NOTE TO MODERATORS – I suggest that unless Greg objects this thread be folded into the original one.
QUOTE (Greg Parker @ Oct 2 2009, 10:03 PM)

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Sorry Greg no “false dichotomy” in the above. You used a quote completely out of context either you did so by accident or you did so intentionally there is no third alternative which is why you chose to change the subject rather than address it
Well, your original argument was - either/or "gross carelessness" or "intent to "deceive" - a false dichotomy. Of course, you have changed the dichotomy now to "accident" or "intentional". Or are you saying all accidents necessarily involve "gross carelessness"? That would be yet another logical fallacy...
In this case there is essentially no difference either you made the out of context quotation a) ‘accidentally’ due to "gross carelessness" or b) ‘intentionally’ due to an "intent to "deceive".
I figured out what went wrong.
1) You did a Google search, the search string was more or less
darwin refugees 19 february 19422) Either
a) You simply copied and pasted one of the results without even bothering to open the page. The result was:
Australia Attacked - Air Raids
On 19 February 1942, Darwin suffered its first and most devastating air raid. ... Many casualties were Dutch refugees from the Netherlands East Indies ...www.ww2australia.gov.au/underattack/airraid.html Note that your quote began and ended at the exact same points.
OR
b) You opened the page and copied the phrase without bothering to read the rest of the paragraph.
Either way you were grossly careless
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You keep referring to “appeals to authority” but you don't know what the term means. It is only considered a fallacy if “the person in question is not a legitimate authority on the subject.” Since the people I cited had all extensively researched the attacks they are legitimate authorities
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/a...-authority.htmlWow - that's chutzpah! Quoting from a Jewish Holocaust site to prove your appeals to authority on the subject of the bombing of Darwin did not fall within the definition of "logical fallacy".
Nizkor - area of expertise = Jewish Holocaust.
???? And what by contrast are the areas of expertise of the authors of the Wikipedia page you cited?
You have no idea because you don’t know who they are! Presumably they know little if anything about the Japanese air raids against Australia either. What an absurd ad hom, logical fallacies are logical fallacies independent of the subject matter.
An just for your information since the Nizkor site is run by a non-Jewish Canadian and focuses on Holocaust victims of all races/religions/ethnicities it is inaccurate to call it a “Jewish Holocaust site”. Obviously however refuting the claims of Holocaust deniers schools the site owner in logical fallacies.
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Your appeal here then, has the very hallmarks of another appeal to authority within the definition of logical fallacy.
Here is what wiki says:
LOL ‘physician heal thyself’ you complain that I appeal to the authority of Nizkor but then appeal to the authority of Wikipedia!
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Argument from authority or appeal to authority is a logical fallacy, where it is argued that a statement is correct because the statement is made by a person or source that is commonly regarded as authoritative. The most general structure of this argument is:
Source A says that p.
Source A is authoritative.
Therefore, p is true.
This is a fallacy because the truth or falsity of the claim is not necessarily related to the personal qualities of the claimant, and because the premises can be true, and the conclusion false (an authoritative claim can turn out to be false). It is also known as argumentum ad verecundiam (Latin: argument to respect) or ipse dixit (Latin: he himself said it). [1]
On the other hand, arguments from authority are an important part of informal logic. Since we cannot have expert knowledge of many subjects, we often rely on the judgments of those who do. There is no fallacy involved in simply arguing that the assertion made by an authority is true. The fallacy only arises when it is claimed or implied that the authority is infallible in principle and can hence be exempted from criticism.
Wikipedia is not an authoritative source, you don’t like Nizkor. There many cites that opine on the matter whose reliability is unknown so I did a Google search for
argument from authority fallacy limited to .edu sites. Based on the 1st 10 hits academics are divided over when an argument from authority is improper (see below). Some object only if someone cites an authority does not have expertise in the area others if they do so place of other arguments. I did neither by case doesn’t rest solely on the historians.
You imply your sources are infallible by impugning the eye-witnesses whom you say they chose to ignore.And you of course imply the handful of witnesses you cited “are infallible” when there is a great deal of evidence eye witness testimony is unreliable especially for elderly people, especially for people remembering events that took place decades earlier, especially form people remembering traumatic events.
Nor do I think any one of the researchers is infallible but think it is unlikely that all of the 6 people we know of who looked into this (not counting the LC or Douglas Lockwood whose book you shown no interest in consulting) would reject the numbers you are suggesting unless that is what the evidence indicates.
You offered the testimony of IIRC 4 - 5 witnesses out of thousands of people who were there. How do you know their views are representative of the others? The witnesses gave there accounts as elderly men 50 – 60 years after the event. The historians looked at a larger body of evidence including interviewing survives and examining documentary evidence.
One of the main stumbling blocks for the notion that there were 600 – 800 or more uncounted deaths is that based on what I’ve read none of it proponents can explain whose these people were. It’s difficult to imagine so many military personnel or civilians could so easily disappear without being noticed which leaves migrant workers, Aborigines and refugees but so far I’ve not seen evidence there were significant numbers of any of the above in Darwin that day.
Another problem with such theories is that it makes little sense that the government would admit that 243 – 292 Australian and allied military personnel and local civilians were killed but cover up the deaths of 600+ migrant workers, Aborigines or refugees.
Yet another problem that Grose pointed out, this would mean there many times more people killed that injured in the town something rarely if ever happens in such attacks.
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Please cite specific example of when and where I have used any [logical fallacies]. Here’s you favorite you did it almost every post.
Fallacy of quoting out of context
The practice of quoting out of context, sometimes referred to as "contextomy" or "quote mining", is a logical fallacy and type of false attribution in which a passage is removed from its surrounding matter in such a way as to distort its intended meaning.[1]
[…]
The problem here is not the removal of a quote from its original context (as all quotes are) per se, but to the quoter's decision to exclude from the excerpt certain nearby phrases or sentences (which become "context" by virtue of the exclusion) that serve to clarify the intentions behind the selected words.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_qu..._out_of_contextThe last time you did this was the worst I can remember anyone doing on this or any other forum I participate in, you used a quote referring to Broome as if it were about Darwin.
So you've made up your your mind that it was deliberate (Which is the only way it could be a logical fallacy).
But hang on... didn't you tell Bill in this very same post
"I’m giving him the benefit of the doubt and assuming these were accidents rather that failed attempts to deceive" It is unreasonable to expect a relatively brief entry to cover every possible scenario, I doubt the author anticipated someone would copy and paste a Google result without bothering to open the page. Legally someone who causes death or injury through negligence is liable for their acts. In any case you choose to look at only half the sentence part of the problem is the exclusion of “certain nearby phrases or sentences…that serve to clarify the intentions behind the selected words”
And by the way, you had already conflated Broome and Darwin, so this accusation is kinda ironic...Predictably you still refuse to unambiguously admit error and got your facts wrong again. I never conflated them; I did however include the fatalities in Broome as part of those in northern Australia. As for the meaning of the disputed sentences. I asked members of another forum how they interpreted them. Of the 10 people who voted 7 understood both to refer to “all 97 raids”, 1 thought the 1st referred to Darwin and the 2nd to northern Australia only 2 understood both to refer to “the 64 raids on Darwin” but one said this was unclear. An 11th member said “there's no way from the text to distinguish between meanings…for either sentence” thought it “is a little more likely” they both referred to all 97.
http://forums.randi.org/showthread.php?t=155084 So getting back to matter at hand
1) Your case that 900 plus people were killed in Darwin on February 19 is weak
2) You not produced any evidence the LC were aware of the true death toll.
Search results for
argument from authority fallacy site:.edu1) Lake Superior College
Logical Fallacy “Argument from authority”
Stating that a claim is true because a person or group of perceived authority says it is true. Often this argument is implied by emphasizing the many years of experience, or the formal degrees held by the individual making a specific claim. It is reasonable to give more credit to the claims of those with the proper background, education, and credentials, or to be suspicious of the claims of someone making authoritative statements in an area for which they cannot demonstrate expertise. But the truth of a claim should ultimately rest on logic and evidence, not the authority of the person promoting it.
http://blog.lsc.edu/wipaige/2009/06/16/log...from-authority/2) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Appeal to authority
Definition: Often we add strength to our arguments by referring to respected sources or authorities and explaining their positions on the issues we're discussing. If, however, we try to get readers to agree with us simply by impressing them with a famous name or by appealing to a supposed authority who really isn't much of an expert, we commit the fallacy of appeal to authority.
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Works Consulted
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Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. Thornson Learning, 2000
Lunsford, Andrea and John Ruszkiewicz. Everything's an Argument. Bedford Books, 1998.
Copi, Irving M. and Carl Cohen. Introduction to Logic. Prentice Hall, 1998.
http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/fallacies.html 3) University of Oregon
Here is a list of everyday fallacies take from Peter A. Angeles Dictionary of Philosophy-- published by Barnes and Noble, copyright 1981.
[…]
8. Fallacy of argumentum ad verecundiam (argument to authority or to veneration) [another of my personal favorites]. (a) appealing to authority (including customs, traditions, institutions, etc.) in order to gain acceptance of a point at issue and/or (b) appealing to the feelings of reverence or respect we have of those in authority, or who are famous. Example: "I believe that the statement 'YOu cannot legislate morality' is true, because President Eisenhower said it."
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/fallacies.html 4) Prof. R. Cherubin - George Mason University
An argument from authority claims that the reader should accept something just because a person who is distinguished or accomplished or experienced (in a relevant field, or, in the more egregious cases, in any field) says it is true.
But if the purported authority really is credible in this case, he or she (or the author citing him or her) will provide the reasoning and evidence to show why his or her claims are correct.
www.gmu.edu/courses/phil/ancient/Effective_Argumentation.ppt
5) Texas A&M
Arguments from authority
An argument from authority is arguing that a claim is true because a certain person with authority says it is. In some cases, there is nothing at all wrong with taking someone as an authority for something: if I tell you that I have a serious pain in my left foot, then that's a very good reason for thinking that the proposition "Smith has a serious pain in his left foot" is true. More generally, there are at least two classes of arguments from authorities that are not only quite respectable but also probably unavoidable. The first concerns testimony: we rely on other people's reports of what they have seen, heard, read, etc., and believe things just because people have said them. Of course, this is a limited kind of authority. I can be an authority about what I saw while looking out of my window last night, but hardly of what you saw looking out of your window last Thursday while I was unconscious. The second kind of case is expert opinion: we often believe things just because a doctor, or a mechanic, or a historian has told us so. If relying on the opinions of others in cases like this were always unreasonable, then we'd have a hard time extending our knowledge beyond the present experience of our own lifetimes.
When people criticize arguments as bad arguments from authority, they generally have in mind a case in which someone is supposing that whatever a certain person says is true: "Well, Quine says that reference is always indeterminate, and his word's good enough for me." As you might expect, whether an argument from an authority is a good one in philosophy is liable to become the subject of a philosophical argument itself. However, philosophers would probably agree at least on this: when it comes to philosophical arguments, there are no philosophical authoritie
http://aristotle.tamu.edu/~rasmith/Courses.../fallacies.html 6) UC San Diego
Same as 3)
http://dimension.ucsd.edu/CEIMSA-IN-EXILE/...a0/art0-21.html7) Prof Lance Cooper University of Illinois
(5). Argument from authority
The argument that we should adopt an idea because some respected person tells us to:
“The missile theory has expert witnesses. For example, just before Flight 800 broke into flames, private pilot Sven Faret reported that he saw ‘a little pin flash on the ground.’ In his view, that flash ‘looked like a rocket launch.’”
http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phy...cSkeptic_09.ppt 8) Dr. L. Kip Wheeler - Carson-Newman College
Appeal to Improper Authority (Argumentum Ad Verecundium, literally "argument from that which is improper"): An appeal to an improper authority, such as a famous person or a source that may not be reliable. This fallacy attempts to capitalize upon feelings of respect or familiarity with a famous individual. It is not fallacious to refer to an admitted authority if the individual’s expertise is within a strict field of knowledge. On the other hand, to cite Einstein to settle an argument about education or economics is fallacious. To cite Darwin, an authority on biology, on religious matters is fallacious. To cite Cardinal Spellman on legal problems is fallacious.
http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/fallacies_list.html 9)Introduction to Logic – Lander University
2. Ad verecundiam (argument from authority)
Authority on x, L, says accept p.
p is outside the scope of subject x.
————————————––
p is true.
E.g., H. L. A. Jenkins, the noted international rose expert, has publicly stated that logic is essential to a life of excellence; consequently, it must be so.
http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/fall_summary.html 10) Philosophy 12 - Salk Institute for Biological Studies
When this fallacy is invoked some authority's judgment is put inplace of an argument when the authority is illegitimate and should not be a a surrogate inplace of sound reasoning. An appeal to authority is illegitimate when the purported authority is not an authority in the relevant field, is unidentified, or is particularly likely to be biased in some way
www.snl.salk.edu/~jacobson/Phil12/Handouts/H05%20Fallacies.pdf