If you are still puzzling over the languages at the ECML website, I have
been contacted by CILT who confirm that I got them all right, with a few
suggested additions/corrections:
10. Add Moldovan as well as Romanian
12. Add Bosnian as well as Croatian
35. Azerbajdjanian is known as Azeri
36. Irish
My own comments on the above:
10. Moldovan is a variety of Romanian. Moldova was part of the Soviet Union
and cut off from Romania (which borders it) until the fall of the Berlin
Wall in 1989 - and then the language reverted to its original Roman
alphabet, having been written in Cyrillic under Soviet rule. When Moldova
found its national identity again the language enjoyed a revival.
12. Bosnian is variety of Serbo-Croatian and has also found its identity
now that Bosnia is recognised as a separate country rather than a federal
state of what used to be Yugoslavia. Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian are
mutually comprehensible.
35. Azeri is the correct term for the language.
36. Irish Gaelic and Scots Gaelic are very close. I evaluated an EC-funded
email project in 1994 which involved linking schools in one of the
Gaeltacht regions of Ireland (West Galway) with schools in the Outer
Hebrides in Scotland. The children had few problems understanding written
email exchanges - but it might have been different if they had been
speaking to one another as spoken Gaelic has strong regional variations,
even within the Gaeltacht in Ireland. Welsh (my father's language) -
although part of the same Celtic group of languages - is a lot different
from Gaelic, but some words are similar. While travelling in the Gaeltacht
last year I could make sense of some place names.
Re Moldovan and Bosnian, the difference between a language and a dialect is
often determined by political considerations rather than linguistic
considerations. Max Weinreich described a language thus: "A language is a
dialect with an army and a navy" - or "A shprakh iz a diyalekt mit an armey
un a flot" in the original Yiddish ("Yivo and the problems of our time",
Yivo-Bleter, 1945, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 13.)
I speak and understand High German, but I cannot understand Swiss German or
Bavarian/Tyrolean, both of which are described my many linguists as
dialects of German, but they fulfil the criteria for being considered
different languages from High German. "Eichhörnchen" (squirrel) in German
is "Oachkatzel" in Bavarian/Tyrolean - "Oachkatzelschwoaf" ("squirrel's
tail" and also the name of an alcoholic cocktail) being a shibboleth to
test whether you can really speak Bavarian/Tyrolean. Scots (Lallans, not
Gaelic) and Ulster Scots (Ullans) are classified as different languages
from English. I've often been in situations in Scotland and Northern
Ireland when I have completel failed to understand what was being said to
me - but, having been married to a Belfast Girl for more than 30 years, my
ear is now tuned into Ulster Scots and I understand perfectly expressions
such as "he got a quare gunk" and "thon wee fellow fernenst me". See the
European Minority Languages website:
http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/saoghal/mion-chanain/en/