Has anyone considered using concordancers in English language teaching? These useful tools figure prominently in teaching MFL and English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). Used in conjunction with a corpus, e.g. such as the COBUILD Bank of English, concordancers can extremely valuable tools, for example:
- The teacher can use a concordancer to find examples of authentic usage to demonstrate a point of language, typical collocations, etc.
- The teacher can generate language exercises based on authentic texts.
- Students can work out rules of grammar and usage for themselves by searching for key words in context.
- Students are encouraged to be sceptical about explicit rules.
And if anyone tries to tell you that this sounds like the sort of work that goes on only at university level, don't believe them! Secondary school children are quite capable of making intelligent use of concordancers. See Module 2.4 at the ICT4LT website:
http://www.ict4lt.org – this website relates mainly to MFL and ESOL but the same principles may be applied to English as MT.
Concordancers are used extensively for creating glossaries and dictionaries. I use a concordancer to check my own writing style. It picks up my over-frequent use of certain words and is also helpful when used in conjunction with a thesaurus. A thesaurus never gives you enough authentic examples of usage to tell you how to use a word with which you are unfamiliar, but a concordancer does - providing you have a decent corpus of authentic texts.
Concordancers can also be very useful in literary criticism. Let’s suppose, for example, you are writing an essay on animal imagery in Shakespeare. You can search for references to different animals in Shakespeare’s works using a concordancer and a Shakespeare corpus and find out what kinds of images they represent, e.g. I did a search under “greyhound(s)” at
http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/~matty/Shakespeare/test.html(OK, I own a retired racing greyhound – hence the interest). I found:
King Henry IV, Part i
Act 1, Scene 3
HOTSPUR You say true:
Why, what a candy deal of courtesy
This fawning greyhound then did proffer me!
The Taming of the Shrew
Act 5, Scene 2
TRANIO O, sir, Lucentio slipp'd me like his greyhound,
Which runs himself and catches for his master.
Love's Labour's Lost
Act 5, Scene 2
DUMAIN Ay, and Hector's a greyhound.
The Merry Wives of Windsor
Act 1, Scene 1
SLENDER How does your fallow greyhound, sir? I heard say he
was outrun on Cotsall.
Coriolanus
Act 1, Scene 6
MARCIUS As with a man busied about decrees:
Condemning some to death, and some to exile;
Ransoming him, or pitying, threatening the other;
Holding Corioli in the name of Rome,
Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash,
To let him slip at will.
King Henry VI, Part iii
Act 2, Scene 5
QUEEN MARGARET Mount you, my lord; towards Berwick post amain:
Edward and Richard, like a brace of greyhounds
Having the fearful flying hare in sight,
With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath,
And bloody steel grasp'd in their ireful hands,
Are at our backs; and therefore hence amain.
King Henry V
Act 3, Scene 1
KING HENRY V I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the start. The game's afoot:
Follow your spirit, and upon this charge
Cry 'God for Harry, England, and Saint George!'
The Taming of the Shrew
Prologue, Scene 2
First Servant Say thou wilt course; thy greyhounds are as swift
As breathed stags, ay, fleeter than the roe.
Timon of Athens
Act 1, Scene 2
Third Servant Please you, my lord, that honourable
gentleman, Lord Lucullus, entreats your company
to-morrow to hunt with him, and has sent your honour
two brace of greyhounds.
Macbeth
Act 3, Scene 1
MACBETH Ay, in the catalogue ye go for men;
As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs,