John Bevilaqua

In his book The Man Who Knew Too Much, (Carroll & Graf 1992, p 395), Russell credits Anthony Summers' book Conspiracy as his source. Summers' interview with Delphine Roberts was particularly telling. John Simkin mentioned that interview when he started this thread. Missed that somehow and I was quoting another source who referenced Russell's book as if it was the direct citation. What is your take on the confluence of evidence pinpointing Banister as what I now consider to be one of the Top Ten lynch pins in the entire JFK conundrum? Have you always considered Banister a big time, major JFK conspirator and has this series of incriminating links surrounding these "sinister Southern racists" affected your opinion of Banister, Eastland, Morris and Draper at all? And how about Operation Red Cross and what Weyl said about no CIA representation being allowed? Taken together, if you buy into all of this as described by and as ascribed to Weyl, Eastland, Morris, Banister, Draper and Company, has got to be considered one of the "blockbuster breakthroughs" in the last few years, no? Those who hold to the "CIA-centric" view of Operation Red Cross and the roles of Banister, Eastland and Draper will have a hard time swallowing any of this, of course, but you seem more open to this conceptual and perceptual interpretation, am I correct?

Recently discovered evidence of Banister's role with the Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, through the auspices of Senator James O. Eastland and DeLesseps Morrison, former mayor of New Orleans indicates to me that Banister not only played a very important role in setting up the Oswald legend from scratch but he also was very active in anti-Civil Rights operations at the behest of both James O. Eastland and Wickliffe P. Draper and Leander Perez the political boss of Plaquemines Parish which was Jim Garrison's election district. 1) Banister and Ferrie were allegedly sighted at the Clinton, LA voter registration drive involving Oswald. 2) Banister has been identified by Dick Russell as the person behind the Oswald FPCC leafletting campaign. The leaflets were stamped with 544 Camp Street, in the same office building as Banister. 3) Banister apparently worked for James Eastland's Senate Internal Security Sub-committee in all of these roles. 4) Eastland was on the payroll of Wickliffe P. Draper as head of Draper's Genetics Committee at SISS. 5) Draper was the MAIN SUPPORTER of The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, a project of James Eastland, to the tune of over $250,000 according to Doug Blackmon in the June 11, 1999 issue of The Wall Street Journal. 6) Eastland (and perhaps Thomas J. Dodd as well) set-up Oswald to order a mail-order Manlicher-Carcano from Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago and that was later used by the Warren Commission to further implicate Oswald. 7) Banister headed up The Anti-Communist League of the Caribbean which later was rolled into the World Anti-Communist League and became one of its major delegate contributors with 10-12 Latin American and Central American nations later represented. 8) Banister was a John Bircher of the first magnitude and circled in the orbit of some of the South's most virulent and violent anti-Communists, anti-Liberals and anti-Civil Rights activists. 9) I believe his office was in the same building as United Fruit who listed people like Allen Dulles, John Foster Dulles, the Paines, the Cabots, the Lodges, Gen. Robert E. Wood from America First and the American Security Council and of course Andrew Preston, Wickliffe Draper's cousin from Boston Fruit as major shareholders over the decades. 10) James Eastland was one of the primary movers and shakers behind Operation Red Cross (Operation Tilt) also known as The Bayo/Pawley Affair which almost everyone agrees was an attempt at the Character Assassination of JFK. After it's failure, the plot turned into the REAL THING. Senator Barry Goldwater was going to be the primary beneficiary if Bayo had indeed been able to produce any Russian Missile Officers. Nathaniel Weyl stated that Operation Red Cross, specifically DID NOT have a CIA COMPONENT to it, after the demands of Eddie Bayo and Co. My conclusion, is therefore 100% diametrically opposed to the concept that William Guy Banister was small potatoes in the JFK conundrum. While he was not CIA, like Garrison claimed, he was certainly one of the Top 3 conspirators and plotters in the New Orleans area. Maybe there are some who would automatically disqualify Baniser BECAUSE HE WAS NOT CIA, but that would be a grossly egregious error in judgment IMHO. Guy Banister should be pursued because he was so close to 4 of the Top Ten JFK Conspirators: Senator James O. Eastland, Robert J. Morris, Leander Perez who organized the Jung Hotel meeting in New Orleans the week before the JFK hit, and Wickliffe Preston Draper. Banister either headed up or was a major organizer in Five of the Top Ten organizations behind the plot to murder JFK: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee of Eastland, Dodd and ...ahem Robert J. ("Mr. McCarthyism") Morris Eastland's chief counsel on SISS, The John Birch Society of Morris, Willoughby and Walker, the World Anti-Communist League, The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission of Eastland and Draper and Wickliffe Draper's Draper Eugenics Committee on SISS and The Pioneer Fund. The role of Banister in the JFK hit was MASSIVE, ALL-PERVASIVE, ALL-INCLUSIVE and ALL-ENCOMPASSING. To say otherwise, is IN MY HONEST OPINION, very short-sighted. I have now raised Banister's ranking to include him as a TOP TEN JFK Conspirator after being sent the attached memo and other articles, indicating that Banister was considered one of the primary MSC investigators, one of Oswald's main legend builders, and a close confidante of both Draper, Morris and Eastland. End of argument?

The President and the Press: Address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association President John F. Kennedy Waldorf-Astoria Hotel New York City, April 27, 1961 audio Listen to this speech Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen: I appreciate very much your generous invitation to be here tonight. You bear heavy responsibilities these days and an article I read some time ago reminded me of how particularly heavily the burdens of present day events bear upon your profession. You may remember that in 1851 the New York Herald Tribune under the sponsorship and publishing of Horace Greeley, employed as its London correspondent an obscure journalist by the name of Karl Marx. We are told that foreign correspondent Marx, stone broke, and with a family ill and undernourished, constantly appealed to Greeley and managing editor Charles Dana for an increase in his munificent salary of $5 per installment, a salary which he and Engels ungratefully labeled as the "lousiest petty bourgeois cheating." But when all his financial appeals were refused, Marx looked around for other means of livelihood and fame, eventually terminating his relationship with the Tribune and devoting his talents full time to the cause that would bequeath the world the seeds of Leninism, Stalinism, revolution and the cold war. If only this capitalistic New York newspaper had treated him more kindly; if only Marx had remained a foreign correspondent, history might have been different. And I hope all publishers will bear this lesson in mind the next time they receive a poverty-stricken appeal for a small increase in the expense account from an obscure newspaper man. I have selected as the title of my remarks tonight "The President and the Press." Some may suggest that this would be more naturally worded "The President Versus the Press." But those are not my sentiments tonight. It is true, however, that when a well-known diplomat from another country demanded recently that our State Department repudiate certain newspaper attacks on his colleague it was unnecessary for us to reply that this Administration was not responsible for the press, for the press had already made it clear that it was not responsible for this Administration. Nevertheless, my purpose here tonight is not to deliver the usual assault on the so-called one party press. On the contrary, in recent months I have rarely heard any complaints about political bias in the press except from a few Republicans. Nor is it my purpose tonight to discuss or defend the televising of Presidential press conferences. I think it is highly beneficial to have some 20,000,000 Americans regularly sit in on these conferences to observe, if I may say so, the incisive, the intelligent and the courteous qualities displayed by your Washington correspondents. Nor, finally, are these remarks intended to examine the proper degree of privacy which the press should allow to any President and his family. If in the last few months your White House reporters and photographers have been attending church services with regularity, that has surely done them no harm. On the other hand, I realize that your staff and wire service photographers may be complaining that they do not enjoy the same green privileges at the local golf courses that they once did. It is true that my predecessor did not object as I do to pictures of one's golfing skill in action. But neither on the other hand did he ever bean a Secret Service man. My topic tonight is a more sober one of concern to publishers as well as editors. I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. Whatever our hopes may be for the future--for reducing this threat or living with it--there is no escaping either the gravity or the totality of its challenge to our survival and to our security--a challenge that confronts us in unaccustomed ways in every sphere of human activity. This deadly challenge imposes upon our society two requirements of direct concern both to the press and to the President--two requirements that may seem almost contradictory in tone, but which must be reconciled and fulfilled if we are to meet this national peril. I refer, first, to the need for a far greater public information; and, second, to the need for far greater official secrecy. I The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited to justify it. Even today, there is little value in opposing the threat of a closed society by imitating its arbitrary restrictions. Even today, there is little value in insuring the survival of our nation if our traditions do not survive with it. And there is very grave danger that an announced need for increased security will be seized upon by those anxious to expand its meaning to the very limits of official censorship and concealment. That I do not intend to permit to the extent that it is in my control. And no official of my Administration, whether his rank is high or low, civilian or military, should interpret my words here tonight as an excuse to censor the news, to stifle dissent, to cover up our mistakes or to withhold from the press and the public the facts they deserve to know. But I do ask every publisher, every editor, and every newsman in the nation to reexamine his own standards, and to recognize the nature of our country's peril. In time of war, the government and the press have customarily joined in an effort based largely on self-discipline, to prevent unauthorized disclosures to the enemy. In time of "clear and present danger," the courts have held that even the privileged rights of the First Amendment must yield to the public's need for national security. Today no war has been declared--and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired. If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent. It requires a change in outlook, a change in tactics, a change in missions--by the government, by the people, by every businessman or labor leader, and by every newspaper. For we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence--on infiltration instead of invasion, on subversion instead of elections, on intimidation instead of free choice, on guerrillas by night instead of armies by day. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources into the building of a tightly knit, highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations. Its preparations are concealed, not published. Its mistakes are buried, not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced, not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. It conducts the Cold War, in short, with a war-time discipline no democracy would ever hope or wish to match. Nevertheless, every democracy recognizes the necessary restraints of national security--and the question remains whether those restraints need to be more strictly observed if we are to oppose this kind of attack as well as outright invasion. For the facts of the matter are that this nation's foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery or espionage; that details of this nation's covert preparations to counter the enemy's covert operations have been available to every newspaper reader, friend and foe alike; that the size, the strength, the location and the nature of our forces and weapons, and our plans and strategy for their use, have all been pinpointed in the press and other news media to a degree sufficient to satisfy any foreign power; and that, in at least in one case, the publication of details concerning a secret mechanism whereby satellites were followed required its alteration at the expense of considerable time and money. The newspapers which printed these stories were loyal, patriotic, responsible and well-meaning. Had we been engaged in open warfare, they undoubtedly would not have published such items. But in the absence of open warfare, they recognized only the tests of journalism and not the tests of national security. And my question tonight is whether additional tests should not now be adopted. The question is for you alone to answer. No public official should answer it for you. No governmental plan should impose its restraints against your will. But I would be failing in my duty to the nation, in considering all of the responsibilities that we now bear and all of the means at hand to meet those responsibilities, if I did not commend this problem to your attention, and urge its thoughtful consideration. On many earlier occasions, I have said--and your newspapers have constantly said--that these are times that appeal to every citizen's sense of sacrifice and self-discipline. They call out to every citizen to weigh his rights and comforts against his obligations to the common good. I cannot now believe that those citizens who serve in the newspaper business consider themselves exempt from that appeal. I have no intention of establishing a new Office of War Information to govern the flow of news. I am not suggesting any new forms of censorship or any new types of security classifications. I have no easy answer to the dilemma that I have posed, and would not seek to impose it if I had one. But I am asking the members of the newspaper profession and the industry in this country to reexamine their own responsibilities, to consider the degree and the nature of the present danger, and to heed the duty of self-restraint which that danger imposes upon us all. Every newspaper now asks itself, with respect to every story: "Is it news?" All I suggest is that you add the question: "Is it in the interest of the national security?" And I hope that every group in America--unions and businessmen and public officials at every level-- will ask the same question of their endeavors, and subject their actions to the same exacting tests. And should the press of America consider and recommend the voluntary assumption of specific new steps or machinery, I can assure you that we will cooperate whole-heartedly with those recommendations. Perhaps there will be no recommendations. Perhaps there is no answer to the dilemma faced by a free and open society in a cold and secret war. In times of peace, any discussion of this subject, and any action that results, are both painful and without precedent. But this is a time of peace and peril which knows no precedent in history. II It is the unprecedented nature of this challenge that also gives rise to your second obligation--an obligation which I share. And that is our obligation to inform and alert the American people--to make certain that they possess all the facts that they need, and understand them as well--the perils, the prospects, the purposes of our program and the choices that we face. No President should fear public scrutiny of his program. For from that scrutiny comes understanding; and from that understanding comes support or opposition. And both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the Administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. For I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed. I not only could not stifle controversy among your readers--I welcome it. This Administration intends to be candid about its errors; for as a wise man once said: "An error does not become a mistake until you refuse to correct it." We intend to accept full responsibility for our errors; and we expect you to point them out when we miss them. Without debate, without criticism, no Administration and no country can succeed--and no republic can survive. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Solon decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And that is why our press was protected by the First Amendment-- the only business in America specifically protected by the Constitution- -not primarily to amuse and entertain, not to emphasize the trivial and the sentimental, not to simply "give the public what it wants"--but to inform, to arouse, to reflect, to state our dangers and our opportunities, to indicate our crises and our choices, to lead, mold, educate and sometimes even anger public opinion. This means greater coverage and analysis of international news--for it is no longer far away and foreign but close at hand and local. It means greater attention to improved understanding of the news as well as improved transmission. And it means, finally, that government at all levels, must meet its obligation to provide you with the fullest possible information outside the narrowest limits of national security--and we intend to do it. III It was early in the Seventeenth Century that Francis Bacon remarked on three recent inventions already transforming the world: the compass, gunpowder and the printing press. Now the links between the nations first forged by the compass have made us all citizens of the world, the hopes and threats of one becoming the hopes and threats of us all. In that one world's efforts to live together, the evolution of gunpowder to its ultimate limit has warned mankind of the terrible consequences of failure. And so it is to the printing press--to the recorder of man's deeds, the keeper of his conscience, the courier of his news--that we look for strength and assistance, confident that with your help man will be what he was born to be: free and independent.

The issues with the CIA and Army Intel operations in Iran (for Big Oil) and in Guatamala (for United Fruit which started out as The Boston Fruit Company, owned by Andrew Preston and Wickliffe Preston Draper) did not start in 1954. The history of Gen. Smedley Butler who wrote: "War is a Racket", after he served as the Military Police in waging campaigns against more than a handful of other "Banana Dictators" by fighting various "Banana Wars" from the 1920's and thereafter is even more telling and more pervasive than anyone probably realizes. Butler ended up being chosen as the "Knight on a White Horse" in the first "Plot to Seize the White House" sponsored by J. P. Morgan, John J. Raskob from Chase Bank and the Draper related consortium of military and industrial robber barons. My research into The Boston Metals Processing Company in Baltimore, MD and Baldt Anchor and Chain in Chester, PA, shows how an otherwise patriotic group of organizations ostensibly formed and subsidized for the common good and National Defense can be taken over by the likes of Ray S. Cline, Harold B. Chait, Morris Schapiro, John Singlaub, Daniel Graham, Roger Pearson, etc. and turned into their own personal retirement plans and private military armies. What Chait and Cline did with the money laundered through the Bank of Maryland to finance the plot against JFK, and what Singlaub, Cline, Graham and others did to launder more money for Iran-Contra resulted in multiple affronts against humanity and this conduit continues to be a threat against Democracy. What is needed is legislation, with a very strict enforcement and watchdog arm, to shut down these money-laundering conduits and put people like Cline, Chait, Singlaub, Graham and others in jail for their reliance upon covert means to finance private wars for their personal advancement, aggrandizement and profit. There should be legislation passed preventing any group of retired military officers and intelligence operatives from ever engaging in similar covert, extra-legal operations ever again.

Hey, Vince Palamara and all the others were "wedged" when they first proposed the concept that the Secret Service could have done "anything" differently which would have prevented JFK from being murdered. Slowed down, sped up, zigged when they should have zagged.... nothing would have helped. Nothing. Only putting up a "Popemobile" bubble would have helped or canceling the entire motorcade. Other than that.... nothing. Stop looking for U.S. Gov. conspiracy everywhere you look. Why not examine the "new evidence" which involves the orbit of characters surrounding Senator James O. Eastland and Robert Morris from SISS, The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, including their lead investigator, Guy Banister, Leander Perez, Sam Crutchfield, Jesse Helms, James O. Eastland and Wickliffe Draper from the Pioneer Fund, too and The Draper Genetics Committee also financed by Wickliffe Draper and run by Senator James O. Eastland. You will quickly find out that it was this combination of Oswald "framers and fabricators" consisting of Guy Banister with the Oswald leafleting campaigns from 544 Camp Street, Senator James O. Eastland with the Klein's Sporting Goods mail-order rifle purchase and the Clinton, LA voter registration drive plus Robert Morris, Gerald LK Smith, and Dr. Revilo P. Oliver with their post-assassination attempts to frame Oswald as a Communist and an assassin on the CIA payroll, who did the WHOLE ENCHILADA from top to bottom. THE WHOLE THING DUDES. Wool over your eyes to boot. And these same guys pulled off Operation Red Cross which was supposed to frame JFK and perform a Character Assassination on him which would cause him to be impeached forthwith or to lose the next election to Goldwater at whose Arizona Ranch this Press Conference showing off the Russian Missile Officers was going to be held. Straight from Weyl's mouth, too. While sober, and in full capacity of his senses, he was. And now it seems the concept of Jim Garrison as a White Knight in search of the truth has been thrown into a "cocked hat", too. Garrison was completely in the back pocket of Leander Perez, the political boss of Plaquemines Parish, who actually organized and presided over the infamous Jung Hotel Meeting where Dallas Bircher Edwin A. Walker was a featured speaker, the week before the JFK hit as described by Dr. Jerry Rose. Is there anyone still left who thinks that either David Ferrie or Clay Shaw wearing Mardi Gras makeup, Queen of the Ball costumes and dressed in drag would EVER have been allowed into the CIA? I think not! And Banister in the CIA? I doubt it. He was just a stupid beat cop from Chicago. Time to reconsider EVERYTHING dudes! Starting NOW! The solution stretches from the Operation Red Cross crowd right through those operating under the auspices of The Red Cross of the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, organized by Senator Jesse Helms, the Hunt family from Dallas and Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton who joined up with Willoughby at the Shickshinny Knights of Malta and Draper's General Pedro A. del Valle and also with Draper at the British Eugenics Society and with Hitler when he and his brother hosted Rudolph Hess during his midnight drop into England to visit with The Cliveden Set who wanted to appease Hitler. And this solution only needed a handful of little elves from the CIA, and most of them were doing it as Birchers or as Nazis or as Eugenicists, not as card-carrying CIA agents either. Merry Christmas. Follow that little Red Star over Bethlehem as it passes through Jerusalem and right into the OSJ and the OSJL crowds involved with Eugenic solutions to everything. And when you hear the Sisssssss... coming from those snakes at SISS like Eastland, McCarthy, Robert Morris and their investigators like J.B. Mathews, and several others then you know they are about to strike. And strike hard. Trace the 3 roles of SISS with setting up Oswald and you will begin to know what I mean. SISS did all of the Oswald scapegoating (pre and post assassination) when you count the role of Banister with Oswald at 544 Camp Street and the leafleting campaign. SISS was omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient and omnipowerful sort of like a God. SISS it was, SISS it is and SISS it will always be. Game, Set, Match.

Did the Mob kill JFK? Unless you consider The John Birch Society, The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, the World Anti-Communist League, the Pioneer Fund, SISS or The Shickshinny Knights of Malta to be a "Mob" then I would say the answer is decidedly NO! Nothing like beating a dead horse or raising straw men! Here is a Full Text Searchable Index of CTKA for anyone to use: http://www.5000Watches.com/CTKA There are only about a half dozen hits on CTKA for "John Birch" and zero hits on either Shickshinny, Draper, Robert Morris or Vonsiatsky. To me that is just amazing, just totally non-comprehensible. Try some others like Misssissippi, WACL, Eastland, Sovereign, Knights of Malta, "Jesse Helms", "Strom Thurmond", SISS, HUAC, Willoughby, del Valle, Buckley, YAF, Congress of Freedom, Milteer, ANP, George Lincoln Rockwell, MacArthur, McCarthy, etc. That is not to say that one can not use the CTKA site to obtain some more gigantic gems of information, however. Having established in a previous post that Guy Banister was NOT WITH THE CIA, but rather in the employ of both Robert J. Morris and Senator James O. Eastland as well as the Mississippi Sovereignty Commission of Wickliffe Preston Draper since that Greenwood, Mississippi meeting with Eastland and Morris, this note from a review of Dick Russell's TMWKTM on the CTKA site has just GIGANTIC IMPLICATIONS: "From here, Russell describes some of the characters and events from Oswald's last summer on earth. Which he spent in New Orleans with a now famous cast of characters. He quotes William Gaudet saying he saw Oswald leafleting and Oswald did not know what he was doing. Guy Banister had put him up to it. (p. 253)" Hope you folks realize the implications of what is being said here. Banister was NEVER in the CIA, even Reitzes saw through that little ruse, but he WAS in the orbit of these obvious SISS operatives, like Eastland, Draper, Morris and company including Leander Perez the political boss of Plaquemines Parish, all of whom had been handling Oswald for years now for some yet to be determined role, from Klein's Sporting Goods through the Clinton, LA Voter Registration, maybe even the adolescent truancy study involving Oswald, and now even including the FPCC Leafleting Incident with Oswald and Banister. And weren't either Morris, Eastland or Banister involved with those studies of truants in New Orleans as well where they probably first discovered Oswald and realized his potential as a programmed assassin? Help me out here. Then people like H. Werner Klopfer helped out by monitoring both his progress and his potential as a Candidate (Manchurian). After Raikin highjacked Oswald from the docks in Hoboken and sent him to de Mohrenschildt he was in front of Klopfer shortly after that, correct? And both Raikin, Willoughby and Nunez Portuendo were involved together at the Foreign Intel Digest of Stetsko's ABN right? Just show me where there is any CIA involvement in this orbit of characters! Sounds like a bunch of White Russians, Fascists, John Birchers, Pioneer Fund types, SISS members, Eugenicists and miscellaneous malcontents. Garrison was indebted to and dependent upon the racist boss of Plaquemines Parish for his very existence and I am sure that nothing he would find would ever point back to the person who held Garrison's political future in his hands. Guy Banister, as a paid agent of Eastland, Morris and Draper had the sole role of setting Oswald up in as many ways as he possibly could. And set him up, he did. And so did both Angel and Leopoldo, one of whom was the person whose name appeared as the tenant in my neighbor's house rented out by Bernard Barker's Keyes Realty. And Robert Morris lived only 3 doors away on the same street in Grapeland Heights. Now do you know why I feel that not only was I an "eyewitness to history" but also the only one in that category who actually has pursued the case as an investigator? And a damn good one, too, if I may say so myself. Banister worked for Eastland, Draper and Morris since at least 1956 and perhaps even before that going back to the days of McCarthyism. And Draper was the one who paid Dr. Hans J. Eysenck to give him the secrets of MK/ULTRA which old Hans could easily have stolen during his official work on that project. Damn. Damn. Damn. And I only overlooked or minimized the possible roles of Banister in the past because I just felt that Garrison was way off base in even thinking that either Ferrie or Banister were ever in the CIA, or even considered CIA material for that matter. And I always suspected Leander Perez who ostensibly called that meeting at the Jung Hotel in New Orleans the week before the JFK hit of some very strong involvement in the JFK hit. Harry Augusts Jung, the owner of the Jung Hotel even once employed Albert Osborne there, the person running those Oaxaca, Mexico assassination mills. Jung once ran the American Vigilante Intelligence Assoc., a Draper project, along with that Army Major and his son, who worked with Draper on the Amer Coalition of Patriotic Societies and as a Director of The Pioneer Fund, Major John B. Trevor, Sr. and Jr. Turns out that John B. Trevor, Sr. was also a big time Eugenicist and a Hitler supporter as well and later with the American Security Council of Morris, Willoughby, Angleton and Cline. Damn. Damn. Damn. And now Garrison starts smelling like a Leander Perez crony in the back pocket of the boss of Plaquemines Parish, who was actually in on the cover-up ruse, rather than really being a citizen in search of the truth in the Kennedy assassination. Damn. Damn. How many others fall into that category do you think? Hundreds, dude, hundreds. Damn. I could have solved this 20 years ago given enough time, money and resources. 20 years ago. I coulda been a contendah! And how did I even come up with this reference in the New Orleans Times-Picayune from 1956 to that Guy Banister, DeLesseps Morrison and James Eastland meeting in Greenwood about the MissSovComm? (Susan Klopfer, in her blog and perhpaps in her book, too, originally wrote that this meeting involved a "Robert Morrison" but she was incorrect on this score. Thanks to Bill O'Neill for pointing this out to me. At the time of that meeting, Robert Morris was either the current or the former Chief Counsel to James Eastland and Thomas J. Dodd on SISS, which is how she probably made that mistake. But for her to be able to link together James Eastland and Guy Banister and the MissSovComm and Draper is a major feat of research regardless.) When you combine this piece of information with what I have just published about Operation Red Cross, which in fact was also a non-CIA sponsored SISS-based Senatorial project of James O. Eastland, Barry Goldwater, Nathaniel Weyl, William Pawley and probably Wickliffe Draper, you begin to see why these 2 stories when taken together essentially confirm major portions of my central thesis first proposed way back in the early 1990's. It was Draper, Morris, Banister, Eastland and both MissSovComm and SISS and Company who handled Oswald, who framed him, who used him as their agent and who placed him in Dealey Plaza. And it was indeed Morris, Willoughby, Draper and Vonsiatsky who snuffed JFK. Game, Set and Match. In 1993 a wrote about the DEATH anagram: Draper, Eastland, Angleton, Thurmond and Helms (and The Pioneer Fund and OSJL) Not much has changed in over 15 years on that score. Just more info to CEMENT that thesis as Gospel. Oh ye of little Faith. Now you have spent another 15 years dancing around the mulberry bush with little or no progress. Having fun yet? By doing a Google on myself, that's how. I think I used my name, Draper and Mississippi with or without the Klopfer or Eastland names and I found the link on Susan Klopfer's website about Eastland, Draper, Banister, the MissSovComm and COLD CIVIL RIGHTS CASES related to the State of Mississippi. What goes around, comes around. Imagine that! Amazing! Just amazing. Sometimes I manage to even impress myself, and this is indeed one of them. And I just indexed CTKA for grins and giggles then I find out that it was Guy Banister who put Oswald up to that little self-incrimination ruse. Guy "MissSovComm" Banister from that 544 Camp Street address. Damn.

Jack, you could not find a "technical mistake", nor understand it if it bit you on the asp. Witness you gross inability to understand even a simple shadow. www.craiglamson.com/apollo.htm Get back to us when you have the very first clue about photography. When I briefly interviewed Marina Oswald at the Harvard JFK Conference in perhaps 1994-1995 she was very helpful in discussing the circumstances surrounding the Oswald backyard photo shoot with me, explaining the time that elapsed while she went inside first to change the film which had run out and then later to check on the pot roast in the oven. When I asked her what she thought about the critical comments made by Jack White, she said: "Jack White, who is this Jack White anyway? I have never talked to him. I have never got a letter from him. I have never heard of him. And he is criticizing me and what I said about taking these pictures? Who is he anyway? He was not even there." My sentiments exactly. And I think I know who Jack White's shadow really is. But only The Shadow Knows! <Removed - Rule violation> I have talked to Marina many times. She used to call me frequently on the phone. In a week long symposium in Nebraska, I spoke with her several times. We both sat out an hour long presentation by Craig Roberts on the MC rifle, because we both had seen it the previous day. We sat on a lobby sofa side by side for an hour and I had the opportunity to ask her many questions. I also told her about all of the proofs of her husband being an agent. She was a chain smoker and consumed two full packs of cigarettes as we sat there. She was next on the program, and commented on our conversation in the lobby, saying at one point..."LEE, OR WHOEVER IT WAS I WAS MARRIED TO..." So the statement about Marina not knowing Jack White is wrong. <removed - rule violation> Make of that what you will. Jack No it is not. What year was that alleged Nebraska forum anyway? And did you ever discuss with her your conclusions about the backyard photos which attempt to make her out to be a xxxx? Did you EVER talk to her about the backyard photos? She said (as of 1995) that she never heard of you, and that no one named Jack White ever had asked her about the backyard photos? Are you calling her a xxxx as well? I have a witness to that conversation outside the Harvard conference. <removed - rule violation>. Make of that what you will.

Jack, you could not find a "technical mistake", nor understand it if it bit you on the asp. Witness you gross inability to understand even a simple shadow. www.craiglamson.com/apollo.htm Get back to us when you have the very first clue about photography. When I briefly interviewed Marina Oswald at the Harvard JFK Conference in perhaps 1994-1995 she was very helpful in discussing the circumstances surrounding the Oswald backyard photo shoot with me, explaining the time that elapsed while she went inside first to change the film which had run out and then later to check on the pot roast in the oven. When I asked her what she thought about the critical comments made by Jack White, she said: "Jack White, who is this Jack White anyway? I have never talked to him. I have never got a letter from him. I have never heard of him. And he is criticizing me and what I said about taking these pictures? Who is he anyway? He was not even there." My sentiments exactly. And I think I know who Jack White's shadow really is. But only The Shadow Knows!

Well, you might in fact, be "reading something into" this entire rendition as the facts morphed or evolved over the decades. 1) Nathaniel Weyl specifically said that Bayo and Company, and by logical extension all the other anti-Castro exiles, wanted NOTHING to do with the CIA after the Bay of Pigs. To me that means NOTHING to do with the CIA at Operation Red Cross and NOTHING to do with the non-rogue and non-trusted CIA officers during the Miami plot to assassinate JFK OR the Dallas plot to assassinate JFK. Bet that throws about 296+ illogical and biased theories (mostly the ones that included non-existent CIA contributions) into a cocked hat, now doesn't it? 2) Nathaniel Weyl gave the reasons why Bayo and his lying friends were executed on the spot when they returned with nothing but a posse of Cubans chasing after them riding patrol boats with spotlights and flying search planes with even more spotlights. Even if Weyl and his entourage were spotted, identified or worse yet trapped or cornered and boarded, there would be no incriminating evidence to tie them to this most recent boom and bang operation. 3) Weyl also indicated to me that he and his friends were close enough to shore to hear that boom and bang operation while it was ongoing. Weyl's lies for public consumption included a fabrication which indicated that he believed the landing party never landed because their boat was "swamped by a passing freighter" or whatever. In fact, once they landed and fired shots on foreign soil, the provisions for violations of The Neutrality Act kicked in, and he had to change his story to eliminate obvious self-incrimination in this felony. 4) Then to exonerate himself and all his associates from the murder charges he puts them at the bottom of the ocean BEFORE they even land. Sounds all very logical to me? Nathaniel Weyl in my estimation is a practiced professional xxxx and prevaricator. He willingly and wittingly made up lies about Alger Hiss in an attempt to smear him and to implicate him as a communist, spy and a traitor and now he goes to his grave as someone with at least 2 felony convictions hanging over his head. His name is MUD in my book and all the history books in the future should include these references. Nathaniel "mud-slinger" Weyl just another dirty, rotten scoundrel, and a total McCarthyite bastidge with Eugenicist right-wing John Bircher predilections. How much lower can you go? Not much further. Plus he was a Draper and Osborne Eugenicist, a Racist, a pro-Nazi and a McCarthyite Fascist par excellence. Pat, you were saying: "It makes no sense." Au contraire, what you are saying makes no sense in light of what I know about this incident and about all the persons involved.

Am I reading this right? Are you claiming the CIA and Pawley killed Bayo and his crew? If so, why? It makes no sense. It only makes sense, furthermore, that if f they'd known these men to be dead, they would have exploited this in the Cuban community. Imagine the mileage they'd have gained from some phony story claiming Castro's agents murdered these men in cold blood, etc. Weyl was a member of this forum, and seemed quite earnest in his inability to remember much when questioned. I began to give him grief on this, but then thought better of it after I realized he was over ninety years old. When I talked to him perhaps 5-6 years ago, maybe more, he was quite lucid, in full charge of his senses and his memory and quite talkative, too. And, yes, I told him that what he just described to me made him an accessory to murder, and a bona fide violator of The Neutrality Act as well and he stammered, stuttered and harrumphed as well. It was only later that I read where he concocted that story about this gigantic ocean going vessel plowing between the mother ship and the shoreline, running parallel to he shoreline which allegedly swamped the speed boat. Well bull crap to that as well. There is no frigging way that these little rafts, inflated with air could have made it out to a point 10 miles from shore after trying to murder Castro or after running a major boom and bang operation against Castro. No way in hell. And how about trying to find the mother ship in the pitch black darkness? Again, no way in hell. I honestly can not recall whether he said that these rafts were oar powered or motorboat powered but to cover 10 miles at 10 miles an hour would have taken an hour. 1) The mother ship was within the 10-mile statutory limit. 2) Weyl only added this little safety zone buffer after I called him a 2-time felon and a Neutrality Act violator. 3) Weyl only made up this ocean going vessel story with the wake allegedly swamping the speed boat story long after I put the fear of God in him. How many vessels large enough to swamp a speed boat would be travelling left to right within 5 miles of shore in the middle of the night anyway? Another total fabrication. Most ocean going vessels that large would be going nose in, perpendicular to the shore, within well defined, well lighted, channels in order to avoid scraping bottom. 4) Weyl described with a certain glee in his voice the pleasure with which he watched these "lying sons of bitches" and infiltrators sink beneath the surface, riddled with 50-cal machine gun bullets, and weighed down by their boots, gunbelts and ammo clips. 5) He stated that these infiltrators had tried to make fools of the entire crew, by making up the stories about the alleged Russian Missile Officers and he indicated that the terrible swift sword and the 50-caliber machine guns had been used as cover upon their departure since they were suspected of possibly leading the boat into some sort of ambush, and then used to wreak revenge and punishment because they returned empty handed. When everyone realized that they had been had, the response was swift, sure and lethal, very lethal. Bayo and company were not even allowed to board the mother ship. They were shot as they sat in the raft or rafts. Plain and simple. It is also possible that Weyl mentioned that whoever was in charge of the mission, was worried that if they were caught near Cuban shores with these commandoes in tow or on board, that it would have been a very difficult thing to establish plausible deniablility as I am sure you can understand. 6) "A review of Cuban army documents relating to the capture or killing of anti-Castro raiders, (based on) research done in June 1997, revealed no record of Bayo." No body, no evidence, no record of ever catching the infiltrators. EXACTLY what Weyl had described to me. 7) As to your bald faced "assumption" about the role of the CIA in this little gambit. Even Weyl put that to rest when he related how John Martino in an article in 2003, who was a close friend of Dr. Revilo P. Oliver a founder of the John Birch Society where they often appeared together on the John Birch Speaker's Tour Platforms, was the one who actually approached Nathaniel Weyl, a Eugenicist and a right wing extremist, in the Wickliffe Draper mold and someone who wrote about Frederick Osborn, a Pioneer Fund director in the early 1950's and even co-authored a book with him. So in fact Operation Red Cross was a John Birch gambit and a Pioneer Fund project since Bayo specifically insisted that he would have nothing to do with the CIA, due to the perceived double cross at the Bay of Pigs. And now I am certain that not only the anti-Castro exiles, but even E. H. Hunt IN 2007, plus many members on multiple JFK forums have a distinct personal or political grudge against the CIA, and just automatically respond with a knee-jerk reaction whenever they think they can blame something on the CIA when in fact the event in question, had NOTHING TO DO with the CIA. E. H. Hunt lamented the fact that he was sold down the river after Watergate, blaming the CIA himself, and he probably spent the rest of his life writing and selling books in order to put food on the table. Even William F. Buckley, Jr. had long since parted company with the CIA and turned to proselytizing, writing and wagging that serpentine tongue. Billy Buck did not even need the income from the CIA since he was "The Mastah" and very wealthy. So can we all agree that Operation Red Cross was indeed, a John Birch, Pioneer Fund and SISS project of James Eastland, Robert Morris his legal counsel and Nathaniel Weyl and put this one to bed once and for all? "In 1963, John Martino came to me with a fascinating story. He had attended a meeting in Palm Beach at which a Cuban who used the nom de guerre of Bayo claimed that the Soviets had deceived President Kennedy and that Russian missiles were still in Cuba. Bayo said he knew this because two of the Soviet officers guarding these clandestine missiles had defected, were being hidden and guarded by the remnants of the anti-Castro underground and were desperately anxious to tell their story. I was told that this was an emergency. The Russians could be captured by Castro's forces at any time. John Martino said that their Cuban protectors could get them safely to the northern coast of the island and thence by boat to some agreed-upon rendezvous point in the Bahamas if we acted immediately. Martino added that Bayo and the other Cuban patriots would have nothing to do with anyone from the CIA because they believed that the Agency had betrayed them at the Bay of Pigs. Could I get a yacht, designate a time and place to meet on some remote Bahamas island, get there and bring the Russian officers to the American mainland? If it was to be done, it must be done immediately." You can debate as long as you want what a "better strategy" would have been, or what "publicity value" could have been obtained by coming home with no Russian Missile Officers, with a tale of woe about murdered patriots and murdered Freedom Fighters, but I am telling you what Weyl told me. Nothing more nothing less. I forgot to add the fact that Weyl also told me that the Cuban patrol boats with spotlights and the aerial reconnaissance planes also with spotlights were circling around in the near vicinity trying to locate either the raft(s) or the mother ship. Not knowing whether or not they would be able to evade the Cuban search party, they decided that discretion was the better part of valor, and they destroyed the incriminating evidence, the commandos, their guns and their raft(s), rather than run the risk of creating a major international cause celeb and an international crisis which might end up putting them in jail or causing a whole lot of headaches for Life Magazine, C.D. Jackson, Henry B. Luce, the other occupants of the boat including any case officers, SOFs, and Senators Eastland and Goldwater, and for whomever Weyl was working for at that time. This next conclusion is just a supposition on my part, but somehow they must have felt that coming back from Cuba WITH Missile Officers, and WITHOUT being buzzed and identified by patrol boats or reconnaissance planes would result in their being declared conquering heroes, and they could have made up any lies about territorial waters they wanted to since, after the fact, they would never have been EVER SEEN in Cuban territorial waters. Plus with either their "captured prizes" or "willing defectors" (yeah right) in tow whatever they did to accomplish their task would ostensibly have been either ignored or forgiven. I am certain that Eastland and Goldwater thought that JFK would either have been summarily impeached or even chickened out on a run for re-election in 1964, had their little plot worked out as planned. In any event, having failed at character assassination, they moved on to the real thing. I used to think that NSAM 263 (was it ?) about the ICBM gap was the FINAL denouement of JFK and the final nail in his coffin, but in fact Operation Red Cross might have sealed his fate instead and NSAM 263 was just icing on the cake. Not so hard to swallow, right? The fact is, that the occupants of that boat, whomever they worked for, decided very quickly that the best strategy was to kill the bastidges, and sink the bastidges to the bottom of the sea. Now they sleep with the fishes. And dead men tell no tales. And since Weyl and his associates feared discovery with their hands in the cookie jar more than anything else (as I have since surmised) they exercised their first, best option and eliminated the evidence, escaped the search posse, and then headed back to Florida only to face the wrath of Goldwater and Eastland. Plus Richard Billings realized that he had been totally taken in as well. What could he write after he came back with no officers and no commandos? Oh, gee, I violated the Neutrality Act, trying to get a story, I watched as these guys came back empty handed, and stood by as their raft and the men themselves were shot full of holes, and went to visit Davey Jones Locker, or whatever, while I did nothing. For JFK it would have been better had they actually found some incriminating evidence of Russian Missiles or Officers however flimsy. Then at least Goldwater and Eastland would have or could have waited for the election to determine the next president. As it was, this failure at Character Assassination quickly turned into the next logical step: the plot for Physical Assassination. The rest is history.

Before Nathaniel Weyl died, he related to me the real story of Operation Red Cross also known as the Bayo/Pawley affair or Operation Tilt. I have documented this elsewhere on this site but for the sake of the historical record Weyl essentially implicated himself in the murder of the occupants of the rubber life rafts used by the anti-Castro infiltration unit, including Eddie Bayo when they returned from Cuba with NO Russian Military Officers in tow. There was no speedboat involved as later alleged by Weyl and since these infiltrators used rubber rafts with small Evinrude motors to both breach and then exit the island of Cuba, Weyl and Company HAD TO BE within the 5 or 10 mile territorial waters limit in effect at that time. And by aiding and assisting in this attack on a foreign power, Weyl and all the occupants of that mother ship, essentially violated The Neutrality Act. It is now thought that there were never any Russian Missile Officers on the island and Bayo and Company just wanted some modern weaponry and logistics support to launch either a major boom and bang operation or to launch an attempt on the life of Fidel Castro. The reason why Cuban newspapers never reported the deaths of Bayo and Company is because there were no Cuban reporters at the scene of the murder of the raft's occupants and because Fish Can't Read even Cuban Fish. The original plan sponsored and supported by both Senator James O. Eastland and Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona was to bring these alleged turncoat missile officers back to Goldwater's Arizona ranch where he was going to hold a press conference showcasing his prize catches in an attempt to cause untold damage to JFK's election chances in 1964 and thus catapault himself into the Presidency by a landslide vote. Weyl fabricated the story of a large freighter passing horizontally between the mother ship and the Cuban coast line to cover his tracks as an accessory to murder. Because he described to me with glee in his voice, the scene as the trio who were manning the 50-cal machine guns opened up on the Bayo contingent in the rubber raft or rafts after a short conference. Weyl described how these men, weighted down with machine gun belts, heavy boots, camouflaged uniforms, pistol belts and similar heavy gear sank beneath the surface never to be seen again. I think the historical record should be revised to reflect these newly discovered facts. Now with the new information about the association of Robert J. Morris, Guy Banister and Senator James O. Eastland in the 1956 Times Picayune article about Banister's, Eastland's and Draper's roles with The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission, this story looms even larger in the JFK conundrum. Goldwater and Eastland were also technically guilty of violations of The Neutrality Act including Richard Billings and William Pawley. See: Where Rebels Roost: Civil Rights in Mississippi by Susan Klopfer. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In the winter of 1962 Eddie Bayo (Eduardo Perez) claimed that two officers in the Red Army based in Cuba wanted to defect to the United States. Bayo added that these men wanted to pass on details about atomic warheads and missiles that were still in Cuba despite the agreement that followed the Cuban Missile Crisis. Bayo's story was eventually taken up by several members of the anti-Castro community including Nathaniel Weyl, William Pawley, Gerry P. Hemming, John Martino, Felipe Vidal Santiago and Frank Sturgis. Pawley became convinced that it was vitally important to help get these Soviet officers out of Cuba. William Pawley contacted Ted Shackley at JM/WAVE. Shackley decided to help Pawley organize what became known as Operation Tilt or the Bayo-Pawley Mission. He also assigned Rip Robertson, a fellow member of the CIA in Miami, to help with the operation. David Sanchez Morales, another CIA agent, also became involved in this attempt to bring out these two Soviet officers. On 8th June, 1963, a small group, including William Pawley, Eddie Bayo, Rip Robertson, Virgilio Gonzalez, Eugenio Martinez, John Martino. Richard Billings and Terry Spencer, a journalist and photographer working for Life Magazine, boarded a CIA flying boat. After landing off Baracoa, Bayo and his men got into a 22-foot craft and headed for the Cuban shore. The plan was to pick them up with the Soviet officers two days later. However, Bayo and his men were never seen again. It was rumoured that he had been captured and executed. However, his death was never reported in the Cuban press. Operation Tilt: Photographs Open Debate on the Kennedy Assassination Forum Debate: Life Magazine and the Assassination of JFK Forum Debate: Operation Tilt Forum Debate on Watergate (1) Nathaniel Weyl, Encounters With Communism (2003) In 1963, John Martino came to me with a fascinating story. He had attended a meeting in Palm Beach at which a Cuban who used the nom de guerre of Bayo claimed that the Soviets had deceived President Kennedy and that Russian missiles were still in Cuba. Bayo said he knew this because two of the Soviet officers guarding these clandestine missiles had defected, were being hidden and guarded by the remnants of the anti-Castro underground and were desperately anxious to tell their story. I was told that this was an emergency. The Russians could be captured by Castro's forces at any time. John Martino said that their Cuban protectors could get them safely to the northern coast of the island and thence by boat to some agreed-upon rendezvous point in the Bahamas if we acted immediately. Martino added that Bayo and the other Cuban patriots would have nothing to do with anyone from the CIA because they believed that the Agency had betrayed them at the Bay of Pigs. Could I get a yacht, designate a time and place to meet on some remote Bahamas island, get there and bring the Russian officers to the American mainland? If it was to be done, it must be done immediately. (2) Richard D. Mahoney, Sons and Brothers: The Days of Jack and Bobby Kennedy (1999) After having shilled the project around reactionary circles Florida, Martino and Bayo pitched the idea to Pawley, who in turn took it to JM/WAVE chief Ted Shackley. Pawley told Shackley that he had gotten a call from the chief counsel to the Senate Intenal Subcommittee, Jay Sourwine, promising that chairman James O. Eastland of Mississippi would launch hearings if the Soviet officers were sprung. When Shackley learned from Pawley that Martino was involved, he was not pleased. He called Martino a "lowlife." Shacklley nonetheless signed on. The operation was a long shot but, if it panned out, a career maker. It might also serve to rehabilitate Shackley's demoted mentor. Bill Harvey. CIA headquarters at first balked at the proposal, having been sufficiently embarrassed by renegade heroics by the Cuban exiles. Then Senator Eastland telephoned Ambassador Pawley to inform him, incredibly enough, that John Martino, a Mafia operative, had personally briefed him on the mission, called Operation Red Cross. The CIA gave Shackley the go-ahead. It is possible Rosselli and Martino actually believed in the Bayo-Pawley mission. It is equally possible that they were developing an elaborate alibi for another murderous contingency. On June 4, the day before the mission was to be launched, Martino and Bayo told an astounded Pawley that they had agreed to let Life magazine cover the raid in exchange for $15,000. Loren Hall, a Trafficante associate later investigated for his contact with Oswald in Dallas, claimed that the Mafia, not Life, had in fact put up the $15,000. On June 5, Pawley's yacht, the Flying Tiger II, towing a smaller craft, set sail for its rendezvous point off the coast of Oriente province. Three days later, Pawley himself, accompanied by the ever-ready Rip Robertson, a Life photographer, Bayo, and nine other raiders boarded a CIA flying boat. (Pawley was so suspicious about the intentions of Bayo and his raiders that he locked them in the center cabin during the flight.) OffBaracoa, Cuba, they joined up with the yacht. Robertson passed out a full complement of arms to the fighters before they piled into the 22-foot craft and headed for the Cuban shore. The plan was to meet up with the Flying Tiger II two days later with the Soviet officers in hand. But Bayo and his comrades were never heard from again. Station chief Shackley later determined that the Soviet defection story had been cover for a "free-lance strike" by Bayo and the others. A review of Cuban army documents relating to the capture or killing of anti-Castro raiders, research done in June 1997, revealed no record of Bayo. But the Bayo-Pawley mission fit nicely with Rosselli's later claim that President Kennedy was assassinated by an anti-Castro sniper team sent in to murder Castro, captured by the Cubans, tortured, and redeployed in Dallas. Through the handiwork of Rosselli's assistant, John Martino, the CIA, Lift, Pawley, and Senator Eastland were all variously implicated. (3) Nathaniel Weyl, Encounters With Communism (2003) The Bayo operation has been covered in several article and books. It has been a hunting ground for conspiracy theorists, such as Peter Dale Scott (Deep Politics and the Death of JFK, University of California Press), who suggest that the Bayo affair was linked to the Kennedy assassination. We know now that the defecting Soviet colonels never existed, that there were no Russian missiles left in place in Cuba, that the Bayo story was a hoax. What happened to the Cubans who were offloaded from the Flying Tiger, heavily armed with ClA-supplied weapons? We know that the Pawley yacht weighed anchor ten miles to sea from the port of Baracoa in Oriente Province on the night of June 8, 1963. Three CIA people kept machineguns trained on Bayo and his Cuban commandos as the latter piled into the speedboat that was to take them to shore (Warren Hinckle and William W. Turner, Deadly Secrets, p. 194). Weapons were aimed at the Cubans because the CIA considered the possibility that they were Castro agents and that the operation was an ambush. The commandos vanished into the night. Pawley saw to it that a Catalina flying boat search the skies for them until a week had elapsed. The generally accepted theory is that their secret purpose had been to get modern arms with which to kill Castro, but that they had been intercepted and killed or captured in a firefight. A year or so after the tragedy, Bill Pawley told me he believed that the men never landed. When they boarded the speedboat, he warned them that it was dangerously overloaded and urged them in vain to take rubber rafts aboard. Pawley heard a large freighter pass between the Flying Tiger and the shore. He believed that the Cuban boat was swamped in the freighter's wake and that the men drowned. Was their secret purpose to get CIA arms with which to kill Fidel Castro? This is the conclusion researchers have arrived at, but it seems to me illogical. When I was approached to find a yacht and meet the defectors at sea, there was no mention of sending armed commandos ashore. Nor did I have any access to assault weapons nor did Martino have any reason to imagine I would be willing or able to supply them. The source of guns was the CIA and Bayo and his companions had made it abundantly clear that they distrusted the agency and wanted to have nothing to do with it. The conclusion I draw is that Bayo's initial plan was to land two or three mysterious people in Florida, to allege that they were Soviet colonels and spread the story of missiles still in Cuba to influence the American presidential elections. The purpose would have been to defeat Kennedy since many Cubans believed he had betrayed them and their cause. Would any such imposture have been promptly detected and exposed? Or would continuing uncertainty and suspicion have poisoned the air for the young President? When the plan mushroomed to comprise a Cuban commando force, heavily armed by the CIA with weapons, none of which was, of course, of U.S. origin, plans may well have changed. Assassination? Mere havoc and sabotage? We will probable never know. (4) Larry Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked (2003) Rip Robertson... was brought back into CIA operations for the Bay of Pigs commanding the supply ship Barbara J and leading exile frogmen onto the beach. Robertson later became affiliated with JM WAVE operations and was the officer who debriefed John Martino upon his release (Florence Martino identified someone she knew only as "Rip" making numerous visits to their house). Robertson died in 1970, supposedly of the aftereffects of malaria contracted during service in Vietnam. In addition to Bayo, Pawley, Martino and Robertson, the expedition was accompanied by Dick Billings, a LIFE staff writer obtained through the Pawley-Luce connection. Billings would later head the LIFE team in Dallas which purchased the Zapruder film of the Kennedy assassination, as well as Marina Oswald's story rights (neither of which saw public exposure under LIFE auspices). Much later. Billings was hired by Robert Blakey, the second head of the House Select Committee on Assassinations, as editorial director for the final report of the HSCA. (5) Gaeton Fonzi, The Last Investigation (1993) One of the first leads Schweiker asked me to check came from a source he considered impeccable: Clare Boothe Luce. One of the wealthiest women in the world, widow of the founder of the Time, Inc. publishing empire, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives, former Ambassador to Italy, successful Broadway playwright, international socialite and longtime civic activist, Clare Boothe Luce was the last person in the world Schweiker would have suspected of leading him on a wild goose chase. Yet the chase began almost immediately. Right after Schweiker announced the formation of his Kennedy assassination Subcommittee, he was visited by Vera Glaser, a syndicated Washington columnist. Glaser told him she had just interviewed Clare Boothe Luce and that Luce had given her some information relating to the assassination. Schweiker immediately called Luce and she, quite cooperatively and in detail, confirmed the story she had told Glaser. Luce said that some time after the Bay of Pigs she received a call from her "great friend" William Pawley, who lived in Miami. A man of immense wealth-he had made his millions in oil-during World War II Pawley had gained fame setting up the Flying Tigers with General Claire Chennault. Pawley had also owned major sugar interests in Cuba, as well as Havana's bus, trolley and gas systems and he was close to both pre-Castro Cuban rulers, President Carlos Prio and General Fulgencio Batista. (Pawley was one of the dispossessed American investors in Cuba who early tried to convince Eisenhower that Castro was a Communist and urged him to arm the exiles in Miami.) Luce said that Pawley had gotten the idea of putting together a fleet of speedboats-sea-going "Flying Tigers" as it were-which would be used by the exiles to dart in and out of Cuba on "intelligence gathering" missions. He asked her to sponsor one of these boats and she agreed. As a result of her sponsorship, Luce got to know the three-man crew of the boat "fairly well," as she said. She called them "my boys" and said they visited her a few times in her New York townhouse. It was one of these boat crews, Luce said, that originally brought back the news of Russian missiles in Cuba. Because Kennedy didn't react to it, she said she helped feed it to Senator Kenneth Keating, who made it public. She then wrote an article for Life magazine predicting the missile crisis. "Well, then came the nuclear showdown and the President made his deal with Khrushchev and I never saw my young Cubans again," she said. The boat operations were stopped, she said, shortly afterwards when Pawley was notified that the U.S. was invoking the Neutrality Act and would prevent any further exile missions into Cuba. Luce said she hadn't thought about her boat crew until the day that President Kennedy was killed. That evening she received a telephone call from one of the crew members. She told Schweiker his name was "something like" Julio Fernandez, and he said he was calling her from New Orleans. Julio Fernandez told her that he and the other crew members had been forced out of Miami after the Cuban missile crisis and that they had started a "Free Cuba" cell in New Orleans. Luce said that Fernandez told her that Oswald had approached his group and offered his services as a potential Castro assassin. He said his group didn't believe Oswald, suspected he was really a Communist and decided to keep tabs on him. Fernandez said they found that Oswald was, indeed, a Communist, and they eventually penetrated his "cell" and tape-recorded his talks, including his bragging that he could shoot anyone because he was "the greatest shot in the world with a telescopic lens." Fernandez said that Oswald then suddenly came into money and went to Mexico City and then Dallas. According to Luce, Fernandez also told her that his group had photographs of Oswald and copies of handbills Oswald had been distributing on the streets of New Orleans. Fernandez asked Luce what he should do with this information and material... A year later, in December of 1976, when I was about to start working for the Assassinations Committee, I stumbled across some other fascinating facts related to Clare Boothe Luce's tip to Senator Schweiker. That was when I learned, for instance, that her "great friend" in Miami, William Pawley, was a longtime associate of the CIA. Never an official spook, Pawley was nonetheless a member of the Old Boys network and was especially close to CIA Director Allen Dulles. He had helped transform his Flying Tigers into one of the first CIA proprietary airlines, Civil Air Transport, and had set up for the Agency a front called the Pacific Corporation as an offshoot of the Tigers. He had been involved in the CIA's overthrow of the Arbenz government in Guatemala and he had backed more than one Castro assassination attempt. Pawley once told a Miami reporter: "Find me one man, just one man who can go it alone and get Castro, I'll pay anything, almost anything." But Pawley was not just a backer of exile groups, he wanted to be a participant, and I came across a bizarre story about one of his secret excursions to Cuba. Early one morning in the summer of 1963, a 65-foot luxury yacht named the Flying Tiger II slid away from its dock behind a mansion on Miami Beach's Sunset Island and headed for Cuba. The yacht belonged to Pawley. Aboard were three CIA paramilitary operatives; a cache of heavy firearms and explosives was locked in its stateroom. The yacht was scheduled to rendezvous off the coast of Cuba with an amphibious aircraft, a Catalina PBY, provided by the CIA. Aboard the aircraft were Pawley; a fellow named John Martino, who had worked for Mob bosses in Havana's casinos and had been imprisoned by Castro; Life magazine's Miami bureau chief Richard Billings (the same fellow who would later become the Assassinations Committee's chief writer); Billing's photographer, Terrence Spence; a daring Alpha 66 veteran Cuban infiltrator named Eduardo ("Eddie Bayo") Perez; and a raiding party of eleven CIA-trained Cuban exiles. The aim of the mission was for Eddie Bayo and his exile party, using a small, high-speed boat provided by the CIA, to sneak ashore, capture two Russian military technicians from a Cuban missile site and bring them back to the United States. Then, using the documentation that Life magazine's staffers would provide, a major press conference would proclaim that here was living proof that Soviet missiles were still in Cuba. The mission was a tragic failure. Radio contact with Bayo and his raiding party was lost and they were never heard from again. The Flying Tiger II and Pawley returned to Miami and Life never wrote a story about the mission.

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Well, Amazing to me they published it, but I guess since they let him respond, they all wanted to further besmirch this site. It will not be so easy to get a copy. Few libraries carry it - if any do. The childish nastiness of his reply is really amazing! Says a lot about him and how much your words cut him deeply. Maybe the local MI5 or MI6 office library will send you a copy... I do have a good contact who will be able to get me a copy. I get on average 2 or 3 abusive emails from Don Bohning every week. The man is clearly very disturbed. I think the main problem he has with me is that if you type in "Don Bohning" into Google, number 1 is my page on him. Although the page does include his attacks on me, it also contains the evidence that he was a CIA asset while working as a journalist. If I was him, I would be upset as well. The same goes for Carl E. Jenkins, the man I believe to have organised the assassination. That is why he and his family are so upset with me. Looks like anyone can go to their website, join AFIO, buy some neat little AFIO lapel pins and AFIO bumper stickers (I am going to try to get John Simkin one for Christmas, IF they let me join (LOL). And I think you can order back issues of The Intelligencer, too. Can you imagine seeing John riding around in his car with AFIO bumper stickers on the back and the sides: (Support the AFIO, rat out someone!), wearing his little AFIO lapel pins and dark glasses? LOFL! I think this site was either AFIO.org or AFIO.com Not too hard to find really. And not all that secretive either to an extent. Welcome to the AFIO Online Store Here are some items that might be of interest. Please take pride in your AFIO membership and Support AFIO. CIA INSIDER'S DICTIONARY of U.S. and Foreign Intelligence, Counterintelligence & Tradecraft. Price: $75.00 [includes shipping] Hardcover - 744 pages. Please note: Book was last updated 1996. by Leo D. Carl. In high-tech reference-grade hardcover. 744 pages, Bibliography, Appendices, released in 1996. More encyclopedia than pure dictionary, Carl provides wide assortment of definitions, comparisons, cross-references, and fascinating current and little known explanations of investigative, security, espionage, and tradecraft jargon and terminology. Definitions and derivations come from impressive expertise of the author who is a retired intelligence professional, linguist, fine lexicographer, and tireless wordsmith. Before now, sales of this work were limited primarily to State and Federal Intelligence and Law Enforcement Agencies, who still order this work by the case. Before supplies vanish into solely institutional hands, the author (an AFIO member) made copies available to AFIO members, researchers and academicians at a discounted price. ...ORDER NOW AFIO Decal - has AFIO name/logo. Uses static cling [no adhesive] so it can be easily removed, repositioned for window cleaning. It faces outwards to be viewed through glass. The back of the decal does not stick. Size: 3.25" x 3.25" circle $5.00 each, including shipping & handling. NOTE: Of this amount, 65% ($3.25) is a tax deductible donation to AFIO. ...ORDER NOW AFIO Lapel Pins - has AFIO name. Small in Color - size of a dime, traditional lapel pin, gold color, with full color seal etched, subtle and dressy. $10.00 each, including shipping & handling. NOTE: Of this amount, 65% ($6.50) is a tax deductible donation to AFIO. ...ORDER NOW ITEMS Available from Other Suppliers which benefit AFIO A portion of the purchase price of items from these suppliers includes a gift to support the educational programs of AFIO National. Please Place orders directly with suppliers as indicated. All transactions from these dealers are between customer and supplier.

It would be nice if someone who subscribes to the AFIO Intelligencer to post the responses. I guess it wouldn't do any good to inform the editor and publisher that Bohning was a CIA asset, since they all are. BK He is retired you 'tard. That is Association of Former Intelligence Officers. Start your own group. Assn. of Casino Card Dealing Cretins - you can be the leader of the pack. Woof. Woof.

Yep, they fit all right. Most people deliberately take Ruby's attempts at fingering the Dallas Birch Society and Edwin Walker specifically then later these mysterious and probably unnamed Nazis and Fascists as evidence of an unstable and misdirected mind. Au contraire. He really knew all the players, their sponsors, and the major plotters. And because he was basically coerced into snuffing Oswald for fear of being further implicated himself through his associations with Oswald, he even thought that he had contributed to an impending increase in anti-Semitic activity, leading possibly to a renewal of the pogroms against his Jewish brethren. They gave him an out by giving him the heroic story about how he was saving Jackie from further grief and anguish and he fell for it. It is what I call the Hero vs Schmuck alternative quandary. "Jack, you kill him then you are a hero, you let him talk and you become a Schmuck and the second fall guy for helping out in the whole plot." You're choice, Jack, Hero... or Schmuck. I think that Dorothy Killgalen got those letters and was going to break the whole case wide open as she bragged to her friends but then she died shortly thereafter of a mixture of barbituates and alcohol. Pretty suspicious to say the least. No documents found either. There are at least 10 incidents indicating the active presence of Nazis, Fascists, neo-Nazis and Nazi sympathizers being involved with the plot and at least 10 people who have made it their lifelong project to go into denial about these contributions for obvious reasons. The Winnipeg Airport Incident and the Walker phone call from Deutsch National Zeitung primary among them. Then you can add the visits by Art Young's America First neo-Nazis and GLK Smith's grandson to JFK confabs. Plus the links of Prouty and his friends through Willis Carto and The Liberty Lobby into the Fascist sub-culture. The most obvious might be the history of the 4 eugenics families like the Drapers, the Bushes, the Farishes and the Grays, all with massive Intel links into US agencies. Then there is Anastase Vonsiatsky and Yaroslaw Stetsko, and Spas T. Raikin, and all the other members of Shickshinny Knights of Malta like Willoughby, Sir Barry Domville, Pedro del Valle, Bonner Fellers, Philip J. Corso. Every 5 years or so another member of the Armed Services Committee of SKOM gets pegged as a Nazi retroactively or linked to the Draper nexus retroactively. Now those documents are worth digging for because they change our perception of history. Why are there so many active opponents of this search for The Nazi Connections to the JFK Assn? Because they have many friends in high places within the JFK research community that's why. Look up Shickshinny Knights of Malta, The Pioneer Fund, The Human Ecology Foundation and let me know if you find any more tidbits. If you have time to dig into the background of The H. Smith Richardson Foundation please feel welcome or their namesake patron himself. Thanks for the examples posted earlier.

Yep, you are absolutely right there. Why expose and vilify YOUR superstar? But, on the other hand if the plantation owners lose their best picker, is it then OK to lambaste, criticize, expose and vilify him to the ends of the earth in order to ruin the chances for success on his NEW plantation which he now owns? Do you know who The Walker Cup was named after? And how about the Campbell Cup Hockey Trophy? These sports remained essentially free of integration much longer than any of the other major sports and each one still only has 1-2 black PLAYERS let alone black STARS in its ranks. Is it because there are no ice hockey rinks or plush golf courses within the ghetto? Of course that played a major if not a totally dominanting role. Hint: BOTH The Walker Cup and and The Campbell Cup sponsors came from two of the biggest Eugenics supporting families in the history of the world! In the history of the World as Muhammed Ali would have said! One had some Olympics ties as well I think, and the other family had some Nazi financial ties from The Men Who Financed Hitler, I think it was and Walker's grandson later headed up the entire CIA after being made Ambassador to the United Nations as a warm-up role. This 2nd guy had some major roles in either the pre-Assassination planning or in the post-Assassination cover-ups, too. And Character Assassination was their specialty, but only second to their Physical Assassination expertise which is used as a last resort. I still think that sooner or later most American sports venues will resemble the fortress style of Soccer Stadiums in Europe and South America. With see-through plexi-glass barriers, barbed wire and bullet proof glass to protect the super-stars from the encroachment of their fans onto the playing fields. Sort of like they did in ancient Rome with the Gladiators and the Christians and the Lions, you know. That is how the Roman Empire ended and that is our fate, as well, sad to say. Free order of Taco Bell to go for the winner...

Glad that you are history.

Yep, I know. There were about 160,000 Nash Rambler Station Wagons with shark fin tailfins made in both 1958 and 1959 combined. I previously said in 1959. So many wagons, so many colors. Was it green, pink, grey or what? In Texas alone probably 10,000 or more were registered. So much for that theory. I think that Bartholemew's buddy was just trying to find a buyer in fact. Pig in a poke, sorta like someone who bought the wrong smoking gun for $150,000.00 So sad.

That car looks EXACTLY LIKE the Pepto-Bismol pink Nash Rambler wagon driven by Jack Ruby in Miami at, for lack of a better term, Hernando's Hideaway. Ole! But there were something like 160,000 of these, in all colors, made in that year by Nash Motors. Nash, by the way in Russian, means something like "one of ours"...

Great site to search indexed FOIA docs. BK/CryOps Links to FOIA Documents Check out the special BK/CryOps section for some great links and even more intrigue, subterfuge and continued sagas and mysteries...

Here is a list from earlier this year. About 75% of these names appear in the article above here on The Shickshinny Knights of Malta. Amazing prescience if I do say so myself. My list of interest would include the following names in no particular order: Charles Willoughby Bonner F. Fellers Theodor Oberlander Albert C. Wedemeyer George Stratemeyer Yaroslaw Stetsko Charles Thurout Pichel Laurence Dennis Anastase Vonsiatsky William Dudley Pelley Maximillian St. George Mitchell Werbell III George de Mohrenschildt George Bouhe Warren de Breuys James Wheeler-Hill Baron Charles Wrangel Adrian Arcand Boris Brasol Frederic Rene Coudert Philip J. Corso George Sokolosky Westbrook Pegler Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith Rev. Gerald B. Winrod George de Mohrenschildt Reinhard von Gehlen Robert J. Morris Edwin A. Walker E. Howard Hunt George Lincoln Rockwell Wickliffe P. Draper

Here is basically the exact same article with graphics, images, documents and more information.... http://www.osjknights.com/History-After-Malta.htm

Boy, there is a pattern here somewhere... Let's see... Army Intelligence plus anti-Castro Cuban exiles and right wingers like the John Birch Society members in The Knights of Malta. I wonder if he even recognized that? Naw, not likely. You could put it right in his face and he would look but would not see. Army Intelligence plus anti-Castro Cuban exiles and right wingers like the John Birch Society members in The Knights of Malta. Army Intelligence plus anti-Castro Cuban exiles and right wingers like the John Birch Society members in The Knights of Malta. Army Intelligence plus anti-Castro Cuban exiles and right wingers like the John Birch Society members in The Knights of Malta. Army Intelligence plus anti-Castro Cuban exiles and right wingers like the John Birch Society members in The Knights of Malta. I wonder if he even recognized that? Naw, not likely. You could put it right in his face and he would look but would not see. Charles Darwin's son was right after all. N'er do wells will always be N'er do wells. Boy the Shickshinny Knights of Malta and the entire Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (OSJ) were just loaded with pro-Nazi retired Military, mostly Irish or British apparently, hell bent on defending the Mother Church against the onslaught of heathens and the advances of the Communist hordes. Nice work if you can get it. Does that guarantee you a ticket to Heaven, in their minds at least? Or praise, support and rewards just here on Earth? St. Peter said to Charles Willoughby at the Pearly Gates: "And what did you do with your life, son?" "Well, I defended the Church against the advances of Communism in Korea, Viet Nam and in Latin America and Europe and kept the offering basket circulating for decades in all those countries without interruption! I also had over 500,000 Godless Communists killed! Any of them here? And the missionaries in those countries converted millions to Catholicism with the cannons booming in the background. My entire life was devoted to Killing Commies for Christ and converting the rest." "Well done my son. Enter into the Kingdom of Christ!" Amen, brother.

Game, Set and Match THIS IS BY FAR THE MOST IMPORTANT POSTING EVER MADE IN THE HISTORY OF THE ENTIRE JFK ASSASSINATION INVESTIGATION. Anastase Vonsiatsky is finally linked to Wickliffe Draper's crony Lt. Gen. Pedro A. del Valle and to Allen Dulles and Wild Bill Donovan through more Nazi White Russian Spies Even Col. Robert T. McCormick of the Chicago Tribune is listed just below who was among his close fiends and associates And good old boy, William Dudley Pelley founder of the Nazi Silver Shirts during World War II where GLK Smith cut his Nazi-loving eye teeth, YES Reverend Gerald Lyman Kenneth Smith from the Winnipeg Airport Incident is included by reference herein for all to see. When everything comes together like this in one single document, within one single organization for all to read for themselves, it is almost magical. 1) Draper and his evil cronies at The Pioneer Fund like Pedro Augusto del Valle, and the Trevors Sr. and Jr. 2) Richard Condon and the Manchurian Candidate Dirty Dozen included in his dirty rotten scoundrels 3) The Shickshinny Knights of Malta (Philip J. Corso, Pedro del Valle, Charles Willoughby, Bonner Fellers, Sir Barry Domville) 4) Anastase Vonsiatsky and his ROND friends plus the Russian Orthodox Church. 5) The Dulles Brothers and William J. Donovan who was a Knight of Malta first and foremost Who knows why Jupiter, Florida was the headquarters of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem? Name two military crustaceans who retired to Jupiter, Florida who had the OSJ credentials? Free Gift Certificate to Taco Bell for the winner. One of them ran the Nazi Rat Lines behind the back of Giovanni Battista Montini. (Pope Paul VI) He also was in charge of pushing the UFO brainwashing theories into the public domain and he was once the hero of John Armstrong, too. And he worked for J. Strom Thurmond. The other one was a McCarthyite who served as Oswald's Travel Agent and worked as head of The Passport Office in the State Dept. Security Office (SY). He got fired over the Walt Whitman Rostow confirmation hearings. I can count on either the crack Australian research duo (Richards and Parker) or Tom Scully to get this one right. They both used the OSJ honorary title in their signature with their correspondence. As in Lt. Col. XXXXXX Y ZZZZZ, OSJ Holier than though Nazi Super-Catholics, and Conservative Right Wingers... ABOUT TEN OF RICHARD CONDON'S DIRTY DOZEN ARE MENTIONED OR INCLUDED BY REFERENCE HEREIN. And how about this one. Even Major John Trevor, Sr. of The American Coalition of Patriotic Societies founded by Wickliffe Draper, and his son John Trevor, Jr. of The Pioneer Fund also founded by Wickliffe Draper are mentioned herein. John B. Trevor opposed Brown vs. Board of Education on eugenic grounds. The Shickshinny Knights of Malta were his friends too: Charles Willoughby, Pedro A. del Valle, Bonner Fellers, Sir Barry Domville, Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton, Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso... I hate to say I told you so.... but I told you so. And I hate to say that Richard Condon told you so... but he did. You just wouldn't listen. Get on this aspect of the JFK case or you will forever be inhaling the dust from the fast-trackers. Anyone see any other obvious suspects in the JFK mayhem here? Lemmie know. Get off your butts. SOVEREIGN ORDER OF SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM History and Lineage Charts Since 1797 Founded near Our Lord’s Holy Sepulcher c. 1050, the Brothers of the Hospital of Saint John is one of the oldest orders of the Catholic Church. The Order of St. John of Jerusalem was elevated to a monastic order in 1098 by which time it had developed into a military brotherhood known as the Hospitallers. The Brethren defended their Hospital and ensured the health and safety of pilgrims coming to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The King of Jerusalem confirmed the Hospitallers as an international corporation in 1104. The Apostolic See became its perpetual Protector in 1113 by a Papal Bull of Paschal II. Renowned for skilled hospital care and prowess in battle, the Hospitaller Knights became indispensable defenders of Christendom and the Order was recognized as a sovereign state in 1191. The Order was forced by the Moslems from the Holy Land in 1291 and from Rhodes in 1523. The Convent of the Order was on the island of Malta, and its 70 th Grand Master was Prince Ferdinand von Hompesch, when the humanist revolution was creating widespread change on the political map of Europe. The Knights of the Order used strategic foresight in gaining the Czar of Russia as a secondary Protector because in 1798 Malta was seized by General Napoleon Bonaparte. A large contingent of French Knights of Malta, who had accepted the precepts of the revolutionaries, joined Napoleon’s army. Most of the remainder rallied to St. Petersburg, Russia, which was the home of their new powerful Protector. There have been many questions concerning the legal and historical validity of the SOSJ after its transfer from Malta to Russia, and later to the United States of America. This essay addresses various aspects of the continuity of the Order’s government starting from the late 18 th century in St. Petersburg, and following it to the United States of America in the beginning of the 20th century. The knights compromised their principles as they focused on the survival and independence of their brotherhood, but they succeeded in preserving their lineage intact. Other provincial groups of Knights of Malta eventually became sufficiently organized to warrant their respective national monarchs to recognize them as distinct orders later in the 19th century. This is the cause of the several orders of St. John and of Malta that we know today. The Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem is, in contrast, the factual continuation of the Order from Malta, and was supported as such by the Russian monarchy continuously until the death of Czar Kirill I in 1938. THE SOSJ PRESERVES ITSELF BY DEFENDING MONARCHY Shortly after their arrival in Russia, the exiled Knights of Malta joined with the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia and elected their Orthodox and married Protector, Czar Paul I, as the 71st Grand Master. Grand Master Czar Paul I helped to settle the SOSJ in the Russian capital city. He decreed that their Convent would remain at the Imperial residence of St. Petersburg, and that his successors would continue as its protectors. He created a second Grand Priory principally for his Orthodox nobility. He then invited non-Catholic Europeans, mainly Lutherans, to join this new priory for the purpose of preserving the SOSJ and European monarchism by perpetual opposition to the Humanist Revolution. His plan to return the Russian Orthodox Church, of which he was the head, to full communion with the Catholic Church had created enemies among his closest advisors and relatives. Czar Paul I, an unrecognized champion of the Order, was martyred, allegedly by Freemasons, in 1801. The Holy See had often desired in the past to control the election of the Grand Master and the Order’s history shows that the knights always successfully resisted this interference. The election of Czar Paul I had broken the lineage of unmarried Catholic grand masters, but continued the jealously guarded tradition of independent election of their leader by the knights. The Knights of Malta believed that the unusual circumstances in world affairs which resulted in the relocation of the convent to Russia called for nontraditional action to salvage the Order and to counter the Revolution. Election disputes developed after the death of Grand Master Czar Paul I and this created a permanent split between the Sovereign Order in Russia and the surviving Italian priories of knights. The Sovereign Council in Russia and Czar Alexander I asked the Pope to name the next Grand Master “for one time only” from a list of candidates presented from the various priories of knights. The Pope selected the Russian Catholic Grand Priory’s candidate, who became the 72nd Grand Master, John Baptist di Tommasi. Tommasi died in 1805, and then the Pope tried to name Tommasi’s successor. This intervention was not acceptable to the Sovereign Council and to the majority of the Knights of St. John who were determined to elect their own leader as was the tradition and historic right of the Order. It was also generally known that Napoleon was directing the Pope’s choice for Grand Master. The SOSJ chose the Russian Czar as the head and Protector of the Order which was being managed by the Sovereign Council. They refused to recognize the papal appointments which followed thereafter, for they were not legitimately initiated by the Order. Early in the 19 th century, the Italian priories adopted the name Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The members of the fledgling SMOM declared themselves the legitimate continuation of the Order and refused to recognize the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. The knights of the SOSJ reciprocated by not recognizing the splinter group in Italy. The disagreement continues today. Indeed, it has only been in the past few years that the SMOM has grudgingly accepted Czar Paul I, but as the 72nd Grand Master of the Order. They continue to describe him as Grand Master “in fact” but not “in justice” because the Czar was a married Orthodox Christian. Nevertheless, the Order became an influential institution in Imperial Russia deeply involved with the preservation of the European monarchies in general, and with the Romanoff dynasty in particular. The two grand priories in Russia, one Catholic and the other principally Orthodox, educated young men at their school, the Corps des Pages, in St. Petersburg. The Corps des Pages was the academy for the creation of new Knights of Malta. The graduates of this school became leaders of the exclusive Guard Divisions and thereby protectors of the Imperial Family of Russia. Their tradition of health care was continued through the hospital and relief agency known as the Russian White Cross. The Sovereign Council, consisting of senior Knights of Justice, governed the Order and ensured its legal continuation. Initially the Order was led by Lieutenant Grand Master General Soltikoff after the death of Czar Paul I. Eventually the leadership of the SOSJ consisted of a President of the Sovereign Council who was assisted by a Grand Chancellor. These men reported directly to each reigning Russian czar who was described as the “Head of the Chapter.” Each Czarina was likewise traditionally the honorary head of the White Cross. The czars took personal custody of the Order’s famous icon of Our Lady of Philermos and the two relics which are the hand of St. John the Baptist and a piece of the True Cross. These were kept either at the Winter Palace or at the SOSJ Priory Chapel of the Gatchina Palace, depending upon the liturgical calendar. This arrangement continued until the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1797 Prince GM Ferdinand Pope Pius VI von Hompesch Czar Paul I 1798 GM Czar Paul I LGM J Count de Litta Prince de Conde GM Czar Paul I 1799 GM Czar Paul I LGM Field Marshall Prince de Conde GM Czar Paul I Count Soltykoff 1801 LGM Field Marshall Undetermined Czar Alexander I Czar Alexander I Count Soltykoff 1803 GM John Baptist di Tommasi Undetermined Czar Alexander Czar Alexander I 1805 Undetermined Czar Alexander Czar Alexander I 1825 Undetermined Senior Grand Duke Czar Nicholas I 1855 Undetermined Senior Grand Duke Czar Alexander II 1881 Undetermined Senior Grand Duke Czar Alexander III 1894 Undetermined G D Vladimir Czar Nicholas II THE INTERNATIONAL WHITE CROSS OF THE SOSJ In 1893 the Russian Ambassador to the United States, Prince Cantacuzene, Russian Admiral Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich and Russian Transportation Commissioner Colonel A. Cherep Spiridovich, introduced the Russian SOSJ White Cross at the Chicago World’s Fair to American civic leaders. Pope Leo XIII promised prominent civic leader Mrs. Potter Palmer of Chicago his support for her chairmanship of “Women of the World” presentations at the Fair and assigned Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul, Minnesota to work with her. Thereby began the SOSJ affiliation with an American White Cross movement supported by the Catholic Church. The American Cardinal Gibbons and Archbishop Ireland continued their affiliation with the White Cross and the Knights of St. John for at least twenty years thereafter. Archbishop Ireland was the head chaplain for the veterans of the Grand Army of the Republic and therefore had a responsibility for the welfare of American servicemen. Their initial efforts resulted in a White Cross headquarters in Portland, Oregon which coordinated American nurses sent to Cuba and the Philippine Islands during the Spanish-American War. The next public result of this Russian-American-Catholic coordination was an attempt in 1899 to get a Title 36 Charter from the U.S. Congress for the National White Cross of America. The proposed charter would have allowed the organization to continue hospital and relief work exclusively for the American military community. While it was passed through both the House and Senate without dissension, it was not ultimately signed into law by the President of the United States. General Nelson Miles and George Westinghouse of Pittsburgh were among those involved directly in the White Cross charter effort. The charter bill was passed to the foreign affairs desk and stalled indefinitely by those concerned about Russian and Catholic influence in the organization. After all, the White Cross was a Russian institution of the SOSJ, and Roman Catholic Archbishop John Ireland would be one of the founding members of the proposed American affiliate. Though the American White Cross proposed exclusive support for the American military community, the obvious competition with the American Red Cross which did similar work also concerned some politicians. Archbishop Ireland, Chief Chaplain for the Grand Army of the Republic, General Miles, commanding General of the U.S. Army, George Westinghouse of Pittsburgh, founder of Westinghouse Electric, Chicago industrialist Richard Teller Crane, Chicago real estate mogul Potter Palmer, and many others continued life long affiliations with Russia or with the Russian-American White Cross movement. Several things occurred in 1901 which would have long term effects on the SOSJ. Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich, son of the Russian OSJ Grand Prior, assisted Richard Teller Crane of Chicago with plans to organize the American White Cross in New York City. It is believed that they created the American International Academy and named explorer and geologist Francis C. Nicholas as its first president. This pan- American organization was designed for intelligence gathering operations. In 1901, the SMOM (Sovereign Military Order of Malta headquartered in Rome) and Cardinal Gibbons announced that an American Grand Priory would be started solely for the American Catholic members of a fraternal organization called the “Knights of St. John” which had been started about 1880 in imitation of the old order. Colonel Cherep Spiridovich, mentioned previously, became President of the Slavonic Society of Moscow. For five years, he had been Serbian Consul to Moscow, and was a member of the Serbian and later of the Russian Secret Services. The Slavonic Society was an intelligence operation which funneled arms and resources to nationalist elements in the Balkans. The patron of the Society was Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. His wife, Grand Duchess Ella, was the elder sister of the Russian Czarina. In 1903 the American Red Cross administrators restructured their organization and curtailed the authority of their founder, Clara Barton. Barton had been influenced in her famous work by the Russian White Cross and by the Johanniter Orden relief services in Europe. Her friend, Princess Louise of Baden, was the daughter of Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm II, Herrenmeister of the Johanniter Orden. The American Red Cross Field Service Superintendent was Edward Howe from the English St. John’s Ambulance Association. Barton resigned from the American Red Cross and established the National First Aid Association of America in the District of Columbia in 1904. She was assisted in this by men who had tried to start the American White Cross, namely General Nelson A. Miles and Field Superintendent Edward Howe. In 1904, R. T. Crane, U.S. Consul for Persia, built an emergency hospital clinic in Chicago in memory of a niece killed in a disastrous inner city fire. Mrs. Palmer sent funds from Chicago to the Russian Czarina, Patroness of the Russian White Cross, to be used for relief of victims of the Russo-Japanese War. St. Andrew’s Ambulance Society of Scotland received its new name and independence from the St. John’s Ambulance Association of England. In December, 1904 the American White Cross First Aid Society was started in Chicago by civic leader Mrs. Potter Palmer, Roman Catholic Cardinal Gibbons, the industrialist Andrew Carnegie, representatives of the U.S. Army and Edward Howe, formerly the American Red Cross Field Superintendent. Edward Howe was thus the field superintendant for both the National First Aid Association and for the American White Cross First Aid Society. A similar arrangement existed in England between the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the British Red Cross. The Catholic Church, American civic leaders, the U.S. Army and the English St. John’s Ambulance Association were thus working together with the Russian White Cross. This was the “ecumenical beginning” of the SOSJ of which Grand Chancellor Pichel described in his history of the SOSJ in 1958. The American White Cross First Aid Society had Mrs. Potter Palmer, Mrs. H. McCormick, Andrew Carnegie, R. T. Crane, General J. D. Irwin and Cardinal Gibbons as Vice Presidents. By association, this brought the Crane Family, the Cantacuzene Family, the McCormick Family, Nicholas Murray Butler, the American military medical community, and the Catholic Church into the White Cross ambulance work which soon followed. Besides Edward Howe, the moving force in the White Cross was the famous Chicago surgeon and Illinois militia officer Dr. Nicholas Senn. Dr. Senn had been President of the American Medical Association and a founder of the Association of U. S. Military Surgeons. He had also been involved with the early organizing activities of the White Cross. He was associated with the Knights in Russia and had visited them in St. Petersburg in 1902. He was instrumental in the organization of the program in New York. Unfortunately he died prematurely in 1908. After his death the American Red Cross was assured of the lead in national relief work, and in 1910, reinstated their “First Aid to the Injured” program. The American White Cross therefore eventually focused on large-scale relief overseas during war and famine. As we will later see, a 1921 relief association of American Catholics from the White Cross evolved into a new American Association of the SMOM in 1927. The Chicago Crane family affiliation with the White Cross eventually led, in 1941, to their daughter Frances’ marriage to OSJ Hereditary Knight Commander Belosselsky-Belozersky, in New York City. The White Cross work of the Chicago Palmers was continued by their relatives, the Cantacuzenes. Prince Michel Cantacuzene and Julia Grant Cantacuzene were members of the Romanian Prince Cantacuzene and President General Ulysses S. Grant families. An early and prominent member of the American White Cross was Wall Street lawyer William Nelson Cromwell, who was responsible for the success of, among many other projects, McCormick Harvester and Carnegie’s U.S. Steel Corporation. He became Grand Prior of the American SOSJ in 1912. Charles R. Crane, son of R. T. Crane, became a philanthropist, diplomat, and, unfortunately, a financial supporter of the first Russian revolution of February, 1917. IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST INTERNATIONAL ANARCHISTS THE SOSJ ADDS AN AMERICAN GRAND PRIORY The late 19th and early 20th centuries was an era of anarchist activism. The SOSJ in Russia searched for potential allies in its ongoing defense of Christendom. An epidemic of political assassinations and the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905 prompted the expansion of the Order into the United States. In 1905 Count Alexis Ignatiev, Commander of the SOSJ Chevalier Guards, was assassinated in Russia. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was also assassinated. The Grand Duke was the patron of the Slavonic Society of Moscow, of which Cherep Spiridovich was president. As mentioned previously, this agency was an intelligence organization funneling arms into the Balkans in support of nationalists struggling against the Turks, and is believed to have been an arm of the SOSJ. These events hastened the development of a permanent presence of the Knights of St. John in America, in addition to their White Cross First Aid Society, to ensure the Order’s survival and to tap the resources of the American Republic. At the time of his death, Grand Duke Sergei was the Military Governor General of Moscow and had worked to uncover the cells of anarchists who were responsible for constant murders of government officials to include his own father’s assassination. His wife Grand Duchess Elizabeth, sister of Czarina Alexandra, was involved in the research to unmask the anarchists and this interest brought them both into contact with an Orthodox spiritual writer named Sergei Alexandrovich Nilus. Nilus was one of the earliest men to produce a copy of the “Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion” and Grand Duchess Ella introduced him and the Protocols to her sister and to Czar Nicholas II. Major General Arthur Cherep-Spiridovich, President of the Slavonic Society, was thereby one of the earliest members of any Intelligence Service to see the Protocols. He was given the mandate by the Russian Imperial family to investigate the matter and to spread the alarm about “the hidden hand” of international Zionism and its conspiracy to gain global control. He was made a Count of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius X about 1907. He was President of the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia, which he referred to as the Celtic-Latino-Slav League, and was one of the principal organizers of the American branch of the SOSJ. His patronesses, Czarina Alexandra and Grand Duchess Ella, were convinced of the authenticity of the international conspiracy and eventually both were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918. After the death of Dr. Nicholas Senn in 1908, the American White Cross movement with headquarters in Chicago was expanded further by union with the Knights of St. John and Malta Hospital and Relief Association of Brooklyn, New York. The organization was named White Cross Hospital and Relief Association. The main offices of the relief association remained at the GAR Hall, at 990 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn. The headquarters of this new association was apparently being prepared at what is now called the Audubon Terrace on North Broadway in New York City. Senior knights were building a facility to be complete in every aspect for the conduction of the affairs of the Order. The proposed headquarters on Broadway in New York City can be seen at www.museumplanet.com/tour.php/nyc/at/5. Charles Hayward and George Bruce, formerly of the Knights of St John and Malta Hospital and Relief Association, had joined with senior SOSJ knights, many of whom were agents of the Imperial Russian Secret Service. Most of them were Catholic Knights of Malta of the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia, and represented many of the nations of Europe. They considered this American association not only as a new organization for the Americas, but as the continuation of the old Polish Grand Priory that had been in the minority in Russia since 1815. Major General Arthur Cherep Spiridovich, President of the remnant Catholic Grand Priory of Russia, was among the coordinators of this expansion. By this time the general was also an emissary of Czarina Alexandra of Russia, Patroness of the Russian SOSJ White Cross and of her sister Grand Duchess Elizabeth. As an intelligence operative, he was handled by the Russian Ambassador to the U. S., Baron Rosen. He was also an agent of the Serbian royal family. This began a long relationship between the OSJ in America and the Yugoslavian royal family. The four orders of St. John jockeyed for positions of influence in American society. These included the SOSJ, the SMOM, The German Order of St. John and the British Venerable Order of St. John. The constant interaction with the aristocracy, nobility and royalty of the Old World motivated some American members to become involved in genealogical and racial studies. To qualify for knighthood in accordance with the ancient rules of the SOSJ was nearly impossible for Americans. The result of the strict admittance qualifications was the founding by private individuals of the National Genealogical Society, the interaction with an unrecognized College of Arms of Canada, the founding of the American Heraldry Association, and, to some degree, the support of the early racial eugenics movement. Various patriotic and genealogical societies were established during this period to qualify Americans and Canadians for OSJ knighthood. The Lords of Manors of Baltimore, Scions of Colonial Cavaliers, Order of Colonial Dames, Imperial Order of the Yellow Rose, and the Order of the White Crane are some of the societies the American knights started. In 1909, Grand Duke Vladimir was assassinated in Russia, and his son, Grand Duke Cyril, thereby became Grand Prior of the OSJ Russian Grand Priory. Grand Duke Vladimir had cultivated relations between the SOSJ in Russia, the German Order of St. John and the Spanish Order of St. John the Baptist. The German and Spanish orders were branches of the original Order. He had also encouraged the American members of the White Cross to further develop those relationships. German influence on the new OSJ American Association through the Johanniter Orden Protector Emperor Wilhelm II and his brother Prince Henry of Prussia was evident before World War I with exchange visits by the industrialist Cornelius Vanderbilt and President of Columbia University Nicholas Murray Butler. German influence also came from the Czarina and her sister Ella who were both members of German royalty. That relationship, which developed with both the Protestant Johanniter Orden and with the Catholic Malteser Orden, continued from joint efforts in the Baltic during the Russian Civil War through the redevelopment of the German Intelligence Service after WWII. Colonel Dr. Wm. Sohier Bryant, MD, of New York City, and lawyer Wm. B. Stites of New Jersey wrote a constitution in 1911 to form an American Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem from members of the American White Cross. The American Grand Priory constitution was accepted by the membership in 1912. The new Grand Priory included the Grand Priory of Russia, i.e., the former Catholic OSJ Grand Priory of Poland. The headquarters of the knights was initially the meeting hall of the Knights of St. John and Malta at Wurzler’s Building, 315 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. Most early meetings were held at Joseph Burrows office at 56-58 Pine Street, near Wall Street. Wall Street lawyer William Nelson Cromwell became American Grand Prior in 1912, and meetings thereafter were usually held at his offices in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. According to Pichel, this continued until 1929, after which the meetings were held at Dr. Bryant’s office in the Murray Hill section of New York City. In 1912 the Order consisted of the Russian Grand Priory in Russia and the new American Grand Priory and its subsidiary, the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia, which included remnants of the Spanish Caballeros Hospitalarios de San Juan Bautista. The Russian Grand Priory was composed mainly of Slavic Knights of the Orthodox Faith. The American Grand Priory leaders were mostly socially prominent Protestant Episcopalians from New York City and Chicago. There was also a small group of American descendants of Catholic Celtic Jacobites, who were still followers of the old Stuart Pretender to the throne of England and Scotland. The Pretender at the time was Queen Mary IV of Bavaria, and an army physician named Edgar Erskine Hume was among the Knights of Malta who later considered Mary’s successor, Crown Prince Rupprecht, as their “rightful sovereign.” The American Grand Prior, William Nelson Cromwell, and Dr. Francis C. Nicholas had had contact with Spanish Knights of St. John during years of preparation work for the American Panama Canal project. Interaction with the Spanish knights was also the result of Americans meeting Spanish knights during the Spanish-American War from 1898 to 1900, and later during the Mexican civil wars. The remnant Castellany of Guadalajara, Mexico, of the Spanish Order of St. John the Baptist joined the American Grand Priory with their monarchist Pretender, Don Agustin Yturbide. King Alphonso XIII of Spain was the protector of the remnants of the Spanish Order which was given a papal blessing as late as 1879. He expanded his association to the SOSJ in America. American Catholics, however, had been joining a fraternal organization similar to the present day Knights of Columbus, called the Knights of St. John, since it was founded in the 1880’s. By the turn of the century, a union of all military style fraternal associations of the Catholic Church in America, to be called the Roman Catholic Union of the Knights of St. John, was supported by Cardinal Gibbons and Archbishop Ireland. Therefore, Catholic knights of the SOSJ had difficulty determining their loyalties, not only because of the broad spectrum of their own origins and nationalities, but also because of the presence of this non-chivalric fraternal organization supported by the Catholic Church. Prominent Catholics associated with the SOSJ who were disenchanted with their order’s political leanings eventually founded, in 1927, the American Association of the SMOM. Edgar Erskine Hume, MD, was among this group of former members of the SOSJ. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1912 Undetermined Czar Nicholas II Russian Grand Priory G D Cyril American Grand Priory W S Bryant W N Cromwell J G B Bulloch 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich (Celtic-Latin-Slav League) a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. G H Bruce THE AMERICAN GRAND PRIORY VENTURES INTO FOREIGN SERVICE The English started a private intelligence gathering operation supported by their government in 1904 called the Legion of Frontiersmen. This organization, composed of wealthy patriotic English volunteers, prefigured MI6. Members of this group, traveling worldwide as was their customary lifestyle, became an important source for the British Empire’s constant need for information. The American White Cross was being used in similar fashion, and the new American Grand Priory expanded on that practice. The most prominent families in the United States joined the American Grand Priory of the SOSJ, and thereby developed the first American civilian foreign intelligence network. American Grand Priory leaders, Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University, Archer Huntington, founder of the Hispanic Society of America, William Nelson Cromwell, Wall Street lawyer and Francis C. Nicholas, founder of the American International Academy, are among those who crafted the American Grand Priory into an intelligence organization. Nicholas, a mining engineer and explorer, had done Cromwell’s Panama Canal construction feasibility studies. He had also done geological research in Central and South America for Archer Huntington and Colonel William Lamb, who were supplying fuel coal to the Russian Navy. These men wielded significant influence in the United States during the late 19th through the mid 20 th centuries. Some results of their careers include the founding of the Republic of Panama, and the successful purchase and construction of the Panama Canal. They were also responsible for the founding of the Pan- American “Organization of American States” and directly influenced the founders of the Central Intelligence Agency. Others prominent in the OSJ at this time included John Jacob Astor until his death on the Titanic, J. P. Morgan, J P Morgan, Jr. and the extended Cornelius Vanderbilt and Chicago Crane families. The Mexican White Cross association was promoted by Don Agustin Yturbide, OSJ, Pretender to the royal throne of Mexico. Cromwell used the College of Arms of Canada, of which Yturbide was President, to create dissension during congressional hearings into the Panama Canal controversy. Legalistic maneuvering about ancient French noble rights in Canada brought pressure on Great Britain to drop complaints about the U. S. control of the canal. This preceeded by many decades the modern secession movement of French speaking Canada. Grand Chancellor Bulloch was involved in this movement which tended to divide the OSJ into Anglophile and Francophile factions. Cromwell had become a seasoned veteran at creating trusts, monopolies and even countries by using revolution if necessary. The principle White Cross societies besides America and Russia were located in Spain and Mexico. Dr. Francis C. Nicholas was involved during the Mexican Civil War from 1912 to 1914 as a White Cross “observer.” The English St. John’s Ambulance Brigade was started in Canada, and may have helped with the founding of the White Cross in Brooklyn as well. The American Grand Priory also had a history of cooperation with members of the monarchist and anti- Semitic Russian Black Hundred’s Movement due to their association with Cherep Spiridovich. Admiral Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich, OSJ, was the head of Russian Naval Intelligence. He spent time in the United States developing relationships with the wealthiest people in American society. His regular traveling companion became Major Barclay Harding Warburton of the U.S. Army Military Intelligence community. Warburton was a member of the “East Coast Establishment,” and was closely related to the Wannamaker and Vanderbilt families. The American Grand Priory cooperated with Russian Naval Intelligence and the Russian Secret Service directed by Baron Rosen. Grand Duke Alexander was elected the 73rd Grand Master of the SOSJ in 1913 during meetings in New York City at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1913 Grand Master G D Alexander Michaelovich Undetermined Czar Nicholas II Russian Grand Priory G D Cyril American Grand Priory W S Bryant W N Cromwell J G B Bulloch 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. W W Butcher A MacNaughton The First World War found the American Grand Priory allying itself with the Entente. In 1915 Colonel Robert R. McCormick, of Chicago Tribune fame, reported from the Russian front lines while interviewing Knights of Malta who were graduates of the SOSJ Corps des Pages. The White Cross Hospital and Relief Association named its overseas work “The American Ambulance” partly because Socialists had taken to the use of the “White Cross” name. Anarchists embedded themselves into the Red Cross movement as well. This was similar to the use of the so-called “Peace Movement” by internationalists, socialists and Communists in the 1960’s. Members of the American Grand Priory quickly became the leaders of massive relief efforts during WWI. W.N. Cromwell helped to start the Lafayette Escadrille Flying Corps with Cornelius Vanderbilt and Dr. Ed Gros of the American Ambulance. This Corps was later supported by the Order of Lafayette. Rep. Hamilton Fish of New York was both a member of this order and the reinstituted Order of Lafayette following WWII. Unfortunately, the SOSJ is implicated in the support and possibly in the direction of the “bloodless revolution” in Russia in the opening months of 1917. REVOLUTIONARIES WITHIN THE SOSJ CONTRIBUTE TO ANARCHY Until the First World War, relations between the German Order of St. John, the English Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, and the SOSJ were mostly cooperative. The leaders of these organizations, many of them members of royal houses, were often close family relatives and/or financially interdependent. The European royal families were well aware of the survival of the SOSJ in Russia. Queen Victoria’s son, the Duke of Connaught, led the English Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem for many decades. He was closely associated with, and related to, Grand Duke Alexander and others of the Romanoff family. He had been present in 1894 at the marriage of Czar Nicholas II and Alexandra of Germany in the tiny Winter Palace Chapel, in which the chief relics and icon of the SOSJ were prominently venerated. Before Alexander I became its king, the Duke of Connaught had been seriously considered for the throne of Yugoslavia. He was Grand Duchess Victoria Melita’s uncle, and at one time was the potential father-in-law of Grand Duke Alexander’s daughter. The Duke of Connaught, led for many decades both the English Venerable Order and, as Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, the Masonic Knights Templar. As the English Governor-General of Canada from 1910 to 1916, he had a relationship with the American Masonic Knights of Malta. He also had some influence over the American Masonic Knights Templar. Unfortunately, the new American members of the White Cross and SOSJ American Grand Priory did not heed the prohibitions on Freemasonic affiliation that had been enforced in Russia. When they joined with the SOSJ from Russia, some persisted in their Masonic affiliation as Templars. The amalgamation of the SOSJ with the Knights of St. John and the Malta Hospital and Relief Association brought Freemasons into the ranks of the American Grand Priory. The new Grand Priory of 1912 was thereby influenced by Freemasonry and Anti-Catholicism. The Freemasons who came into the Grand Priory had believed in a descent of their fraternity from an ill-defined Templar-Malta Order from France, or from the old “reformed” Torpichen Preceptory in Scotland. Some of the new members were the aforementioned Catholic Jacobites but there was also a small but significant number of Rosicrucians. A significant philosophy of the Rosicrucians included an anti-Semitic and racial superiority agenda. Some prominent members appear to have persisted in the Freemasonic quest for humanistic “freedoms” which had caused the downfall so many Christian kingdoms. In Imperial Russia it was widely known that Freemasonry had been prohibited because it is a fraternity designed for Revolution. Their personal philosophies supported the exportation of “democratic” ideals of the United States of America, which did not translate peacefully into the needs for social change in Imperial Russia. The American Grand Prior, William Nelson Cromwell, was a well known adept at high level regime change. The lifestyles enjoyed by Americans, combined with the Wilsonian theme of spreading Democracy worldwide, appear to have seduced both Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander and Russian Grand Prior Grand Duke Cyril into revolutionary scheming against Czar Nicholas II. Many others in the Imperial Romanoff family were sympathetic to liberal Socialist plans to end the absolute monarchy in Russia, and the American Grand Priory of the SOSJ is implicated in their revolutionary activities. Unfortunately the Czar and his wife were also influenced by occultism which was in vogue in their society, and of which Rasputin was an infamous practitioner. This behavior during wartime on the part of the Czar and his family caused extreme anxiety in Russia and helped to prompt militant action among the diverse forces determined to transform the monarchy. The story of Rasputin’s influence on the Imperial family and on the politics of Russia is widely known. It is not generally known, however, that Grand Duke Alexander directed the assassination of the spiritualist monk Gregori Rasputin in late 1916. The men directly involved in the murder of Rasputin were the Grand Duke’s sons, son-in-law, cousin and a member of British MI6. The Russians were all students or graduates of the SOSJ Corps des Pages. Grand Duke Alexander afterward successfully interceded with the czar on behalf of the assassins, all Knights of St. John. Grand Duchess Ella was the head of the White Cross Supreme Council in Russia which oversaw all Hospitaller activity during WWI. In 1916, the OSJ “American Ambulance in Russia,” which was organized by Hamilton Fish III, Dr. Philip Newton, Capt. Philip Lydig, Nicholas Murray Butler, Colonel Robert McCormick and Colonel Theodore Roosevelt of New York City and Chicago, started service on the Russian Front. Their patroness was a daughter of the Czar, Grand Duchess Tatiana Romanoff. The American Grand Prior, William Nelson Cromwell, distanced himself from the adventure as his name was too well connected with American engineered foreign revolutions of the recent past. Instead, Charles Richard Crane of the Chicago White Cross assisted with financing revolutionary change in Russia. The American Ambulance in Russia, at least financially and philosophically, supported the Kerensky Regime. The Knights may have also tactically supported the first Russian revolution in the early months of 1917. Prime Minister Kerensky was on the payroll of the American Ambulance. Grand Duke Cyril was in charge of the troops available to defend the Czar in St. Petersburg. He used his naval guard corps to passively support the forced abdication of Czar Nicholas II. Though many blamed both the February and later the October Revolutions on Jewish revolutionaries supported by Germany, both Grand Duke Cyril and Grand Duke Alexander were ostracized by many Russians because of their alliances with the Freemasons and other Social Humanists. Grand Duke Alexander was able to retain his elevated status due to the position of his wife, the Grand Duchess Xenia, sister of the Czar. THE KORNILOV AFFAIR A Counter Revolution was soon planned by Russian Guard officers under Generals Keller, Markov and Kornilov. General Count Keller, OSJ, an intimate of the Russian Imperial family and friend of German monarchists, had refused to accept the abdication of the Czar. As an influential member of the SOSJ he singlehandedly started the resistance of the Knights whose historical charge was the defense of Imperial Russia and the Romanoff family. These monarchists managed to place many of their sympathizers in command of the armed forces in St. Petersburg. Colonel Pavel Bermondt, who served in an Ussuri Cossack unit of Keller’s 3rd Cavalry Corps, was one of these officers and was given command of an Ulan cavalry regiment in St. Petersburg. Captain Sidney Reilly of MI6 was also in charge of a cavalry contingent during this conspiracy. A coup d’etat was planned which would coordinate the armed members of a large number of Russian patriotic societies to join with an approaching Guard army under General Kornilov to depose Kerensky. Kerensky was forewarned and he armed the Bolsheviks to defend his government and the city against the Monarchists. The Kornilov uprising attempt failed and most of the conspirators, including Bermondt, were jailed. Many were able to escape with the assistance of sympathizers. Kerensky had armed the Bolsheviks and the failed Kornilov coup d’etat had thus prepared the way for a third, but violent revolt, in October of 1917. The October Revolution of the atheistic Bolsheviks was successful and merciless. THE SOSJ RESPONDS TO THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION As noted above, the first response against the socialist revolutionaries of the Kerensky Provisional Government came from Count Keller, OSJ. The Count immediately started working with German General Rudiger Von der Goltz to build a German-Russian army of monarchist volunteers in the Baltic states. This cooperation between the German and Russian orders of St. John was the attempt to return both Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm II and Czar Nicholas II to their thrones. On September 15, 1917, J. G. B. Bulloch, MD, first cousin of President Teddy Roosevelt, incorporated the Order of Lafayette in New York City with an international membership as a recruiting front for the SOSJ. An American counter revolutionary effort became immediately prominent since it became apparent from both government and military intelligence reports that Jewish anarchists were in the majority in the new Bolshevik government in St. Petersburg. The revolutionaries had developed their operational base in the Lower East Side district of New York City. The American Grand Priory became isolated due to its support of the first “Bloodless Revolution” in Russia and thereafter remained in the hands of operatives of the anti-Bolshevik intelligence communities. The American Grand Priory of the SOSJ concentrated its activities in NYC, Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. It worked to defeat the international anarchist movements and to expose their aligned secret societies. The Poles responded both to stop the Bolshevik advance into their territory and to take advantage of their new found independence from both Russia and Germany. The Polish White Cross was founded in New York a few days after the Bolshevik Revolution. Its president was Count Jerzy Potocki, OSJ, who became Polish Ambassador to the United States. Ignace Paderewski, the famous pianist, helped to start the Polish White Cross in New York in October and used the resources of the American Ambulance in Russia. His wife, Madame Paderewski, daughter of Baron Rosen, OSJ, was Patroness of the Polish White Cross. The Polish effort was both an intelligence operation and relief service of the old Polish Grand Priory which was now part of the American Grand Priory. The Catholic Knights of the Polish White Cross eventually renamed their organization the Grand Priory of Podolia in honor of the birthplace of Ignace Paderewski. Captain Sidney Reilly of MI6 and Colonel William J. Donovan, US State Department Intelligence, were also associates of Ignace Paderewski, who became the first President of Free Poland. COUNT KELLER, PRINCE AWALOFF AND GRAND DUKE CYRIL SALVAGE THE RUSSIAN GRAND PRIORY After the failed Kornilov Affair, imprisonment and the October Revolution, many Guard officers were able to escape and flee to the Don Cossacks in the Ukraine. There they helped to create the Volunteer Army with the assistance of Ukrainian separatists. Generals Alekseev, Denikin and Kolchak were the early leaders and they started the Russian Civil War to defeat the Bolsheviks. Grand Duke Cyril was now a potential inheritor of the Russian throne and gave his support to the remnant of the SOSJ headed by Count Keller and his fellow Knights. The Russian Order of St. John rallied to form a secretive organization of officers and civilian nobility called the White Cross Society under Generals Markov and Count Keller. The Russian Grand Duke Cyril and the German Grand Duke of Hesse were members of the organization as German monarchists assisted the White Cross effort to rescue their kin, the Czarina Alexandra and her family. American Lt. Col. Joseph Boyle and his machine gun detachment may have been part of this effort by the Order to rescue members of the Imperial family. Among the conspirators was the son-in-law of Rasputin and the Czarinas best friend Anna Vyrubova. The Imperial family was murdered by the Bolsheviks in July, 1918. The historical record shows that Count Keller and most of the well known General officers from the SOSJ fought for Imperial Russia until killed in action against the Bolsheviks during the following year. General Markov had been the Director of the Nicholas Cavalry School in St. Petersburg. This school was a post graduate school for the elite cavalry Guard officers most of whom came from the SOSJ Corps des Pages. Markov organized his Guard officers on February 12, 1918 and instituted a black Maltese cross badge for those in his unit. Count Keller was a graduate of the Corps des Pages and his father had been one of its last Commandants. General Keller used a large plain white Maltese cross breast badge for all troops under his command. The belief in an international socialist conspiracy was central to their understanding of the revolution. Count Keller also worked with monarchist German General Rudiger Von der Goltz to start a German backed government in the Baltic and recruited Russian POW’s in Germany for this army. As noted earlier their combined plan was to join their forces in an attempt to replace the rightful monarchs both in Germany and in Russia. Colonel Bermondt was the chief of counter intelligence for this Volunteer Army and he promoted the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion and the international conspiracy theory widely among the White Russian and later among the German troops in the Baltic. General Keller was soon fighting Ukrainian Socialist formations and was captured in Kiev with the remnant of the Volunteer Army in December 1918. Bermondt and many of his fellow Monarchists were once again jailed. This time they were scheduled for execution. Count Keller was shot by the Bolsheviks while in captivity. Fortunately a German army freed many of the Russian officers, including Bermondt, and took them back to Germany where they were interned in Camp Salzvedel near Berlin. German Monarchists had already taken up the cause of the Russian White Guard as they faced the same threat from international Bolshevism and their own Socialist Weimar Government. The SOSJ ties encouraged with the Germans before the war were bearing fruit for the exiled knights who had survived the Revolution. Beside his association with William Nelson Cromwell, Colonel Bermondt now became connected with other members of the American Grand Priory and to Boris Brasol and Major General Count Cherep Spiridovich due to his work against the one world conspiracy. It was in Camp Salzvedel during January to April 1919 that Colonel Bermondt and his fellow Russian Guard officers reestablished the Russian Grand Priory of the Sovereign Imperial Order of St. John of Jerusalem. On March 4, 1919 by Order number 24 he made the Maltese cross breast badge the emblem of his SOSJ army and enameled it black in memory of General Graf Keller. High level German nationalists backed this re-establishment of the Russian Sovereign Imperial Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Among them was General Ludendorff who had been Chief of Staff of the German Army during WWI. His chief intelligence officer Major Walter Nicholai was also involved. The Protector of the Order was the legitimate heir to the Russian throne, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich. Grand Duke Cyril continued to finance the SOSJ venture with the help of the American Grand Priory. Prince Awaloff and Grand Duke Cyril planned to join with German forces to drive the Bolsheviks out of the Baltic. This idea to cooperate with Germany was unique to these Knights of St. John who believed that Russian-German cooperation was the only way to rid the world of the Bolsheviks. In 1919 Colonel Prince Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt, supported by the Johanniter Orden, the Romanoff Pretender Grand Duke Cyril, and American financier J. P. Morgan, Jr., OSJ, became Commander in chief of the Russian Imperial Army. He led the SOSJ and apparently Johanniterorden plan, financed through attorney W. N. Cromwell, OSJ American Grand Priory, to clear the Bolsheviks from the Baltic and to set up a pro-German government. Most of the officials of what became known in the Fall of 1919 as the West Russian Government were members of the OSJ. Prince Awaloff recorded much of this information in his memoirs which he wrote in 1925 in Hamburg, Germany. Bermondt was first addressed by the royal title of Prince Awaloff in September, 1919. Prince Awaloff states that he was adopted at this time by Prince Michael Awaloff from whom he gained the royal title. It is just as likely that Bermondt was elected Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem which would have given him the royal title of Prince. We must wait for further information to confirm this suspicion and we therefore retain the claims of Grand Duke Alexander as Grand Master during this period. During the Baltic campaign, Baron Rudolf Engelhardt and Baron Engelhardt-Schnellenstein, both close relatives of Lt. Grand Master Baron Scipio Engelhardt-Schnellenstein (1954-1956) and Admiral Felix Count Luckner, who also became the Lt. Grand Master of the OSJ (1962-1966) worked with Prince Awaloff in the Baltic venture. The Bavarian Freikorps, some of whom were associated with the Stewart Pretender Crown Prince Rupprecht, wore the Maltese Cross. (The possible connection with the Royal Stuart Jacobite Pretender in Bavaria has not yet been researched by the SOSJ.) The relics and icon were rescued from the SOSJ Priory at the Gatchina Palace outside of St. Petersburg in October, 1919, by men of the army of the White Russian General Yudenitch. They were brought to Reval, Estonia, and delivered to the former Russian Master of Court Ceremonies Count Alexei Ignatiev. Ignatiev was head of the Russian White Cross in Estonia, a leader of the Russian SOSJ and a son of the murdered Count Ignatiev, Commander of the SOSJ Chevalier Guards. The relics and icon were then delivered to the SOSJ headquarters in Mitau and there were solemnly received by Prince Awaloff and General Von der Goltz. Later the relics and icon were placed in the hands of the Romanov Queen Mother, Dagmar Feodorovna. She kept the relics at Villa Hvidore, her residence in exile near Copenhagen, until her death in 1928. Awaloff proclaimed himself Governor-General of Western Russia for a brief time. The short-lived government in the Duchy of Courland, Latvia, with headquarters in Mitau, was the closest that the Order had come to gaining a permanent sovereign territory since the loss of Malta in 1798. There were other plans by Russian exiles to retake their country. One of them was planned and undertaken by Baron Taube as potential Secretary of State who enlisted Russian Jewish bankers to fund General Yudenitch in an attempt to retake St. Petersburg with a Northwestern Army. They also would have supported Grand Duke Cyril as the new Czar. Their White Russian army in northwestern Russia ultimately failed in its attempt to take St. Petersburg. Awaloff refused to place his command under General Yudenitch and Baron Taube, whom he considered to be controlled by “conspiratorial forces”, that is, the Jewish bankers. Baron Taube eventually became an antagonist of the SOSJ. The Western Russian Volunteer Army of Prince Awaloff initially gained advantage and took Riga from the Bolsheviks. However, the British Naval Squadron that had been supporting the left flank of General Yudenitch’s drive into St. Petersburg for political reasons abandoned Yudenitch and directed its guns on the forces of the SOSJ. This intervention caused the defeat of both the SOSJ anti-Bolshevik force of Prince Awaloff and of the drive into St. Petersburg by General Yudenitch. The Knights of St. John ultimately retreated into Germany due to lack of support from the socialist Weimar Government and the treason of the Entente British and French governments. These entities propped up the Bolshevik regime which was about to crumble. The result of this intervention was 75 years of Communist dictatorship for a large portion of the world. The Knights of this army of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem became known as the “Baltic Brotherhood”. When the SOSJ was exiled from the Russian Imperial City its historic mission as defender of the Catholic Church and secondary mission to defend Orthodox Russia brought it into opposition to those Orders of St. John that were connected to Freemasonry. It was widely known that Grand Master Czar Paul I had been killed by Freemasons, and that Czar Alexander II was killed by anarchists with Freemasonic backgrounds. It was acknowledged that these same revolutionary philosophies were now responsible for the loss of yet another Christian monarchy, and for the deaths of Czar Nicholas II and his family. This included, among the many members of the OSJ who were simply murdered by the Bolsheviks: the Patroness of the American Grand Priory relief operation, Grand Duchess Tatiana, the Patroness of the White Cross, Czarina Alexandra and the Protector and leader of the SOSJ, Czar Nicholas II. Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander’s friend, Major Warburton, was the U.S. Military Charge d’Affaires in Paris at the end of the war. Grand Duke Alexander and his immediate family survived the Bolshevik purge of the Romanovs during a long captivity in the Crimea. When rescued by the British navy he went straight to Paris. He attempted to get into the international peace talks which followed WW I to plea for help for those trapped inside Russia. He was refused admission to the peace conference and all of his personal efforts failed to save any of the Russian Imperial Family, who had, unknown to him, already been murdered by the Bolsheviks. Thereafter, it appears that Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander could not cope with his involvement in the first revolution which installed the Provisional Government. All of his brothers were killed by the Bolsheviks soon after they seized power from the Kerensky regime. The Grand Duke spent the rest of his life involved in spiritualism, apparently attempting to gain forgiveness from his murdered brother-in-law, Czar Nicholas II. THE AMERICAN GRAND PRIORY JOINS THE FIGHT AGAINST THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONALE The American Grand Priory was peopled with the scions of Wall Street and the “Eastern Establishment.” These men and women, many of them active or reserve officers in the military, worked with the fledgling western military intelligence communities and made the Grand Priory the first civilian foreign intelligence organization in the United States. Their intimate associates included the brothers John Foster and Allen Welsh Dulles who were nephews of U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing. Both were Wall Street lawyers who worked directly for William Nelson Cromwell, OSJ. John Foster Dulles eventually became President Eisenhauer’s Secretary of State, and Allen Welsh Dulles was instrumental in founding the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. One of the Chicago Crane sons became Asst. Secretary of State under Lansing. Another close associate was Wall Street lawyer “Wild Bill” William J. Donovan, who founded the Office of Strategic Services, and eventually became a knight of the SMOM. As a result of the “success” of SOSJ international ventures President Woodrow Wilson and his friend Colonel Edward M. House had created “The Inquiry” at the American Grand Priory headquarters in New York City in 1917. This early “think tank” became the internationalist advisory Council on Foreign Relations in 1921, which, ironically, is widely thought to be in control of the “One World Conspiracy.” The liberal wing of the Knights of Malta continued to be active in international affairs. The Irish White Cross relief effort was run by future founders of the American SMOM, James Phelan and Judge Morgan J. O’Brien. Grand Duke Cyril became the head of a secret army scattered around the world in which the SOSJ played a significant role. In New York City alone there were reportedly three thousand former White Russian military officers organizing for counter-revolution. The SOSJ was an important participant in counterrevolutionary engagement in Eastern Europe throughout the 20th century. It engaged in small unit warfare in the regions controlled by the Communists. The Order gathered intelligence on the international revolutionary movements. It engaged in psychological warfare operations including the distribution of anti-Bolshevist information such as the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion.” This document allegedly details a plot by elite Jews to control the world through finance, and it has been the cause of political and social unrest during the past one hundred years. Because the Communist movement in Russia was dominated by Jews from New York, the American military intelligence community continued to join the ranks of the SOSJ as sworn enemies of the “International Conspiracy.” Among those included were the following: Colonel Harris Ayres Houghton, MD, Colonel John Jacob Astor, Major General Ralph Van Deman, Colonel William Sohier Bryant, MD, Major General Frederick Dent Grant, Colonel Nicholas Biddle, Major Barclay Harding Warburton, Major Walter Miller, Colonel Robert R. McCormick, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Major John B. Trevor and Captain Sidney Reilly. All of these prominent members of the armed forces have close association with their successors in the Military Affairs Committee of the SOSJ that are found in the Order records well into the 1980’s. Cherep Spiridovich was personally presented to J. Edgar Hoover by the US Ambassador to Romania, T. Tileston Wells, and was supported by Grand Duke Cyril’s U.S. representative, Boris Brasol, by U.S. Treasury Secretary, Robert McAdoo and of course by the Chicago Crane family. Many of the White Russian armed forces were encamped in the Balkan countries after the Russian Civil War. These forces, often led by Knights of Malta, represented the “fifty American oriented strongholds” which were promised in Eastern Europe by Cherep Spiridovich to Hoover and Lansing during his presentations. Presented as a private alternative to the League of Nations, the A-L-S League, which was the remnant of the SOSJ in Eastern Europe, had been a bulwark against the spread of Islam. It now was promoted as a force against the new menace of Bolshevism. This A-L-S League was soon being called the Anti-Bolshevist League. Cromwell, the Dulles brothers, and the Masonic Knights Templar T. Tileston Wells founded, in 1920, the Society of Friends of Romania as a successor to the American Romanian Relief Council with the help of the Romanian Royal Family. Queen Marie was a prominent member of the OSJ. There is evidence that Count A. Cherep-Spiridovich’s presentation of the Anglo-Latino-Slavic League to J. Edgar Hoover of the Justice Department’s Bureau of Investigation, and to Secretary of State Robert Lansing was the impetus for founding the Society of Friends of Albania, and later the Society of Friends of Yugoslavia. In 1941, the American Friends of Yugoslavia was begun by Wm. J. Donovan, founder of the OSS and Hamilton Fish Armstrong, long serving First Secretary of the CFR. At this time, the “Little Entente” was created by the Balkan countries as a mutual protection pact, and the American “societies of friends” allowed for civilian “access” in the fledgling efforts to contain the Bolsheviks. Civilian experts in the early 20th century on the so-called “Jewish Problem” became involved with the SOSJ. Among them were Paquita de Shishmareff, Fr. Denis Fahey, Lady Edith Starr Miller Queenborough, John B. Trevor, Jr. and Princess Julia Grant Cantacuzene. Much of their knowledge had been gained from the work of Monseigneur Jouin of France, who, with the blessing of the Pope, researched and wrote about secret societies involved with the occult and humanist movements. Father Ernest Jouin appears to have been associated with A. Cherep Spriridovich, OSJ in this research during the early decades of the last century. All the work of the knights of the SOSJ to include research and education efforts did help the Vatican and the monarchies of Sweden, Spain and Denmark to survive. Unfortunately, the knights failed to prevent the collapse of the Balkan monarchies that resulted from the Allied “victory” after WWII. GERMAN NATIONALISTS NURTURE THE WHITE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT-IN-EXILE The Russian Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem had been first re-organized by the monarchists in the Ukraine as an anti-Bolshevik army. German General Ludendorf assigned Walter Nicholai, the leader of German Military Intelligence during WWI, to develop the Order’s intelligence service for Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich. After the defeat of the army in the Baltic campaign the OSJ essentially became a paramilitary intelligence agency. In 1916 Russian Secret Service Lieutenant Boris Brasol had been stationed permanently in New York City. He developed a career as an anti-Bolshevik expert and informer with American Military Intelligence and the fledgling intelligence department of the United States Department of State after the Bolshevik Revolution. Boris Brasol and Cherep Spiridovich were the principal SOSJ intelligence operatives in the United States. Brasol helped Major General Cherep Spiridovich redirect SOSJ activities in the West against international anarchism and the “One World” global agenda. They both championed the validity of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. An associate of Prince Awaloff, General Constantin Sakharov, was head of the military division of the Russian Grand Priory. That division came to be known under the front name of Russian National Society. The Russian National Society worked from offices at 5 Columbia Circle in Manhattan from 1921. Grand Duke Cyril, the Heir Apparent, declared himself Protector of the Russian Throne in July, 1922. He positioned his government in Lubeck, Germany where he was titled from 1918 to 1938 as Sovereign Prince Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. His wife’s ancestral home was a castle in Coberg, Bavaria, and this became his initial residence. He created his Court and permanent residence on the seacoast of France in St. Briac, Brittany. Supported by nationalist elements of the German government since the Russian Civil War, he had been the nominal head of the pro-German Western Russian Government in northwest Europe in 1919. Walter Nicholai, the leader of German Military Intelligence during WWI, expanded the SOSJ intelligence service for Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich in order to closely cooperate with Aufbau. Aufbau was the White Russian monarchical organization which was founded to coordinate the future economic recovery of Russia. Colonel Nicholai founded Organization Consul ©, a “full-service” intelligence operation which matched the Bolsheviks in ability to assassinate leaders of the opposition. Until his death in 1938, Grand Duke Cyril was to be the chosen candidate of Hitler for Czar of Russia when the Soviet Union was defeated. THE SOSJ GOVERNMENT IS MOVED TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Because many exiled Russians were seeking permanent residence in the United States and Canada, from where much of the financial support for the exiled Russian Imperial Court originated, the shift of SOSJ leadership to the American Grand Priory was a natural process. Baron Rosen, former Russian Ambassador to the United States, and now head of Grand Duke Cyril’s Intelligence operation, was run down and killed by an automobile in New York City in 1922. Prince Awaloff was accused as a terrorist in connection with Organization Consul and expelled from Germany in 1922 by the Socialist Weimar Government. He and Ataman Semenoff traveled to New York City and were involved with meetings at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel offices of American Grand Prior William Nelson Cromwell. This resulted in the formal re-establishment of the Sovereign Council of the Order on September 5, 1922. Cromwell became the President of the Sovereign Council of the SOSJ. Prince Awaloff returned to Europe later that year to continue the work of the Counter- Revolution, and the American Grand Priory assumed operational control of the SOSJ. Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander, as mentioned previously, continued to have little to do with the SOSJ after the Civil War. He spent much of his time traveling and writing his memoirs and books on spirituality. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor (n. President Assn.) 1919 Russian Sovereign Imperial Order of St. John of Jerusalem Grand Duke Cyril Cmdr in Chief Prince Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt 1922 G M Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich W N Cromwell J P West J G B Bulloch King Alexander I American Grand Priory John J Sheridan H J Bowen 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG C Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. W W Butcher A MacNaughton b. Polish White Cross Count J Potocki On June 24, 1925 Eleazar Wilson of Philadelphia became Grand Prior of America. In 1925 Captain Sidney G. Reilly, founder of the Anti-Bolshevist League, was lured from the United States into Russia and killed by the Bolsheviks. The exploits of Reilly later prompted the “James Bond” series. In 1926 Cherep Spiridovich incorporated the Anti-Bolshevist Publishing Association of the Anti-Bolshevist League in Albany, N.Y. with H. V. Broenstrupp and G. M. Sykes. This was a project planned by Captain Reilly and by Cherep Spiridovich. It was intended to provide propaganda about the danger of the internationalist’s agenda and was the continuation of the publishing operation of Cherep Spiridovich in Paris from 1904 to1920, known as the Agence Latine. It had been continued in 1921 for a few years by Henry Ford and his newspaper the Dearborn Independent. Major General Cherep Spiridovich, OSJ was assassinated at his residence on Staten Island, N. Y., a few months after re-starting the publishing operation. Boris Brasol provided the funds to bury this leader of the SOSJ. Cherep Spiridovich was one of the principal founders of the American Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem. H. V. Broenstrupp, OSJ published “The Hidden Hand” by Cherep Spiridovich shortly after his assassination. The SOSJ continued to raise funds for the relief of Russian exiles. The “Monday Supper Opera Club” was one of the society programs. Leaders of the relief fund drives included the following: Captain George Djamgaroff, Mrs. Henry P. Loomis, Princess Julia Grant Cantacuzene, Representative Hamilton Fish, III, Count Paul Ignatieff, President of Columbia University Nicholas Murray Butler and many of the displaced former royals of Russia and Eastern Europe. Djamgaroff and Loomis were close friends of Czar Krill and Czarina Victoria Melita. In 1927, after the assassination of Count Cherep-Spiridovich, the SMOM started their American Association. This founding of the American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta was the unintended result of SOSJ success at fund raising. The new Catholic association overshadowed the SOSJ and placed its future in jeopardy. In response to SMOM propaganda, many members, such as Colonel Edgar Erskine Hume, MD, left the SOSJ. The remaining members were predominantly nationalistic, anti-Communist, senior military and intelligence officers. Some Protestant former SOSJ knights joined a new English Venerable Order American Chapter. It is probable that the Episcopalian Archbishop of New York, William T. Manning, a good friend of N. M. Butler and the Serbian Orthodox Church, was among this group. Fr. J. P. Chodkiewicz and exiled Polish leaders started the Polish Nobility Association in 1927. He continued Cherep Spiridovich’s Slavonic Society work, which focused on pan-Slavism and resulted in the Intermarium Movement. Cherep Spiridovich had suggested to President of the Sovereign Council W. N. Cromwell a project similar to the Panama Canal which would create a navigable waterway link from the Baltic to the Black Sea. SOSJ knights leading the Counter Revolutionary Anti-Bolshevist League continued to promote the theme of a continuous Eastern European buffer zone of free, independent and usually monarchical states. The OSJ was also involved with the Columbian Lighthouse Project in the Dominican Republic as part of their pan-American project. N. M. Butler was the American head of the lighthouse project and is credited with bringing it to final completion. THE EXILED ROMANOV FAMILY DEFEATS ITSELF Grand Duke Cyril declared himself Czar Kirill I on August 31, 1924. The White Russians in exile had a power struggle for the throne which started during the Russian Civil War. The failure to make a successful coalition of exiled forces which resulted made all their efforts to retake Russia from the Bolsheviks ineffective. Though Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaevich received more support until his death in 1929, as time passed Cyril was recognized as the rightful heir to the throne. The senior Knights of Malta on the Sovereign Council in the United States always supported Grand Duke Cyril, and, as noted, they became very influential because of financial support to his cause from men as prominent as Henry Ford. Colonel Vasilieff, the last Czarist Chief of Police, died in 1928. Upon the death of the Dowager Empress in 1928, her daughter, Grand Duchess Xenia, became a Patroness of the SOSJ. She sent the OSJ relics to the new ROCA Cathedral in Berlin where Prince Awaloff resided. Records show that the Russian Orthodox Metropolitan Anthony took receipt of the relics in Berlin. Grand Prior Grand Duke Alexander ensured that his wife Xenia, sister of Czar Nicholas II, did not separate the relics and icon. The illness and death of the Queen Mother in 1928 also prompted a group of SOSJ Russian Hereditary Commanders, who were not tainted by revolutionary support for the Kerensky regime, to attempt to reorganize the Russian Grand Priory in Paris. Most of them had supported the Russian pretender Grand Duke Nicholas and the pro-Entente Monarchist Supreme Council in Paris, but they still asked Grand Duke Alexander to be their Grand Prior. They then pled as the “Russian Grand Priory” for admission to the SMOM in Rome, but were denied due to their Orthodox religion. Their “expert” legal counsel was Baron Michael von Taube, who at the time was under the erroneous impression that the SOSJ had been dissolved in Russia in 1817. This was the same Taube, who as a minion of the so-called Conspiracy, had been an adversary of Prince Awaloff during the campaign against the Bolsheviks in Western Russia in 1919. Because of his reputation as an expert on Russian history, von Taube created widespread doubt about the historical continuation of the SOSJ in Russia. His theory became the legend of the suppression of the Order in Russia, which is still widely believed even in the 21st century. The Order still retains letters from Prince Serge Troubetzkoy, OSJ which discuss von Taube, who was a Roman Catholic, and his extravagant lifestyle in Rome at the expense of impoverished Russian exiles. It was not until 1950 that von Taube found the documentary evidence that caused him to change his mind, and after which, he recanted his belief in the 1817 demise of the SOSJ in Russia. When the facts about the Russian survival of the SOSJ became known in 1950, von Taube disclaimed the Prince Awaloff, Vladimirovichi and King Alexander I succession of the SOSJ in an attempt to save his reputation. He was little more than an agent of the SMOM at this time. However, the damage had been done, and because of the deaths of so many of the SOSJ royals, his disclaimer went unchallenged and has had longstanding effect on the Order. Shipping receipts show that the SOSJ relics and icon were moved again in 1932, and sent to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. Grand Duchess Xenia and her close associate Prince Dolguruky, one of the 1928 Paris Hereditary Commanders, were signatories on the transfer. An Officer Candidate School similar to the Corps des Pages had been started in Belgrade. Many of the cadets from the Russian military academies had been sent there after the defeat of the White Russians. The Yugoslavian capital was becoming the White Russian center for military activity. Charles Pichel, OSJ directed a study on the Maltese Nobility done by Lord Dorchester of England which assisted Grand Duke Cyril and Grand Duchess Victoria Melita. For this research, he was named Grand Chancellor of the SOSJ in 1934 upon the death of J.G.B. Bulloch. Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander died in France in 1933, followed closely by many leading SOSJ members from either natural causes or assassination. SOSJ Protector King Alexander I of Yugoslavia was assassinated in 1934 on a trip to France. Queen Marie of Romania and Czarina Victoria Melita Romanov, grand daughters of Queen Victoria, both died in 1936. Mdme Paderewski, Patroness of the Polish White Cross, died in Switzerland in 1936. The death of Czar Kirill I in 1938 left the SOSJ without a Protector for the first time since the 12th century. THE SOSJ SUPPORTS FASCISM TO DEFEAT BOLSHEVISM The death of Grand Master G. D. Alexander coincided with the victory of the NAZI party in Germany. Prince Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt was elected the 74th Grand Master of the SOSJ in 1934. Colonel Dr. William Sohier Bryant, MD became President of the Sovereign Council. The SOSJ made alliances with various National Socialist movements believing this to be the best solution to defeat “Jewish Bolshevism.” The Order started a Grand Priory in Denmark in 1934 named the Sovereign Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Denmark. It was founded by Prince Awaloff and was led by Danish National Socialist, Episcopalian Archbishop Preben Wencke. Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark was once Grand Chancellor of the Grand Priory. Prince Awaloff became head of the Russian Fascist Party in Germany, called the Russian National Liberation Movement (ROND). Awaloff was named to this position by the German Chancellor, Adolf Hitler. Awaloff was apparently a double agent, as he is known to have been associated with “Wild Bill” William J. Donovan, founder of the Office of Strategic Services, and American spy-masters W N Cromwell, OSJ and Allen Welsh Dulles before, during and after WWII. Awaloff’s friend, Constantin Sakharov, was again named the military leader of this organization (ROND), which was the successor to Kirill’s secret army organization in Germany. Prince Anastase Vonsiatsky and Howard Broenstrupp led the Russian Nationalists in the United States, which was headquartered in Hartford, Connecticut. Paul Winter, OSJ, long time associate of Grand Chancellor Pichel and former KKK leader from New York and Philadelphia, was involved with the American Nationalists. Pichel contacted Germany through Hitlers’s friend Putzi Hanfstaengel in an effort to become the German Chancellor’s personal representative in the United States. The Russian and American Nationalists coordinated their anti-Bolshevik activity with an agency called Welt Dienst with offices in Erfurt, Germany. German Lt. Ulrich Fleischauer was in charge of this Welt Dienst publishing concern which inherited the campaign of the American Anti-Bolshevist Publishing Association of Cherep Spiridovich and Sidney Reilly. Translated as World Service, and known before this time in France as Service Mondial, the SOSJ publishing effort had actually been started in 1904 by Cherep Spiridovich in Paris. At that time it was called Agence Latine. When it was exposed by the Bolshevists in 1919, Cherep Spiridovich convinced Henry Ford to succeed him by using the Dearborn Independent. The German agency Welt Dienst continued in Germany, eventually coming under the administration of Alfred Rosenberg after 1938. The American Grand Priory also restarted this propaganda in the United States in 1936, and it was called Edmondson Economic Service. This work, considered by many as anti-Semitic, was continued by the American Grand Priory into the 1950’s. In 1936 Count Jerzy Potocki, OSJ, was the Polish Ambassador to Washington, D. C. When the Second World War started in 1939, he was instrumental in restarting White Cross relief and intelligence gathering programs of the Polish American and Canadian-Polish Ambulance Corps. The Commission for Polish Relief, Inc. was run by Count Jerzy Potocki, OSJ and Chauncey McCormick, OSJ of Chicago. In 1940, Mrs. Richard Teller Crane and Chauncey McCormick represented the American White Cross and the Committee for Polish Relief, which raised funds for the National Polish Army of General Haller, OSJ. Nicholas M. Butler also had a fund raiser for General Haller at Columbia University. Colonel William J. Donovan was President of the Paderewski Fund for Polish Relief, Inc. He led the intelligence service and coordinated with Paderewski, Count Jerzy Potocki and U. S. Ambassador to Poland J. Drexel Biddle. Due to the impending advance of the Nazis into Yugoslavia in 1941, the Order moved the relics and icon from Belgrade to the Serbian Orthodox Monastery in Cetinje, Montenegro. Prince Awaloff, Queen Marie of Yugoslavia, her aunt, Queen Elena of Italy, King Carol of Romania and Grand Duchess Militza were all involved in this decision. They feared the Nazis would take the relics and icon because of their keen interest in historic objects with legendary power. The Order lost possession of these items because of the Communist takeover of the Balkans at the end of the war. However, the famous icon and relics remain to the present time in Cetinje, Montenegro. The icon is on display in the National Museum, and the relics are in the Serbian Orthodox Monastery. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1934 Prince G M Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Dr W S Bryant Fr Chodkiewicz Czar Kirill I American Grand Priory E Wilson Col C L T Pichel Grand Priory of Denmark 1938 Prince G M Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Dr W S Bryant Fr Chodkiewicz Col C L T Pichel American Grand Priory Paul de Torres Grand Priory of Denmark LIBERALS USE THE AMERICAN COURTS TO SILENCE AMERICAN ANTI-COMMUNISTS By 1944, the SOSJ was working closely with German General Reinhard Gehlen’s “Abteilung Fremde Heere Ost Gehlens” (Foreign Forces East). The alliances with fascist organizations cast doubts on the honorable purposes of the Order. As a result of this, and partial involvement in the Great Sedition Trials of the 1940’s, a second exodus from the Order occurred. Charles Pichel had operated a genealogical association out of an office in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel with which he attempted to provide noble titles to Americans from 1925 to 1929. Later he was associated with John B. Trevor’s American Coalition of Patriotic, Civic and Fraternal Societies. Pichel converted to Catholicism and joined the SOSJ through Fr. J. P. Chodkiewicz, a leader of the Polish White Cross in upstate New York. He became Grand Chancellor of the SOSJ in the heyday of the National Socialist Movement after the death of J. G. B. Bulloch, MD in 1934. He moved to Pennsylvania in the late 1930’s to be near Robert E. Edmondson, a noted anti-internationalist author who became President of the Sovereign Council in 1944. Many knights started “right-wing” organizations as a means of providing a militant response to the rapid growth of international Communism. The death of Czar Kirill I in 1938 left the Sovereign Council independent and afforded Grand Chancellor Pichel the ability to assume the control that had been reserved for its president. In 1939 the Order of St. John of Jerusalem was mentioned in Congressional hearings investigating the anti-Communist and pro-fascist American movements. In the 1940’s, twenty-seven Americans were charged by the U. S. Attorney General with conspiring to destroy the morale of the American armed forces. A massive show trial, known as the Great Sedition Trial, was conducted for the purpose of connecting these individuals to a conspiracy thought to involve the German Propaganda Ministry and anti-Communists in the United States. The unintended backlash of the trial was the exposure of Communists and Internationalists in the United States and Allied countries. Charges were dropped by the government, but not before the defendants were ruined financially. This led to the “McCarthy Era” and further “show trials” that were, this time, aimed at the Left. The President of the Sovereign Council from 1934 to 1944 was Colonel Dr. William Sohier Bryant, MD, OSJ. Bryant became implicated in the Great Sedition Trial when his name appeared on anti-government correspondence involving William Dudley Pelley and H. V. Broenstrupp. Trevor’s American Coalition of Patriotic, Civil and Fraternal Societies was also named. Bryant, formerly the personal physician of President Grover Cleveland and a Masonic Knight Templar, found the negative publicity of the trial too controversial, and he dropped out of the Order thereby leaving Grand Chancellor Pichel to name Edmondson as President of the Sovereign Council. Robert Edmondson of Scranton, Pennsylvania was President of the Sovereign Council from 1944 to 1948, but the control of the Order was firmly in the hands of Grand Chancellor Pichel. The Convent was moved to Shickshinny, Pennsylvania in 1945. This was an area in which Eastern Europeans had been relocating for years. In 1946, the Polish White Cross of Baltimore bought an ambulance for Warsaw and donated it though the offices of Nicholas Murray Butler. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1944 Prince G M Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Robert Edmondson Col C L T Pichel American Grand Priory Grand Priory of Denmark THE ORDER ENTRENCHES ITSELF FOR THE COLD WAR The SOSJ had lost the majority of its Russian and European membership during the last phases of WWI when the Russian Guard Divisions were thrown into battle in tragic fashion. British and French General Staffs directed all battlefield strategy, and therefore, many suspected that the slaughter of the elite of their allied Russian forces was part of the conspiracy. This carnage was followed in 1919 by further military betrayal which permanently defeated the forces of Prince Awaloff in the Baltic. The English and French navies bombarded his anti-Communist army resulting in decisive defeat outside of Riga, Latvia. Much later, the intervention of British and Americans on the side of the Soviet Union during WWII culminated in the great victory for international Communism that was the Second World War. The Allies rounded up and incarcerated free White Russians for deportation to Stalin’s death camps in Operation Keelhaul, a result of an agreement made between Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin at the Yalta Conference. Forced repatriation by the Allies resulted in the deaths of thousands, and perhaps hundreds of thousands, of White Russians by firing squads or deportation to the Gulag archipelago labor camps. This consistent action during the 20th century in favor of the Communists with the obvious goal of creating high mortality among monarchists was conclusive proof to the SOSJ that the western governments were controlled by Internationalists and Communist conspirators. Because of this, the SOSJ continued to attract patriotic and nationalistic western military men to its membership, and to operate as an anti-Communist intelligence agency. Admiral Barry Domville, former head of British Naval Intelligence, was a long serving member of the SOSJ. It appeared that General Douglas MacArthur’s entire senior staff was in the Order. The Order became involved in Operation Paperclip and the famous “Rat Lines” which spirited Nazi anti-Communists out of Europe. THE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AND KNIGHTS OF THE SOSJ DEFEND AGAINST COMMUNISM The Order was engaged worldwide in anti-Communist activities. Former SS Major General Boris Holmston-Smyslovsky, alias Colonel von Reganau, and U.S. Marine Lieutenant General Pedro Del Valle spurred renewed SOSJ activity in opposition to the Communists in Europe after 1948. Holmston-Smyslovsky was an old associate of Prince Awaloff. These men were involved with the Gladio program which prompted the founding of the U.S. Army Special Forces. The secret army of Czar Kirill I formed a nucleus for Gladio “stay behind” operations which were designed to wage perpetual war on the Communists. As successor to SOSJ Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations operations, Allen W. Dulles, Colonel William J. Donovan, Gen. Reinhard Gehlen and Lt. General Pedro Del Valle initiated NATO’s Operation Gladio during the era of the founding of the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency and German BND. The U. S. Counter-Intelligence Corps, the Gehlen Organization and the Knights of Malta started the Volunteer Freedom Corps otherwise known as Operation Gladio. Ten thousand men were descendants of the secret army of Czar Kirill I and the fifty garrisons of East European Freikorps mentioned by Cherep Spiridovich in the 1920’s and by Phillip Corso, OSJ in the 1950’s. Even in the United States, some knights started anti-Communist domestic militias and supported conservative publications to increase public awareness of the agenda of International Socialism. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1948 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff Col C L T Pichel American Grand Priory Grand Priory of Denmark C Christensen THE POST-WAR GERMAN ORDER OF ST. JOHN ABANDONS THE SOSJ TO IMPROVE ITS IMAGE A succession of German Lieutenant Grand Masters during the 1950’s is evidence of the continued close ties Grand Master Prince Awaloff had to the German Order of St. John. Scipio Baron von Engelhardt- Schnellenstein from the Palatinate contacted Grand Chancellor Pichel during the period 1949 to 1951 with the offer to help reinvigorate the SOSJ. He was an old associate of Prince Awaloff from the Baltic Brotherhood. He served as Lt. Grand Master from 1951 to 1955. Prince Grand Master Awaloff was brought to the United States from Austria by Operation Paperclip in 1952. His stepson, a former German SS officer with the Russian Volunteer Army of Major General Holmston-Smyslovsky, had been captured by the Communists while working behind the lines for the U.S. Counter-Intelligence Corps in 1949. Grand Master Prince Awaloff died September 30, 1954 in the United States and is reportedly buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Many of the remaining members of Awaloff’s Grand Priory of Columbia were taken onto the roles of the American Grand Priory in 1955. Their contribution to the defense of the West and to war relief led members of the SOSJ to believe that they would be recognized as equal partners among the national orders of Malta. Therefore, the election of a new Grand Master to replace Prince Awaloff was postponed. Frederick H. Count von Zeppelin served from 1956 to 1960 as Lt. Grand Master. Franklin Allen West of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became President of the Sovereign Council in 1956. Pichel wrote an inaccurate history of the SOSJ in 1958 designed to conceal the fascist ties of the SOSJ but complementary to the SMOM, and the English and German orders of St. John. The hope of acceptance of the SOSJ by these orders would again prove to be futile. The Prussian Prince Wilhelm Karl, the head of the German Order of St. John, visited Grand Chancellor Pichel in Pennsylvania in 1961 after the death of Grand Duke Cyril’s eldest daughter. She was the wife of the Hohenzollern Pretender to the throne of Germany, the Prussian Prince Louis Ferdinand. Wilhelm Karl ended Johanniter Orden association with the SOSJ when he learned that there were no charitable activities undertaken by the SOSJ and that most members appeared to be connected to military and government Intelligence. Scipio Baron von Engelhardt-Schnellenstein and F. H. Count von Zeppelin were forced to resign from the SOSJ at the risk of their membership in the German Order. Princess Ileana of Romania, Queen Maries’ daughter, had been given land in Ellwood City, Pa. near Franklin West in Pittsburgh. There, similar to her aunt Grand Duchess Elizabeth, she started the first community for Orthodox religious sisters in the United States and became the Mother Superior. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1954 LGM Baron von Col C L T Pichel Engelhardt-Scnhellenstein 1956 LGM Graf von Zeppelin F A West Col C L T Pichel A Frenchman, Paul Granier de Cassagnac, was recruited for the Lieutenancy in 1960. Scandalized when the National Socialist ties to the Order became known by the newer members in 1962, and believing that the presence of King Peter II of Yugoslavia as a new member would improve the Order’s social standing, Cassagnac called for the members to elect him Grand Master. Crolian Edelen was present at the vote count and verified that Cassagnac failed in his attempt to gain the Order’s highest office. Nonetheless, ignoring the failed election, Cassagnac created a splinter order. King Peter II was the son of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and had joined the SOSJ in 1961. He followed Cassagnac into schism but soon disagreed with him and started his own Order of St. John under his Yugoslavian royal title. Prince Serge Troubetzkoy had also left the original Order and became King Peter’s Lieutenant Grand Master. When the King claimed that their new order was not the original trunk of the old order, Troubetzkoy took his Russian dominated organization and operated independently. The Order retains letters from Prince Troubetzkoy in which he discusses the nature of these different orders. In the meantime, Pichel and his Supreme Council asked Admiral Felix Count von Luckner, a famed German naval officer and associate of Prince Awaloff, to assume the position of Lieutenant Grand Master that had been vacated by Cassagnac. LGM Admiral Count von Luckner became terminally ill and resigned in 1966. He died in 1967. Because the use of the title Grand Master was becoming quite popular with the various branches of the SOSJ, Pichel engineered the election of the 75 th Grand Master, Crolian Edelen, in 1966. Edelen was a German- American and former Pacific WWII Army intelligence officer and was an avid amateur genealogist. He attempted to unravel the 20 th century history of the SOSJ, but succeeded only in creating more controversy about its origins. Unfortunately, though necessary at the time, the attempt to conceal former alliances to fascist governments prior to and during WWII created chronic problems for the American Grand Priory. The Order was protecting its members and their families. The reluctance to offer proof of lineage through Czar Kirill I fueled the critics of the SOSJ. The SOSJ membership roles during this time included Generals Lemuel Sheperd, Pedro Del Valle, George Stratemeyer, Charles Willoughby, Ralph Smith, Terry Morrison, Bonner Fellers, Admirals Charles Cooke, RL Porter, Herbert Howard, Richard Black, Francis Spellman and Prince Michel Sturdza of Romania, Congressman Larry MacDonald and Senator John Ashcroft. Well known leaders of the American intelligence community accepted various positions in the SOSJ. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1960 LGM P Cassagnac F A West Col C L T Pichel 1962 LGM Count von Luckner Bishp B Kurz Col C L T Pichel 1966 Prince GM Sir Crolian Edelen Bishp B Kurz Col C L T Pichel THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA STAND AGAINST HUMANISTS WITHIN THE CHURCH After the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council in 1969, the Order became one of the few institutions to preserve the ancient Latin Rite liturgy. Catholic traditionalists were attracted to the Order by its ecclesiastical independence guaranteed in perpetuity by numerous popes. The humanist revolution had entered the Catholic Church and the Order struggled to resume its former role as a staunch defender of the Catholic Faith. Unfortunately Grand Chancellor Pichel became increasingly eccentric in his later years. He alienated the members but retained legal control of the SOSJ by his use of proxy votes. Grand Master Edelen resigned in 1976. The 76 th Grand Master elected was Prince Roberto Paterno from Sicily, Hereditary Grand Prior of the ancient Langue of Aragon. Elected in 1976, he served until 1983. Pichel finally resigned in 1977. His duties were divided between new Grand Priors of America and Europe. A power struggle ensued after the unexpected death of American Grand Prior Capell in October, 1980. When Pichel died in May, 1982 several knights took control of a weakened SOSJ corporation that he had founded in 1956. The loss from old age of many influential members of the SOSJ gave impetus for a few knights to attempt to seize control of the Order in order to make legal claim on the legendary lost Romanoff treasure that reportedly lay on the floor of the Sea of Japan. They filed a claim against the Sovereign Council for patent infringement. SOSJ Security General Nicholas Nazarenko was a former Cossack German Waffen SS Intelligence Officer. After the war he was recruited to work in Romania for the U.S. Counter Intelligence Corps. His timely intervention helped the Sovereign Council to form the Association of Family Commanders and Hereditary Knights in 1983. A federal court case filed by the splinter group in an effort to seize control of the Order finally succeeded only in the legal grant to them of a trademarked name from Pichel’s 1956 corporation. Dr. John Grady defended the SOSJ against the coup attempt and was elected in a Chapter General in 1991 as the 77 th Grand Master of the SOSJ. Dr. Grady, a former U.S. Navy fighter pilot, medical doctor and politician helped to write a new constitution which was accepted by the Order at the first Chapter General since the Fall of Malta. Grand Master Dr. Grady then proceeded to rebuild the Order. The 78 th Prince Grand Master of the SOSJ, Barry Garland, was elected in 2006 and assumed office in 2008 upon the retirement of Dr. Grady. Garland, a critical care nurse and professional bodyguard, assumes leadership of the Order at a critical time for the Church and others who seek peace and security in the world. Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Grand Protector Sovereign Council Chancellor 1976 Prince GM Sir Roberto Paterno Col C LT Pichel American Grand Priory F Capell European Grand Priory T Wicklund 1983 LGM Prince Troubetzkoy Regent Gen B von Stahl Dr J L Grady 1991 Prince GM Dr. Sir John Grady, MD LGM Prince Troubetzkoy 2003 Prince GM Dr. Sir John Grady, MD A Chadwick LGM B Garland 2008 Prince GM Sir Barry Garland K Weger GM Emeritus Dr. Sir J Grady, MD THE HISTORIC MISSION OF THE SOSJ Since its inception in 1048, the OSJ has been an indispensable defender of Christendom and servant to the poor and infirm. Until the French Revolution the Order could always count on moral support from the Church of Rome. Because of the capture by Napoleon of the Pope and of his sovereign territory, the Church was compromised by Revolutionary philosophies which affect it even to the present day. Thus the SOSJ suffered the loss of the public support of the Catholic Church. The SOSJ turned inward for the survival of its own government and compromised its ideals and traditions by supporting an Orthodox czar who was the strongest proponent of the Counter Revolution. The Order continued to perpetuate its government since the loss of Malta in the best ways that it could. Occasionally, men with decidedly non-Catholic beliefs have been accepted as knights because it was thought that their prominence in society would benefit the Order. That has proven to be a false assumption and has led to the creation of multiple splinter organizations claiming the SOSJ lineage. During the last five decades, the Order has been among those few organizations which have decried the deterioration caused by social humanist intrusion into the highest circles of the Catholic Church. As described in this abbreviated history of our militant Catholic brotherhood since the loss of Malta, the SOSJ has continuously striven to fulfill its historic mission as defender of Christendom and as servant to the poor and infirm. There is no other organization that can claim the history described in this essay. Two hundred years of counter revolutionary service for Christendom have challenged the Knights of Malta with engagement in both physical and spiritual combat. Even so, the Order has not been formally recognized by the Holy See since the Fall of Malta. It has relied on the ancient rights and privileges granted in perpetuity by popes of the Middle Ages. The knights, who have always preserved the ancient Catholic liturgy, recently resolved to seek reaffirmation from the Holy See that it is in full communion with the Catholic Church. The ancient Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem continues as an hospitaller service organization structured as an army of the Catholic Church. The Knights of Justice are the protectors of the Order’s sovereignty and traditions as handed down from antiquity through Czar Kirill I and the Sovereign Council. The Headquarters of the Order is in Jupiter, Florida, U.S.A. The Convent of the Order is located in Benton, Tennessee, U.S.A. SOSJ TIMELINE FROM 1797 1798 The SOSJ moves its convent from Malta to the home of its protector, Czar Paul I, in St. Petersburg, Russia, and elects him the 72 nd Grand Master. The Russian czars become the perpetual protectors of the SOSJ. 1803 John Baptist di Tommasi is named the 72 nd Prince Grand Master of the SOSJ. He was chosen by the Pope from a list of candidates presented from the dispersed priories of the Order. He was the candidate of the SOSJ in St. Petersburg. 1805 Upon the death of Grand Master di Tommasi, the SOSJ in Russia, in order to remain independent of the intrigues of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, continues under the President of the Sovereign Council and the Czar Alexander I, Protector of the Order. 1893 Russian Knights of Malta introduce American civic leaders to the White Cross at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. 1904 The American White Cross First Aid Society is founded in Chicago, Illinois by civic leaders in association with the U.S. Military, the Catholic Church and a member of the English St. John’s Ambulance Association. 1899 The U.S. Army, civic leaders and the Catholic Church attempt to gain a U.S. Title 36 Charter for the American White Cross from the Congress of the United States of America. 1908 The White Cross Hospital and Relief Association is founded in New York City, New York. It was the combined effort of Roman Catholic and Orthodox Knights of Malta joining with a Protestant relief organization. 1912 The American Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta, including the Catholic Grand Priory of Russia is given a Constitution and a Grand Prior. Its founding is dated to 1908. 1913 Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich is elected the 73 rd Grand Master of the SOSJ. 1917 The SOSJ is forced from Russia by the Bolshevik Revolution. The Polish White Cross is founded by the Grand Priory of Russia in the United States a few days later. 1919 The Russian Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem is re-established in Saltzvedel, Germany by Knights of the Corps des Pages, Colonel Pavel Awaloff and Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich. 1922 The OSJ Sovereign Council is reconstituted in New York City by the authority of Grand Duke Cyril, Guardian of the Imperial Throne of Russia. William Nelson Cromwell assumes operational control of the SOSJ as President of the Sovereign Council. 1928 Dowager Empress Dagmar Feodorovna dies in Denmark, and her daughter Xenia, wife of Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich and Patroness of the Corps des Pages, sends the SOSJ relics to the ROCA Cathedral in Berlin. 1932 Grand Duchess Xenia authorizes the transfer of the SOSJ relics from Berlin to Belgrade to the custody of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Protector of the SOSJ. 1933 Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich dies in France. General Prince Awaloff is made President of the Russian National Liberation Movement in Germany. 1934 King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, Protector of the SOSJ, is assassinated in France. Czar Kirill I becomes Protector of the SOSJ. Prince Awaloff is elected the 74 th Grand Master of the SOSJ. The Sovereign Council and Prince Awaloff found the Sovereign Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Denmark. Colonel Charles L.T. Pichel becomes Grand Chancellor of the SOSJ upon the death of J.G.B. Bulloch. Dr. Bryant becomes President of the Sovereign Council. 1944 Robert Edmondson of Scranton, Pennsylvania becomes President of the Sovereign Council upon the retirement of Dr. Bryant. 1945 Grand Chancellor Colonel Charles L.T. Pichel moves the SOSJ Convent from New York City to Shickshinny, Pennsylvania. 1946 The SOSJ Grand Priory in Denmark is reconstituted after the war by the Sovereign Council. 1951 Lt. Grand Master Baron Scipio von Engelhardt-Schnellenstein, from Germany, assumes the leadership of the American Grand Priory. 1954 Prince Grand Master General Awaloff dies and Grand Chancellor Pichel and Lt. Grand Master Scipio Baron von Engelhardt- Schnellenstein assume the leadership of the SOSJ. 1955 Lt. Grand Master Frederic Graf von Zeppelin from Germany assumes the leadership of the SOSJ. 1956 Franklin A. West of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania becomes President of the Sovereign Council. 1960 Lt. Grand Master Colonel Paul de Cassagnac of France assumes the leadership of the SOSJ. 1962 Lt. Grand Master Felix Count von Luckner of Germany assumes the leadership of the SOSJ 1966 Crolian Edelen of New Jersey is elected the 75th Grand Master of the SOSJ. 1976 Don Roberto Paterno of Naples, Italy is elected the 76th Grand Master of the SOSJ. He resigns in 1983. 1983 General Benjamin von Stahl assumes the leadership of the SOSJ as President of the Sovereign Council and moves the Convent of the SOSJ to Benton, Tennessee. 1991 Dr. John L. Grady, MD of Benton, Tennessee is elected the 77th Grand Master of the SOSJ. 2006 Barry Garland of Florida is elected the 78th Grand Master of the SOSJ. 2008 Grand Master Barry Garland assumes office upon the retirement of Dr. John Grady. SOSJ LEADERSHIP SINCE 1797 Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Protector Sovereign Council 1797 Prince GM Ferdinand von Hompesch Pope Pius VI 1798 GM Czar Paul I LGM J Count de Litta Prince de Conde GM Czar Paul I 1799 GM Czar Paul I LGM Field Marshall Prince de Conde GM Czar Paul I Count Soltykoff 1801 LGM Field Marshall Undetermined Czar Alexander Czar Alexander I Count Soltykoff 1803 GM John Baptist di Tommasi Undetermined Czar Alexander Czar Alexander I 1805 Undetermined Czar Alexander Czar Alexander I 1825 Undetermined Senior G D Czar Nicholas I 1855 Undetermined Senior G D Czar Alexander II 1881 Undetermined Senior G D Czar Alexander III 1894 Undetermined G D Vladimir Czar Nicholas II 1908 Undetermined G D Vladimir Czar Nicholas II Russian Grand Priory 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. G H Bruce 1912 Undetermined Czar Nicholas II Russian Grand Priory G D Cyril American Grand Priory W S Bryant W N Cromwell 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. G H Bruce 1913 G M Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich Undetermined Czar Nicholas II Russian Grand Priory G D Cyril American Grand Priory W S Bryant W N Cromwell 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. W W Butcher 1919 Russian Sovereign Imperial Order of St. John of Jerusalem Grand Duke Cyril Cmdr in Chief Prince Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt 1922 G M Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich W N Cromwell G D Alexander King Alexander I American Grand Priory LGM John J Sheridan J P West 1. Grand Priory of Russia MG Cherep Spiridovich a. White Cross Hospital and Relief Assn. W W Butcher b. Polish White Cross Count J Potocki Prince Grand Master Lt Grand Master President of the Grand Prior Protector Sovereign Council 1934 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Dr W S Bryant Fr Chodkiewicz Czar Kirill I American Grand Priory E Wilson Grand Priory of Denmark 1938 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Dr W S Bryant Fr Chodkiewicz American Grand Priory Paul de Torres Grand Priory of Denmark 1944 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt Robert Edmondson American Grand Priory C L T Pichel, G Chancellor Grand Priory of Denmark 1948 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt C L T Pichel, G Chancellor American Grand Priory Grand Priory of Denmark C Christensen 1951 Prince GM Gen Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt C L T Pichel, G Chancellor American Grand Priory LGM Baron von Engelhardt-Scnhellenstein Grand Priory of Denmark C Christensen 1954 C L T Pichel, G Chancellor Engelhardt-Scnhellenstein 1955 LGM Baron von C L T Pichel, G Chancellor Engelhardt Scnellenstein 1956 LGM Graf von F A West Zeppelin 1960 LGM P Cassagnac F A West 1962 LGM Count von Luckner Bishop B Kurz 1966 Prince GM Sir Crolian Edelen Bishop B Kurz Rev Shelley 1976 Prince GM Sir Roberto Paterno American Grand Priory F Capell European Grand Priory T Wicklund 1983 Gen B von Stahl 1991 Prince GM Dr Sir John Grady LGM Prince Troubetzkoy 2003 Prince GM Dr Sir John Grady LGM B Garland A Chadwick 2008 Prince GM Sir Barry Garland GM Emeritus Dr Sir J Grady, MD K Weger SOVEREIGN ORDER OF SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM 1798 71st Grand Master Czar Paul I 1801 LGM Field Marshall Count Soltikoff 1803 72nd Prince Grand Master John Baptist di Tommasi 1805 Czar Alexander I, Protector of the SOSJ 1825 Czar Nicholas I, Protector of the SOSJ 1855 Czar Alexander II, Protector of the SOSJ 1881 Czar Alexander III, Protector of the SOSJ 1894 Czar Nicholas II, Protector of the SOSJ 1913 73rd Grand Master Grand Duke Alexander Michaelovich 1922 William Nelson Cromwell, President of the Sovereign Council 1934 74th Prince Grand Master General Pavel Awaloff-Bermondt 1954 LGM Scipio Baron von Engelhardt-Schnellenstein 1956 LGM F. Graf von Zeppelin 1960 LGM Colonel Paul Cassagnac 1962 LGM Admiral Felix Count von Luckner 1966 75th Prince Grand Master Crolian Edelen 1976 76th Prince Grand Master Don Roberto Paterno 1983 General Benjamin von Stahl, President of the Sovereign Council 1991 77th Prince Grand Master Dr. John Grady, MD 2008 78th Prince Grand Master Barry Garland

Someone else has apparently picked up the Morehead Patterson trail based on my work and included many of The Bilderbergers, most of whom where loyal to JFK, hired by JFK or promoted by JFK as possible Suspects when in fact 85% of them would never have agreed to a death sentence for their mentor and close friend. But The Top Five on The Bilderbergers as Suspects would include Morehead Patterson, John McCloy, Averell Harriman, C. D. Jackson and John Heinz or Paul Nitze. See if you can pick up on the Nazi Connections of these 6 characters and the other major JFK plotmasters like Angleton, Morris, Fellers, Cline, Gale, Willoughby and Walker. These links were very real, they were very active and Nazis never forget their roots or their very close fiends. Never. Plus they never forget their enemies, like the Rooskies and the other Commies. Never. Nazis first and foremost, intelligence officers next. The keenly astute among you will notice that the BRANCH of Military Intel for these former Nazis or pro-Nazis or current Nazis, varied all over the map from ONI, to DIA, to FBI, to Isaac's Detective Agency to The John Birch Society to the A.C.C.C., to Army Intel to the CIA, to DISC, etc. Once a Nazi, always a Nazi. Their day job was intel ops. The night job was being Nazis. Why ignore or trivialize these facts? Only anarchists or those with a hidden, vindictive agenda focus on a SINGLE Alphabet Soup Agency. You know who they are. And you should NEVER FORGET that AMF and Patterson, besides their close association to Rockwells of Rockwell Corp., the Grays and Wickliffe Draper, had developed an ammo clip for the Mauser between 1962-63 which could load and fire either 5 or 6 Manlicher-Carcano compatible cartridges, thus turning the Mauser into a rapid-fire semi-automatic rifle. They did this for the Navy Seals and I posted on this 2 years ago. Remember when the Dallas police showed off a Mauser shortly after arresting Oswald which they found in the TBD? I do. And don't you think that the shooters would have used the silencers developed by Mitch Werbell, III related to a former Czarist Cavalry Officer like Vonsiatsky was in fact? Course they would have. So much for ballistics analysis and all the ballistics analysts in Dealey Plaza. That little factoid throws everything EVER DONE in regards to Manlicher-Carcarcano ballistics analysis into a cocked hat. Waste of friggin' time. Guns and Gore can yield no more. Try another approach before it is too late. We all know it was a conspiracy, so focus on the Who Dunnits. Morehead Patterson is so critical to the JFK hit that I am surprised no one else picked up on this. Well, not really. Everyone seems to be sitting under a street lamp where the light is the brightest instead of going off into the dark, deep nooks and crannies where the real evidence is hidden away. Was that part of the plan? Course it was. Were YOU sucked into that mindset? Probably. Was it a total waste of time? Yep. Who sucked YOU into the various LaBrea Tarpits of JFK Research? Are you a Medical Evidence Meanderer? An ARRB Aardvaark? A Warren Commission Wanderer? A Monolithic Alphabet Agency Unabomber? A belligerent Ballistics bombast? Well then join the club. You are STUCK in The LaBrea Tarpits of JFK Research and the Saber Tooth Tigers are coming closer and ready to pounce. Oh no, wait they are stuck too. Well here come the Raptors... oops stuck in the Tarpits. The Wooly Mammoths, very warm but very stuck. Only the flying dinosaurs can land, feast on the corpses and then fly away safely. And their victims bones, picked clean, will sink to the bottom of the pits, albeit well preserved, and they will be heard from no more. Oh, well. Nice try. Nothing like a life well lived or a life, well... more like livid or limpid. Now back to an alternate reality... Suspect or Not a Suspect? Can YOU tell the difference? Who among these would have voted for the termination of JFK or actually participated in the little Senatorial Toga Party ending his life? Et tu, Brute? Patterson, Morehead http://www.smokershistory.com/MSKCC.htm ... Elsie Parsons, married Morehead Patterson, S&B 1920, the son of Rufus L. Patterson, head of American Machinery Company and International Cigar Machinery Company ... Morehead Patterson was a Yale friend of Briton Hadden, and best man at Henry R. Luce's wedding. He was a director of the Enterprise Development Corporation, a closed investment trust of heirs of William Rockefeller, including Godfrey S. Rockefeller, and Thomas F. Ryan, whose directors included Clendenin J. Ryan, and Frederic W. Lincoln. (Trust to Supply Venture Capital. New York Times, Mar. 31, 1948.)In 1964, he patented a machine for forming cigarette rods out of slurry. (Cigarette Making Machine, Patented Apr. 14, 1964, 3,128,773 U.S. Patent Office.) http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/lofivers...php/t14017.html ... Morehead Patterson whose family owned American Machine and Foundry, AMF, originally the makers of the "Patterson Cigarette Packer" which automated the manufacture and packing of cigarettes around the turn of the Century (1897). (Trust to Supply Venture Capital. New York Times, Mar. 31, 1948.) Later AMF branched out during World War II into military machinery for gun loaders, missile movement and launch mechanisms, radar components and even parts for Rockwell International's B-29 bombers among other weapons of war. Only later did AMF diversify into Bowling pin spotters, the Ben Hogan Golf line and the Voit sporting goods division. Morehead Patterson and his family owned thousands of shares in the American Tobacco Company and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and he was later on the Atomic Energy Commission as well. Patterson's family was close to both the Draper family Eugenics War Machine and the Nuclear interests of the Bowman Gray. Family's Reynolds Tobacco Company interests and the Willard F. Rockwell military interests in Viet Nam for the Minuteman Missiles and B-29 manufacturing process. Patterson would have been a natural link to coalesce interests among the North Carolina based anti-Union forces and anti-Communist efforts that included the Eugenicists involved with the Wickliffe Draper Textile loom equipment interests and The Pioneer Fund, the Bowman Gray RJR Tobacco interests the Morehead Patterson American Tobacco interests, and the links outside of North Carolina to the Willard F. Rockwell nexus of characters at Rockwell Intl which later bought out the failing Draper Corp. after the JFK Assassination. The Pattersons counted both the Rockwells, the Grays and the Drapers as the customers of American Machine and Foundry over the decades covering military, textile and tobacco applications http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntr..._1966004086.pdf SPACE TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO MAN’S EARTHLY NEEDS AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY Advanced Products Group Field Operations Engineering Division Santa Barbara, California I--------------------------------- McCloy, John J. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCloy He later served as advisor to John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan, and was the primary negotiator on the Presidential Disarmament Committee he served as From March 1947 to June 1949, McCloy was president of the World Bank. From 1954 to 1970, he was chairman of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations in New York chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank from 1953 to 1960 chairman of the Ford Foundation from 1958 to 1965 trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1946 to 1949, and then again from 1953 to 1958, McCloy had a long association with the Rockefeller family, going back to his early Harvard days At his direction, a campaign of wholesale pardoning and commutation of sentences of Nazi criminals took place, including those of the prominent industrialists Friedrich Flick and Alfried Krupp He was selected by Johnson to serve on the Warren Commission in 1963. Notably, he was initially sceptical of the lone gunman theory, but a trip to Dallas with Allen Dulles, an old friend also serving on the Commission, in the spring of 1964 to visit the scene of the assassination convinced him of the case against Oswald McCloy became a name partner in the Rockefeller-associated prominent New York law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy. In this capacity he acted for the "Seven Sisters", the leading multinational oil companies, including Exxon, in their initial confrontations with the nationalisation movement in Libya—as well as negotiations with Saudi Arabia and OPEC. was a member of the foreign policy establishment group of elders called "The Wise Men." http://www.truth-it.net/council_on_foreign...conspiracy.html 'And over the years, the men McCloy called in turn called other Council members. . . Of the first 82 names on a list prepared to help President Kennedy staff his State Department, 63 were Council members ... http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/12/obituari...dead-at-93.html Mr. McCloy was chairman of so many boards and had his hands in so many ventures that the political writer Richard Rovere once proposed that he was the informal ''chairman of the Establishment,'' a group that ''fixes major goals and constitutes itself a ready pool of manpower for the more exacting labors of leadership.'' http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccloyJ.htm McCloy continued to specialize in German cases and in 1936 Mccloy traveled to Berlin where he had a meeting with Rudolf Hess. This was followed by McCloy sharing a box with with Adolf Hitler and Herman Goering at the Berlin Olympics. McCloy's law firm also represented I.G. Farben and its affiliates during this period. In March 1950, McCloy was given the task of appointing a new head of the West German Secret Service. After discussing the matter with Frank Wisner of the CIA, McCloy decided on Reinhard Gehlen, the Nazi war criminal I--------------------------------- Jackson, Charles D. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Douglas_Jackson General Charles Douglas (C. D.) Jackson (16 March 1902 – 18 September 1964) was an expert on psychological warfare who served in the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later as Special Assistant to the President in the Eisenhower administration. He was a speech writer for Dwight Eisenhower's 1952 presidential campaign. He was assigned to be President Eisenhower's liaison between the newly created CIA and the Pentagon. During 1953 and 1954, C. D. Jackson was key in establishing the Bilderberg Group and ensuring American participation. He attended meetings of the group in 1957, 1958 and 1960.[4] In 1960 he was publisher of Life magazine. http://www.4rie.com/rie%203.html ... It took a while for Jackson to organize the American wing of the group, but finally, in May 1954, the first conference was held in the Hotel de Bilderberg, a secluded hotel in Holland, near the German border. Prince Bernhard, and Retinger drew up the list of invitees from the European countries, while Jackson controlled the American list." I--------------------------------- Harriman, Averell Although no record exists of Harriman attending Bilderberg, he remains one of the principles of the Bilderberg Group http://mellqvist.wordpress.com/2009/07/26/...erberg-society/ ... links to Bilderberg run through the networks built by aging diplomat Averell Harriman, the U.S. initiator of the Bilderberg group. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman In January 1961, he was appointed Ambassador at Large in the Kennedy administration, a position he held until November, when he became Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs. In December 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn defected from the Soviet Union and named Harriman a Soviet spy, but Harriman nonetheless remained in his position until April 1963, when he became Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. He continued in that position in the Lyndon Johnson administration, until March 1965 when he again became Ambassador at Large, a position he would hold for the remainder of Johnson's presidency. Harriman was the chief US negotiator at the Paris peace talks on Vietnam. ... Harriman is noted for supporting, on behalf of the state department, the coup against Vietnam president Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963. Johnson's confession in the assassination of Diem could indicate some complicity on Harriman's part.[6] [7] ... While Averell Harriman served as Senior Partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Harriman Bank was the main Wall Street connection for German companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of Fritz Thyssen, who had been an early financial backer of the Nazi party until 1938, but who by 1939 had fled Germany and was bitterly denouncing Adolf Hitler. http://www.scribd.com/doc/17514348/The-Bil...-Dr-JH-Retinger August 1956 THE BILDERBERG GROUP by DR J. H. RETINGER In November 1952 I went to the United States. Soon afterwards came H.R.H. Prince Bernhard and, finally, M. van Zeeland. We approached certain members of the Democratic administration which was still in office. Mr. Averell Harriman was especially interested in this work I--------------------------------- Bundy, McGeorge http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/bundy-obit.html he was national security adviser to Presidents Kennedy ... Mac Bundy was one of the few Kennedy loyalists to stay on under Lyndon Johnson and adjust to the formidable and volatile new boss http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resou...eorge+Bundy.htm Though he considered himself a Republican, then Harvard Dean of Faculty, Mr. Bundy was disillusioned with 1960 Republican candidate Richard Nixon, and organized support for Kennedy among academics and scientists. Bundy was appointed Special Assistant to the President for National Security in 1961. He was considered one of the "best and brightest" of President Kennedy's circle of advisors and cabinet members. Following President Kennedy's assassination, Mr. Bundy stayed on as President Johnson's National Security Adviser, and was best known for his role as a supporter of the American military effort in Vietnam. He resigned in 1966 to become President of the Ford Foundation. 1940 A.B., Yale University 1948-49 Political Analyst, Council on Foreign Relations I--------------------------------- I--------------------------------- Bruce, David K.E. [ First Documented Bilderberg Attendance 1965 ] Ambassador to U.K. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce David Kirkpatrick Este Bruce (February 12, 1898 - December 5, 1977) was an American diplomat. He served as the United States Ambassador to France from 1949 to 1952, United States Ambassador to West Germany from 1957 to 1959, and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1961 to 1969. He was an American envoy at the Paris peace talks between the United States and North Vietnam in 1970 and 1971. Bruce also served as the first United States emissary to the People's Republic of China from 1973 to 1974 and as ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from 1975 to 1976. Bruce served in the Office of Strategic Services in London and was a candidate for director of its successor the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1950. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-...i3a09p_0003.htm Bruce accompanied the invasion fleet and on 7 June went ashore on Utah Beach. Concurrently, more than 100 OSS agents reported on enemy troop movements behind the lines, while an equal number worked with French Resistance in sabotaging rail and communications links. http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK+Library+and+...+Recordings.htm On February 5, 1963, Tape 72, the President meets with staff members to discuss the draft instructions for US Ambassador to the United Kingdom David Bruce, who had been recently asked by President Kennedy to make a review of the United States' policies with Europe and to make recommendations for action. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKbruce.htm Bruce moved to Washington where he associated with a group of journalists, politicians and government officials that became known as the Georgetown Set. This included Frank Wisner, George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. In 1956 President Dwight Eisenhower appointed Bruce as a member of the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA). Eisenhower asked Bruce to write a report on the CIA. It was presented to Eisenhower on 20th December, 1956. Bruce argued that the CIA's covert actions were "responsible in great measure for stirring up the turmoil and raising the doubts about us that exists in many countries in the world today." Bruce was also highly critical of Operation Mockingbird. He argued: "what right have we to go barging around in other countries buying newspapers and handling money to opposition parties or supporting a candidate for this, that, or the other office." http://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv....m/msg03306.html Ailsa Mellon, the sister of Paul Mellon, married David K. Bruce, a young foreign service officer. Soon after their marriage, Ailsa Mellon Bruce was stricken by an undiagnosed illness that rendered her, in the words of her husband, a "semi-invalid." They were eventually divorced, and David Bruce went on to a distinguished diplomatic career. After the divorce, Ailsa became almost a recluse. At one time, she owned three apartments in New York, two houses in Connecticut, an estate on Long Island, and a residence in Palm Beach. Ailsa apparently took a great deal of interest in her philanthropies and her art collection, much of which she donated to the National Gallery of Art. When she died in 1969, she left the bulk of her estate, valued at $570 million, to her Avalon Foundation. This foundation was later merged with two smaller foundations established by her brother to form the giant Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. I--------------------------------- Acheson, Dean http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Acheson His most famous decision was convincing Truman to intervene, in June 1950, in the Korean War. Historians have argued, "Dean Acheson was more than 'present at the creation' of the Cold War; he was a primary architect."[2] ... Acheson was instrumental in framing U.S. policy toward Vietnam, persuading Truman to dispatch aid and advisors to French forces in Indochina, though in 1968 he finally counseled President Lyndon B. Johnson to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy called upon Acheson for advice, bringing him into the executive committee (ExComm), a strategic advisory group. Acheson refused to 'turn his back on Alger Hiss' when the latter was accused of being a Communist spy, and convicted (of perjury for denying he was a spy He retired as secretary of state on Jan. 20, 1953, and served on the Yale Board of Trustees I--------------------------------- I--------------------------------- Fulbright, J. William http://www.jwhfulbright.org/legacy/index.html William Fulbright (1905-1995), born in Sumner, Missouri, was raised in Fayetteville, Arkansas and was educated at the University of Arkansas. He then attended Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar where he received a Master of Arts degree. From 1959-1974 Fulbright served as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the longest serving chairman of that committee in history. He was elected to the U.S. Senate (Arkansas) and served from 1945 through 1974 becoming one of its most influential and best-known members Fulbright was the only Senator who voted against the appropriations for Senator McCarthy's Un-American Activities Committee. He lodged serious objections to President Kennedy in advance of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. And, he was a powerful voice in opposition to the war in Vietnam I--------------------------------- I--------------------------------- Heinz, Henry J. II Henry John Heinz II, best known as Jack Heinz, (1908–1987) was an American business executive and CEO of the H. J. Heinz Company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. He was graduate of Yale University, where he was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society. Father of United States Senator John Heinz I--------------------------------- I--------------------------------- Nitze, Paul H. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nitze Paul Henry Nitze (January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was a high-ranking United States government official who helped shape Cold War defense policy over the course of numerous presidential administrations. ... In 1928-1929 the Chicago brokerage firm of Bacon, Whipple and Company sent Nitze to Europe. Upon his return, he heard Clarence Dillon predict the depression and the decline of the importance of finance ... Nitze's brother-in-law Walter Paepcke founded the Aspen Institute and Aspen Skiing Company. Nitze continued to ski in Aspen until well into his 80s. Nitze entered government service during World War II, serving first on the staff of James Forrestal when Forrestal became an administrative assistant to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt In 1943 he became chief of the Metals and Minerals Branch of the Board of Economic Warfare From 1953 to 1961, Nitze served as president of the Foreign Service Educational Foundation while concurrently serving as associate of the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research and the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) of the Johns Hopkins University In 1961 President Kennedy appointed Nitze Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs and in 1963 he became the Secretary of the Navy, serving until 1967 Nitze was President Ronald Reagan's chief negotiator of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1981-1984). I--------------------------------- I--------------------------------- Rockefeller, David http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=8759 280 - Letter to David Rockefeller on the Balance of Payments Question. July 6, 1962 http://www.isgp.eu/organisations/introduct...efeller_bio.htm Enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1942. Military Intelligence officer in North Africa and Southern France 1942-1945. Set up an intelligence network in Algiers and was an insider to the battle between Charles De Gaulle and Henri Giraud for control over the French resistance. First became friends with William Paley (Pilgrims) and C.D. Jackson in Algiers. Met with ambassador Robert Murphy, a staunch Giraud supporter. Met David Bruce in 1945, head of the OSS. He would meet Bruce and his wife again in 1973 in China, where he would be invited for dinner. Assistant Military Attaché in Paris in the last 7 months of the war. I--------------------------------- Rusk, Dean http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Rusk David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. While attending St. John's College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, he received the Cecil Peace Prize in 1933.[3][5] In World War II he joined the infantry as a reserve captain, and served as a staff officer in the China Burma India Theater. He was made Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs in 1950 and played an influential part in the US decision to become involved in the Korean War, Rusk was a Rockefeller Foundation trustee from 1950 to 1961. In 1952 he succeeded Chester L. Barnard as president of the Foundation.[3] I---------------------------------