QUOTE(Nick Dennis @ Oct 9 2005, 12:06 PM) [snapback]46070[/snapback]
Students do receive credit at the moment although it may not be an A-C pass. Maybe you should look at a short course GCSE or change the exam board to help those students who are not performing. The main issue I think is the valuation of the grades, with anything below a C seen as a fail. Society buys into it, and to a certain extent, you are too. For some of the students I teach, a 'D' grade is a massive achievement and I'm very proud of being part of that. Thank goodness we have residuals to show this to the outside (non-teaching) world. Such an achievement should be celebrated for what it is - a personal achievement. Should this not be celebrated in this era of 'personalised education'?
I have a clouded picture of the CSE exam system - all my brothers were made to sit them instead of the 'O' level. They were made to do it because (I think I can say this without a hint of controversy) they are black and were seen as incapable. A generation of young black people in the 70's and 80's were forced to sit the exam because of racial stereotyping. That is not to say ALL teachers held these stereotypes but racial stereotyping was much more obvious in society in general at the time - remember the idea of the 'Enemy Within', the various riots, the prominent role of the NF? I do, mainly because I lived in London and experienced many of the prejudices myself. Would I rather have a system that curbs the cultural predilections of the powerful but still has flaws? Yes please.
I would really like to see what a vocational GCSE History course looks like. I know OCR is running a pilot scheme that includes more practical elements. Is anyone actually running it/going to be running it?
I fear that if History became a core subject, certain restrictions would be placed on what is taught. Have you read anything by Rob Phillips? He has done a lot of work on the creation/problems of the history curriculum.
One of the appalling aspects of the 0/CSE system was that racism sometimes played a part in the teacher’s decision to place students in certain exam groups. However, I would argue that it is also an issue of class. It is a truism that all teachers are middle class. The examination system reflects middle class culture. Their judgements are influenced by their own cultural values. As Basil Bernstein pointed out many years ago, in academic work in schools, we insist that students use what he calls the “elaborated code”. This is the language of the middle classes. Therefore, to do well at school, working class children need to learn a new language. This of course puts them at an immediate disadvantage and most fail to make this transition. Even those that do, they suffer because their parents find it difficult to give them the support that they need (all research shows that it is what goes on in the home rather than the school that is the major influence on academic achievement).
The research that explained the class nature of educational achievement mainly took place in the 1960s and 1970s (Basil Bernstein, Colin Lacy, David Hargreaves, Douglas Barnes, Douglas Holly, Brian Jackson, Dennis Marsden, Geoff Whitty, Stephen Ball, etc.). One of the consequences of this research was the introduction of Comprehensive schools. However, as these researchers pointed out, this would not end this problem (see Stephen Ball’s Beachside Comprehensive). Nor would common exams. However, both these reforms were important as it was thought that it was reduce the power of teachers making judgements based on class and race.
When I was at school I refused to learn this “elaborated code” (so did my brother and sister). As a result I left school without qualifications. However, all three of us became involved in politics, found out how the system worked, studied in our spare time, took the necessary exams and entered the middle classes. Our children of course benefited from their middle class environment and have had little difficulty dealing with our education system.
The reforms that took place in the 1960s and 1970s have been undermined since the Tories took power in 1979. This resulted in a tiered approach to education. This included the structure of the schools and the examination system. It is now forgotten that the 1960s reformers were not only calling for comprehensive education but for mixed ability teaching. One of the first things that Thatcher did was to apply pressure on the teacher training institutions to remove the “politics” out of the training. This is why so many teachers (see the debates that we used to have on the Schools History Forum) do not understand the political aspects of schooling.
Blair has mirrored the policies of Thatcher and virtually all of his reforms have undermined the original ideas behind comprehensive education. After all, how can we expect him to understand the problem, after all, he is a public school boy who has had no experience of what it is like to be a working class person trying to survive in a middle class system.