaned from years of work on Korea, China and the Soviet Union, Willoughby’s new recruits made a second career spying on and disrupting the left in Japan for G-2. Major General Charles Andre Willoughby seems to have been naturally inclined toward the role of guardian of the extreme right. Bord Adolf Weidenbach in Germany, Willoughby was called by one fellow officer “our own Junker general.” His mentor, General MacArthur referred to him as “my loveable fascist.”
Willoughby had functioned under MacArthur in Manila, and there became close to the Falangist Spaniards who supported Franco. After the war, Willoughby served as advisor and intermediary for Franco in Spain, and devoted himself to extreme right-wing causes in the United States, such as Billy James Hargis’s Christian Crusade. Willoughby was forever discovering Communist spy plots, some of which, particularly those revolving around the Soviet liason offices, did exist. But his paranoia and sense of drama tended to blur his perceptions. According to one former colleague, Kenneth Colton of Government Section, Willoughby circulated memos on blue paper, called Willoughby chits by staffers -- that were sometimes “far-fetched.” One SCAP veteran asserted that Willoughby was “horribly involved with the right wing.” The full scope of spying and disruption under Willoughby’s command is hard to assess, let along prove, and the answer may have died with Willoughby in October of 1972. American researchers have been stymied in their attempts to locate and review Willoughby’s own G-2 files which seem to have disappeared. Perhaps Willoughby was somewhat embarrassed by G-2’s frequent ineptitude. One former military intelligence officer who worked under the general recalled, “We were supporting every right-wing jerk who came along. It was so chaotic in the postwar years that American agents were stumbling over each other. Five different guy’s were running one Japanese, and the Japanese were collecting money from each one of them. Most of them [the Japanese rightists] had their own agendas anyway. It was hard to say who was running who.”


END

Furthermore, if one examines.....
WCH, Volume XIX
Folsom Ex 1 - Copy of U.S. Marine Corps record on Lee Harvey Oswald.
Loyalty Certificate for Personnel of the Armed Forces

http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/...bsPageId=141531
.......one will find the document contains a list of organizations that said Armed Forces personnel, would have some real "explaining to do" if said U S Marine was known, proven, or probably even alleged to have any relationship with, [other than a bona fide "Deep Cover penetration, CIC type activity sanctioned by superior officers] said organizations....

Included among the various & sundry organizations are:
The Black Dragon Society
Central Japanese Association Biekiku Chou Nipponjin Kai
Central Japanese Association of Southern California......

PS In Glossary of Yakuza, there is a passage referencing The Black Dragon Society.....

Kokuryu-kai - The American River Society, also known as the Black Dragon Society. A leading ultranationalist group founded in 1901 and a direct descendant of the Dark Ocean Society.

US Ambassasdor to Japan Edwin Rischauer, a legend among the diplomatic community arguably a Kennedy liberal, as far as the far-right in both Japan, the U.S and anti-Kennedy kook's in general would have percieved him may have had an "unpleasant encounter with the Yakuza" when he was stabbed on March 24, 1964 by a japanese youth from Mishima in Shizuoka Prefecture......Also Bobby Kennedy paid a couple of visits to Japan while AG under Pres Kennedy.....

[John Simkin]

John Bevilaqua: Please add any information you have on Willoughby on this thread.

[John Bevilaqua]

John Bevilaqua: Please add any information you have on Willoughby on this thread.

This is not my original content and the origin(s) and the author(s) of these tidbits are unknown,
but I will follow up with original embedded comments hereing as time permits enclosed in [ ].

Adolf Tscheppe-Weidenbach, the son of Baron von Tscheppe-Weidenbach
from Baden, Germany, and Emma Willoughby, was born in 1892. After
attending the University of Heidelberg, Willoughby moved to the United
States in 1910 and became known as Charles Willoughby.

Willoughby joined the United States Army and served with Company K,
5th U.S. Infantry, and eventually reached the rank of sergeant. He was
commissioned a major in May 1914 in the Officers Volunteer Corps.
During the First World War Willoughby served on the Western Front.

In October 1919 Captain Willoughby was reassigned to the 24th Infantry
serving at Columbus, New Mexico.

[This is a distinction he shared with both Hugh Angleton, Jim Angleton's father, and
George A. Draper when they all rode under Pershing's command in the successful
search for "the Mexican bandit" Pancho Villa. The standard was set for the continued
pursuit and punishment of various non-White persons who were identified as interlopers,
transgressors and rabble rousers who challenged the way of life of this trio and their
progeny for the balance of the their lifetimes during the 20th Century.]

His next assignment took him overseas to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where
again he served as both company and battalion commander in the 65th
Infantry from February 1921 to May 1923. He now joined the Military
Intelligence Division, as served as Military Attaché duties in Venezuela,
Colombia and Ecuador.

[It was during these assignments that he became familiar with General Pedro A.
del Valle, of the USMC who was born in Puerto Rico and later became a commander
at the U.S. Naval Academy. del Valle made several mistakes in his career not the least of
which was inviting an unrepentant Nazi to speak at the Academy. del Valle also lost
a position with Sothenes Benes when his blatant anti-Semitism could no longer be
tolerated by ITT in South America where he worked.]

In August, 1929, Willoughby started a course at the Command and
General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After graduating two
years later, he stayed on at the school as an instructor, teaching the
subjects of Intelligence and Military History. He also edited the
Command and General Staff School Quarterly.

In 1936 he was appointed as an instructor in the Infantry School at
Fort Benning. Later he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.
He developed extreme right-wing views and once delivered a speech to
Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco at a lunch in Madrid.
He also praised Benito Mussolini: "Historical judgment, freed from the
emotional haze of the moment, will credit Mussolini with wiping out a
memory of defeat by re-establishing the traditional military supremacy
of the white race."

[One should also add that he, along with his Draper and Angleton nexus
of cohorts firmly believed in the Racial Supremacy of the white race.]

Willoughby became logistics officer in the Headquarters of the
Philippine Department in Manila where he served under General Douglas
MacArthur. Promoted to the rank of major general, Willoughby served as
General MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence in the General Headquarters,
Southwest Pacific Area (1941-1951).

The Japanese Air Force attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor
on the 7th December 1941. The following day they carried out air
strikes on the Philippines and destroyed half of MacArthur's air
force. MacArthur was much criticized for this as he had been told to
move his airforce after the raid on Hawaii the previous day.

[Multiple authors since then have suggested, implied or concluded that
this deliberate inaction which led to the crippling of the entire Pacific Air
Fleet was not an oversight nor a bad judgement but a deliberate action
given hindsight which was designed to hinder the war effort's progress.
Willoughby was much more than MacArthur's "Little Fascist". He was
a covert Nazi supporter and sympathizer along with Albert C. Wedemeyer,
Bonner Fellers, George Stratemeyer and several others who shared
his predilections. Prof. Bruce Cummings in the Origins of the Korean
War Volumes I and II went even further to document Willoughby's
efforts just before the Korean War began when he staged a deliberate
false incursion and border penetration by South Korean troops dressed
in North Korean uniforms. They were all murdered, according to
Cumings and both H. L. Hunt and Charles Willoughby became millionaires
as a result of having cornered the worldwide market in Soybeans. Korea
was the world's number one producer of Soybeans at that time.]

The Japanese Army also invaded the Philippines and they soon held the
three air bases in northern Luzon. On 22nd December the 14th Army
landed at Lingayen Gulf and quickly gained control of Manila from the
inexperienced Filipino troops. Although only 57,000 Japanese soldiers
were landed on Luzon it had little difficulty capturing the island.

General Douglas MacArthur now ordered a general retreat to the Bataan
peninsula. A series of Japanese assaults forced the US defensive lines
back and on 22nd February, 1942, MacArthur was ordered to leave Bataan
and go to Australia. General Jonathan Wainright remained behind with
11,000 soldiers and managed to hold out until the beginning of May.

In December 1942 Willoughby was with General Robert Eichelberger in
the capture of Buna Village in the Buna-Gona campaign. He was awarded
the Army's second highest decoration for gallantry, the Distinguished
Service Cross, for "extraordinary heroism in action".

Willoughby accompanied Douglas MacArthur to Tokyo for the occupation
of Japan. When attempts to suppress news to the United States ended in
failure, he labeled reporters who defied him, as "Communists". A Cold
War warrior he was a strong supporter of the activities of Joseph
McCarthy. He also lobbied the US Congress to authorize $100 million
for General Franco's government in Spain. MacArthur once described the
six-foot, three-inch, Willoughby as "my little Fascist".

In 1951 Willoughby went before the House of Un-American Activities and
provided information about the Richard Sorge spy network. This
included information that claimed that Agnes Smedley was a "communist
subversive". In retirement Willoughby was a member of the
International Committee for the Defense of Christian Culture along
with Nelson Bunker Hunt. During the 1950s he worked closely with Rev.
Billy James Hargis, Haroldson L. Hunt, John Rousselot and other right-wing
figures. Willoughby was also a board member of Young Americans for
Freedom, an organization created by Larrie Schmidt. [and William F. Buckley,
Jr. and Doug Caddy. Buckley was mentioned in The Manchurian Candidate
by Richard Condon as "... that fascinating man who wrote about man and
God at Yale." The title was called "God and Man at Yale" and it was
published by World War II isolationist William Regnery who started America
First and lobbied for non-intervention against the Nazis. Regnery Press
continued to publish both Holocaust Denial titles, Right Wing Extremist
Militia materials and anti-Clinton allegations for decades.]

Two days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy a long-distance
telephone operator in Mexico City monitored an international phone
call. She heard one of the voices saying: "The Castro plan is being
carried out. Bobby is next." The telephone numbers were traced. One
number belonged to Emilio Nunez Portuondo, the Latin American Affairs
editor of Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest.

In 1968 Willoughby moved with his wife to Naples, Florida. Charles
Willoughby died on 25th October, 1972.

Forum Debates

Charles Willoughby

The Kennedy Assassination

Assassination, Terrorism and the Arms Trade: 1940-1990

Watergate

(1) Dick Russell, The Man Who Knew Too Much (1992)

A White House memorandum prepared for JFK in mid-August 1963 estimated
that the radical right spent as much as $25 million annually,
supported by about 70 foundations, 113 corporations, 25 utility
companies, and 250 identifiable individuals.

In the thick of it all, and much more, was Charles Willoughby. While
his mentor, General MacArthur, passed into quiet retirement and was
occasionally sought by Kennedy for advice, Willoughby approached his
seventieth birthday with samurai swords placed strategically next to
his desk. Willoughby's holy war against the "Red Menace" found him
sitting on the boards of most of the major conservative groups, and
reaching into Europe and Latin America to start his own International
Committee for the Defense of Christian Culture. [with N. B. Hunt]

Willoughby's publisher and friend Billy James Hargis was a short,
portly, double-chinned fellow in his midthirties who gained much of
his financial support from H. L. Hunt and other wealthy oilmen. Along
with Willoughby, who was his Washington eyes and ears, another of
Hargis's advisory committee members was retired lieutenant general
Pedro del Valle, US Marine commander in the Pacific Theater during
World War II. After the Korean War, del Valle had become vice
president of ITT's Latin American operations. [and worked with
General Pedro A. del Valle at this time. See: Kevin Coogan on
del Valle and The Defenders of American Liberties and The League
of Empire Loyalists and The Funding of Scientific Racism (about Draper
and The Bell Curve) for more details about del Valle's anti-Semitism,
White Supremacy, and publicly demonstrated racist views.]

In September 1961 Hargis announced that a secret fraternity to
coordinate right-wing activities would soon be formed. Then, on March
21,1962, a carefully selected group was called together in Washington.
No press representatives were allowed at the founding session of the
Anti-Communist Liaison, which brought together about one hundred
delegates representing some seventy-five right-wing groups at the
Washington Hotel. Named as its chairman and operating head was Edward
Hunter, a National Advisory Board member of Young Americans for
Freedom. [Hunter was featured in The Manchurian Candidate by Richard
Condon. Hunter authored "Brainwashing" the seminal work on this
topic.]

The new group's insider was US representative John Rousselot, a John
Birch Society spokesman and Christian Crusade board member from Los
Angeles. It also had a Southern California "outsider," Colonel William
P. Gale, yet another ex-MacArthur man. In 1962, as California state
chairman of the Constitution Party, Colonel Gale announced his
candidacy for the governorship on a platform calling for the abolition
of all income taxes. He also organized, soon after the pivotal
springtime meeting in Washington, a paramilitary outfit.

(2) Meiron and Susie Harries, Sheathing the Sword: The
Demilitarization of Japan (1987)

Willoughby believed implicitly in the solidarity of the military
caste. Before the war many American professional soldiers had had
links with their Japanese counterparts within the ruling oligarchy.
During the war, despite being enemies, in a curious way they were
bound even closer, as Willoughby put it, by "years of intimate combat
association." Now in the aftermath of war Willoughby and many like him
were finding that in important respects they had more in common with
the remains of the Japanese military hierarchy than with the American
civilians in Tokyo... The militarist spirit was kept alight in small
cells spread throughout the body of the nation. As for the one man
with the power to control Willoughby and his Japanese henchmen, it is
not clear whether MacArthur ever knew what was happening.

(3) Sterling Seagrave and Peggy Seagrave, Gold Warriors (2005)

In Europe, the OSS at times worked closely with other intelligence
services, but competition and rivalry were intense. One of the
fiercest turf battles over the tracking of Nazi loot went on inside
the U.S. Government, waged between Secretary of the Treasury Henry
Morgenthau and Allen Dulles, the OSS chief in Switzerland, a romantic
who had a much more cavalier attitude about such things. Axis loot was
being moved under the noses of the Allies into neutral safe havens. In
one instance, American agents in Switzerland watched 280 trucks of
Nazi gold move from Germany across France and Spain to the safe haven
of neutral Portugal. Owned by private Swiss firms, the trucks were
painted with the Swiss cross, allowing the gold to be moved under
`neutral' cover.

However, while the gathering of intelligence on war loot may have been
disjointed, ultimately all such reports were passed up to the office
of the Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson. He had a special interest
in the subject of looted bullion, and kept a group of financial
experts thinking hard about it. Three of these men were Stimson's
special assistants John J. McCloy, Robert Lovett, and consultant
Robert B. Anderson.

The problem of how to deal with plundered treasure, and what to do
with Axis gold after the war, was discussed in July 1944 when forty-
four nations met at the resort of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to
plan the post-war economy. These discussions, some of them extremely
secret, revealed the flaws and loopholes that existed in the
international financial system, making any clear-cut resolution
unlikely. Among the delegates, trust was far from universal. Many of
them believed that the Bank of International Settlements was secretly
laundering Nazi loot. That distrust set the tone. Among other things,
the Bretton Woods agreement (as it was made public) set a fixed price
for gold of $35 an ounce, and banned the importation of gold to
America for personal use. Neutral countries that signed the pact
promised not to knowingly accept stolen gold and other looted assets,
but Portugal forgot to include Macao in the list of its dependent
territories. This was a convenient oversight, for during the rest of
the war, as we saw in Chapter Four, Macao became a world center for
trade in illicit gold and was heavily exploited by Japan.

Unlike Europe where the OSS was tolerated by General Dwight
Eisenhower, in the Southwest Pacific General MacArthur resisted all
attempts by the OSS to get a foothold in his territory. MacArthur and
his staff intended to conduct their own brand of special operations
from their headquarters in Australia, without any interference.
Intelligence-gathering in MacArthur's domain was under the command of
Charles Willoughby. Born in Heidelberg, Germany, in 1892, he was the
love child of Baron T Scheppe-Weidenbach and Emma Willoughby of
Baltimore, Maryland. By 1910 her romance with the baron had soured and
Emma returned to the United States with her 18-year-old son, who
immediately enlisted as a private in the U.S. Army, rising gradually
to sergeant. When he returned to civilian life in 1913, Willoughby
enrolled at Gettysburg College where he was able to get a degree
quickly. Re-joining the army as an officer, he served in France in
1917-1918, then taught machine gun tactics at Ft. Benning. The next
few years he served as an army attaché at U.S. embassies in Venezuela,
Colombia and Ecuador, speaking Spanish with a heavy German accent. In
1940, after staff school at Ft. Leavenworth, he was sent to Manila to
be MacArthur's assistant chief of staff for logistics. At the time,
Douglas MacArthur was America's field marshal of the Philippine Army.
Willoughby, who craved grandeur and authority, was awed by the
patrician MacArthur. In mid-1941, when MacArthur became commander of
the new U.S. Far Eastern Command, Willoughby stuck with his idol. This
impressed MacArthur, who valued personal loyalty above all other
qualities, and he made Willoughby his assistant chief of staff for
intelligence, promoting him to colonel. When Japan attacked,
Willoughby moved to Corregidor with MacArthur, and then accompanied
him to Australia.

MacArthur wanted absolute control of intelligence-gathering and
special operations in his zone of command. Willoughby's qualifications
for such work have been seriously questioned. Repeatedly, he blundered
in battlefield estimates, but was kept on because MacArthur liked to
surround himself with admirers. According to military historian
Kenneth Campbell, Willoughby was often given assignments "for which he
was not remotely prepared", and his "attempts to conceal his mistakes
are a violation of honor...". For Willoughby, truth was flexible.
In Australia, Willoughby set up the Allied Intelligence Bureau to run
guerrilla operations in the Philippines. He also started the Allied
Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), to monitor Japanese radio
broadcasts, interrogate prisoners, and translate captured Japanese
documents. Most men in ATIS were Nisei, second generation Japanese
born in foreign countries, in this case born in America of Japanese
parents. However, Willoughby's approach to guerrilla warfare proved to
be too cautious for MacArthur, who craved audacity. Leaving Willoughby
in charge of intelligence gathering, MacArthur gave special operations
to his intimate friend and personal attorney Courtney A. Whitney.
Willoughby was furious, but MacArthur soothed him by promoting him to
general.

In this way, MacArthur's intimate crony Courtney Whitney became the
key man running secret agents in the islands and reading reports of
war loot, including those from John Ballinger. The OSS had no part
whatever in this. Whitney was effective in special operations because
he was well connected in Manila, a clever rich man on first name basis
with all the politically powerful families in the Philippines. In the
late 1920s when he had been fresh out of law school in Washington,
D.C., MacArthur had got Whitney a job with the top Manila law firm of
Dewitt, Perkins & Enrile, who handled MacArthur's financial affairs in
the islands, and also handled Benguet, the biggest gold mining
operation in the islands, in which MacArthur had investments. By Pearl
Harbor, Whitney was intimately involved in all manner of political,
legal, and financial intrigues, as played in the islands. He could
call in favors from men like Santa Romana.

[John Bevilaqua]

Additonal Willoughby material to follow shortly.

This post has been edited by John Bevilaqua: Oct 23 2007, 09:42 AM

[Guest_David Guyatt_*]

"... YOUR CANADIAN COMPUTERS RESEARCHING THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN KENNEDY DEVELOPED LEADS TO A MAN NAMED TSCHEPPE-WEIDENBACH BORN IN 1892 IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY AS HAVING MASTERMINDED THE ASSASSINATION WITH THE APPROVAL. 'THE' MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG IN AMERICAN HISTORY? YOUR GENERAL (EASY RESEARCH MIGHT WELL PROVIDE A LEAD TO THE CLEVER MIND FROM HEIDELBERG... "


"'the' man who could do no wrong in American history"

Douglas MacArthur, no doubt.

See the thread devoted to the Roosevelt Coup for more musings on the MacArthur connection (hardly established, but fascinating nonetheless) to the JFK hit.

I would also suggest what for this writer of fiction are two wholly fascinating possibilities:

1. Might Ed Landsdale's favorite assassin, Napoleon Valeriano, played a role in Dallas? After all, he was deeply involved in anti-Castro ops. And many of the so-called "Asians" who enter and exit LHO's life -- including the chap who appears, hands behind head, in a well-known Oswald leafleting image -- could be Filipinos.

2. Might Field Operations Intelligence have been connected to recovery and/or maintenance and transfer of the Yamashita gold seam?

Charles,

One answer to your question is that the people recovering some of the gold stash on the Philippines may have been a unit of the US Army Corps of Engineers. The primary connection here is that the late billionaire, Colonel Henry Crown, was an officer in the Corp during WWII – hence his nickname “Colonel” (he was a lowly lieutenant in reality). Renowned for his ownership of General Dynamics, he was also involved in the mining industry in 1942 and was the less well-known owner of Material Service Resources Company that had acquired Freeman Coal Mining Company. Arguably, coal mining might be viewed as an ideal skill-set to have at your disposal if you plan on recovering various stashes of gold buried by Japanese Army engineers prior to the end of WWII. Crown also was involved in the purchase of the Empire State Building back in 1954 where he, apparently, was the “beard” for Chicago mob money used in that transaction.

Additionally, Crown was also a director of Hilton Hotels. And he had once negotiated with a Cuban pro-Baptista faction for casino rights in the Havana Hilton. Furthermore, Crown had associations with some good ol’ boy Texas businessman, including “Robert B. Anderson who would later become Secretary of the Treasury. Anderson was, as you know, one of the central figures in setting up the Black Eagle gold trusts using gold plundered by the Axis during WWII – and had accompanied Ed Lansdale to Tokyo in 1945, when Lansdale reported to General MacArthur – his boss – on all the loot that he and Santa Romana had uncovered in the Philippines. Not least, two of Santa Romana’s “front companies” used by him for the deposit of plundered WWII bullion just happen to have the name “Crown” in their title: Crown Commodity Holding International, and just plain Crown International. Stranger still, is the fact that for many years, Santa Romana lived in a suite at the Hilton Hotel in Manila.” Also, I have been told that Santa Romana was the secret owner of the Empire State Building. I have no idea if this is true or not but I do think it is quite possible for a number of reasons.

And there is a JFK connection to this gold – albeit a very slippery one and almost impossible to nail down – and which wallows in disinformation and deceit. In other words, not at all unusual so far as these assets are concerned.

The connection I speak of concerns the so called “GREEN HILTON AGREEMENT” supposedly named after a “Green Hilton Memorial Building Geneva,” which might be a cipher. I don’t believe such a building exists in reality – probably a case of the usual typo’s, date errors and so forth that are always and purposely factored into these assets and bullion certificates, presumably for reasons of security/deniability/ or other - i.e., a version of the Cardano Grille or a similar cipher system that has been argued, and which I don’t discount out of hand, for when one looks at the underlying certificate sets, the large volume of numbers and codes does suggest this possibility.

The basic story concerning this alleged “Agreement” is that JFK signed an agreement with Soekarno on 21st November 1963 (a day when Kennedy was most certainly not overseas) covering the ownership and utilisation of these assets. The purported JFK signature on this agreement does not appear to Kennedy’s it seems. Interestingly, the Seal on the document that appears as the US Presidential Seal, at first glance anyway, turns out to be the Indonesian Garuda.



The copy of the fourteen page Agreement document I have appears to have been badly stained. Some argue this is a coffee stain, others that it is a blood stain. As always with these assets one has to probe beneath the obvious to try to see what might lurk there sub rosa.

One argument presented to account for what is an obvious forgery (aren’t they all!) is that it mirrors a genuine and still highly classified agreement entered into by JFK with Soekarno regarding ownership and use of these assets.

In this regard it may be important to remember that Soekarno had, back in the mid Fifties (circa the Bandung Conference) sought to establish a world bank composed of non-aligned nations using gold as collateral. This would have certainly been greatly inimical to the interests of the US and I have, more than once, pondered whether it was this that resulted in his CIA engineered overthrow.

And the late Dr Edison Damanik had once stated that the precious metal certificates of which he was the “last legal holder”, had their origin in a “Private Secret Treaty” dated 1954, that connected to the 1955 Bandung Conference of Non Aligned Nations. Damanik also made the most curious private observation that these ‘certificates were to do with "Rhodes scholars, who are the keepers of the currency." ’ What that might have meant one can only guess at, but it was a comment sufficient to launch my interest in researching the Rhodes-Milner “Group”. And what a Group they were – and are.

In conclusion, one could be forgiven for thinking that there was a Private Secret Treaty circa 1950’s concerning these assets that ultimately led to the downfall of Soekarno (thanks to Frank Wisner & co) and that possibly, the so called Green Hilton Agreement distantly reflected – or perhaps mirrored? - a desire by JFK to revisit this treaty with Soekarno, with whom he apparently on cordial (if not outright friendly) terms during his term of office.

Naturally, this is heaping assumption on top of assumption. But it is, at least, interesting to note that one possible interpretation of the Green Hilton Agreement is the hint or suggestion that JFK was assassinated because of this (hence the signature date of 21st November 1963).

All very curious.

David

[Robert Charles-D...]

From a recent edition of Vanity Fair, written by the late David Halberstam, retrievable @:

http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/feature...0?currentPage=1

At the start of the Korean War, a disproportionate number of his top men had been with MacArthur since the late 1930s. It was the most exclusionary of groups: anyone who was not an insider was suspect. If he smiled, they smiled; if he frowned, they frowned. If things worked out well, it was because he was a great man; if not, it was because of sworn enemies in Washington. He had "surrounded himself," the historian William Stueck wrote in a particularly apt phrase, with men "who would not disturb the dreamworld of self-worship in which he chose to live."

Never would the weakness of his staff come back to haunt him as in Korea, especially with regard to Charles A. Willoughby. He was not just MacArthur's principal personal intelligence man, he was the only intelligence man who mattered in Korea. Most commanders wanted as many good sources of information as possible; MacArthur was focused on limiting and controlling the sources of intelligence. His desire was to have no dissenting or even alternative voices on his watch. It was always important to him that his intelligence reports blend seamlessly with what he had intended to do in the first place. In MacArthur's view, professional and unbiased intelligence estimates of the kind generated by the C.I.A. might have prevented him from doing what he wanted most: making the final drive to the Yalu. But only after Willoughby's great and catastrophic failure on the whereabouts and intentions of China's armies would the C.I.A. finally be allowed into the region.

Willoughby was a Prussian-born man of the far right, "all ideology and almost never any facts," in the words of Frank Wisner, the head of the C.I.A.'s Directorate of Plans. Willoughby's great hero—other than MacArthur—was the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, a true Fascist who had been supported by the Nazis in his drive to power in the 1930s and who then tilted to the Germans during World War II. The higher Willoughby rose, the more Prussian he became. On occasion, he even wore a monocle, although, as one fellow officer put it, he was more like Erich von Stroheim, the movie director, than Karl von Rundstedt, the head of the World War II German General Staff.

Apparently he had come to America from Heidelberg, Germany, as an 18-year-old in 1910 and entered the army as Adolf Charles Weidenbach. In three years he made sergeant, then left the army, went to Gettysburg College, did some graduate studies at the University of Kansas, and taught languages at girls' schools in the Midwest. He re-entered the army in 1916, served on the Mexican border, and eventually went to France, but did not see combat. After the war, he served for a time as military attaché in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. Eventually he became a self-styled military historian and intelligence officer. Somehow in the mid-1930s, while he was teaching at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, a place where the army sent its most promising mid-career officers for extra training, he connected with MacArthur, and in 1940 he joined the general in the Philippines, soon becoming the intelligence expert on his staff.

The intensity of Willoughby's ideological biases made even others on the MacArthur staff uneasy, and he was despised by a vast number of other men in the command. "I was always afraid he would be found murdered one day, because if he was, I was sure that they would come and arrest me, because I hated him so much, and had been so outspoken about him," Lieutenant General William J. McCaffrey, deputy chief of staff of 10th Corps, once said.

In the internal staff struggles over the future of Japanese democracy, Willoughby was an unusually passionate player, trying to rid headquarters of the New Deal liberals whom he tended to see as fellow travelers or Communists. He was also always on the alert for any journalistic transgression against either the occupation or MacArthur personally. "Willoughby was absolutely convinced that because I was doing a good deal of original reporting on those divisions, reporting what neither he nor MacArthur liked, that I was a Communist," said Joseph Fromm, of U.S. News & World Report. "I remember one day he called me for a special one-on-one meeting, and it was a truly crazed scene. All he wanted to do was talk about Lenin and Marx, man-to-man, like we both knew what the game was, he the anti-Communist and the man of the law and me, in his mind, the Communist, and thus the outlaw, and we would be equals in this sparring, sophisticates about it, men of the world, but in the end his view of Communism would trump mine." Years later, Fromm got hold of his security file through the Freedom of Information Act. What stunned him was the amount of garbage in it about him, all of it collected by Willoughby and his people in the G-2 section, reams and reams of it, much of it incredibly inaccurate, "the kind of thing that could ruin a person's career if it was taken seriously. What it told about the man who was in charge of collecting it, the waste of time involved, and the inability of that headquarters to deal with reality, was staggering."

[Charles Drago]

David,

As always, many thanks. We'll be in touch soon.

Robert,

As always, many thanks.

Charles