Ray S. Cline

[John Bevilaqua]

From John Marks in The Search for The Manchurian Candidate...

"If the CIA had not tried to find out what the Russians were doing with mind-altering drugs in the early

1950s, I think the then-Director should have been fired," says Ray Cline, a former Deputy Director of the Agency.

And here is one of the ground breaking revelations linking a Pioneer Fund funding recipient, Dr. Hans J. Eysenck, who

had been picketed in Australia for his history as an unrepentant Nazi, to the CIA and the Human Ecology Society

and the Human Ecology Fund.

THIS IS, IMHO, PROOF POSITIVE THAT THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE STYLE OF MIND CONTROL SLIPPED OUT OF

THE CONTROL OF THE CIA AND INTO THE DEVIOUS AND DUPLICITOUS HANDS OF WICKLIFFE P. DRAPER AND

HIS PIONEER FUND JUST IN TIME FOR HIM TO USE THIS SURREPTITIOUS PROGRAM AS BLACKMAIL AGAINST

THE CIA FOLLOWING THE MURDER OF JOHN F. KENNEDY ORCHESTRATED BY DRAPER AND THE GANG OF FIVE.

"Similarly, the (Human Ecology) Society gave grants of $26,000 to the well-known University of London psychologist, H. J. Eysenck, for his work on motivation. An MKULTRA document acknowledged that this research would have "no immediate relevance for Agency needs," but that it would "lend prestige" to the Society. The grants to Eysenck also allowed the Society to take funding credit for no less than nine of his publications in its 1963 report."

Here is John Simkin on Ray Steiner Cline who was chief of the Mukden, China OSS desk. Robert Emmett

Johnson was a Marine stationed in Tsingtao in 1948 when Anastase Vonsiatsky, The Manchurian Candidate

from Richard Condon's book of the same name, was still active in the nether worlds of nearby Harbin, Manchuria

once known as Manchuoko during the Japanese occupation. George de Mohrenschildt's wife Jeanne was

even born in Harbin during the Czarist's anti-Communist diaspora. George himself reported to Anastase as

did his convicted World War II Nazi spy and close relative Baron Constantine de Maydell.

And George used the pseudonym Philip Harbin during his sojourns into the Dominican Republic and Haiti

apparently. It is interesting to note, but not yet conclusive, that a database proximity scan I just ran

also finds Robert Emmett Johnson involved with either George and/or Ray Steiner Cline in the Haiti/DR nexus

of characters involved with plots against Papa Doc Duvalier, and later with Cline at WACL for the Archbishop

Romero and other assassination plots. Johnson even wrote magazine articles for True in the late 1960's titled

"I stuck pins in a Voodoo Dictator" and "For a Million Bucks I would assassinate Castro".

Cline himself shows up in the novel, The Manchurian Candidate in 1958, as "John E. is Rey S. Kline"

or Johnny is Ray S. Cline, after decomposing the letters in what turns out to be a perfect anagram:

"John Yerkes Iselin" who was known as Johnny. So from 1948 to 1988 Cline and Johnson were closely

associated with each other across the globe. Was Johnson a programmed assassin or just a good killer?

Probably a little bit of both.

Cline was also in Taiwan when Oswald was there and in the Phillipines when Benito Aquino was murdered

according to a career State Dept. employee in the family. Did Cline turn into a contract killer just for the money?

Or were some or all of these campaigns done under the auspices of and with the approval of the CIA? Cline

certainly was one of the shadiest and most secretive characters ever to have lived. He took over the spot once

reserved for James J. Angleton.

Here is John Simkin on Cline...

Ray Steiner Cline was born in 1919. He studied at Harvard University before joining the Office of Strategic Services during the Second World War. In 1944 he was appointed as Chief of Current Intelligence. Later he was sent to China where he worked with John K. Singlaub, Richard Helms, E. Howard Hunt, Mitchell WerBell, Paul Helliwell, Robert Emmett Johnson and Lucien Conein. Others working in China at that time included Tommy Corcoran, Whiting Willauer and William Pawley.

In 1946 Cline was assigned to the Operations Division of the War Department General Staff to write its history. Cline joined the Central Intelligence Bureau in 1949 and eventually became Chief of the Office of National Estimates. He also served in Britain (1951-53) under Brigadier General Thomas Betts. Cline became Chief of station in Taiwan in 1957. A post he held for over four years.

In 1962 Cline was appointed as Deputy Director for Intelligence for the CIA. He became disillusioned with Lyndon B. Johnson and he requested a move from Washington. In 1966 Richard Helms managed to arrange for Clines to become Special Coordinator and Adviser to the Ambassador in the U.S. Embassy in Bonn. From 1969 until his retirement in 1973, he was Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research at the Department of State during the Richard Nixon administration.

Cline played an important role in the forming of right-wing organizations such as the World Anti-Communist League and its U.S. chapter, the U.S. Council for World Freedom.

Edited October 24, 2007 by John Bevilaqua

[John Bevilaqua]

Óscar Romero - one of Cline's victims

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Archbishop Óscar A. Romero

Denomination Roman Catholic Church

Senior posting

See San Salvador

Title Archbishop of San Salvador

Period in office 1977–1980

Consecration 23 February 1977

Predecessor Luis Chávez y González

Successor Arturo Rivera y Damas

Religious career

Priestly ordination 4 April 1942

Previous bishoprics Bishop of Santiago de María

Previous post Bishop

Personal

Date of birth 15 August 1917

Place of birth Ciudad Barrios

Date of death 24 March 1980

Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez (August 15, 1917 – March 24, 1980), commonly known as Monseñor Romero or Padre Romero, was a priest of the Roman Catholic Church in El Salvador. He later became the fourth Archbishop of San Salvador, succeeding the long-reigning Luis Chávez y González.

As archbishop, he witnessed ongoing violations of human rights and started a group which spoke out to the poor and also victims of the country's civil war. Chosen to be archbishop for his conservatism, once in office his conscience led him to embrace a non-violent form of liberation theology, a position that has led to comparisons with Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Later, in 1980, he was assassinated by gunshot shortly after his homily. His death provoked international outcry for human rights reform in El Salvador. After his assassination, Romero was succeeded by Msgr. Arturo Rivera y Damas.

In 1997, a cause for beatification and canonization into sainthood was opened for Romero, and Pope John Paul II bestowed upon him the title of Servant of God. The process continues.[1] He is considered by some the unofficial patron saint of the Americas and El Salvador and is often referred to as "San Romero" by the Catholic workers in El Salvador. Outside of Catholicism, Romero is honored by other religious denominations of Christendom, including the Church of England through its Common Worship. He is one of the ten 20th-century martyrs from across the world who are depicted in statues above the Great West Door of Westminster Abbey, London.[2]

Contents [hide]

1 Childhood

2 Seminarian

3 Priest

4 Bishop

5 Archbishop

6 Church Persecution

7 Assassination and funeral

8 Canonization Cause

8.1 Spiritual life

8.2 Process of Canonization

9 Romero in popular culture

9.1 Television and film

9.2 Visual arts

9.3 Poetry and song

10 Notes

11 References

12 External link

[edit] Childhood

Arms of Archbishop Oscar A. RomeroRomero entered public school, which only offered grades one through three. When finished with public school, Romero was privately tutored by Anita Iglesias until age twelve or thirteen. Throughout this time Óscar's father, Santos, had been training Romero in carpentry. Romero showed exceptional proficiency as an "apprentice". Santos wanted to offer his son the skill of a trade, because in El Salvador studies seldom led to employment.

[edit] Seminarian

In 1930, at age 13, Romero entered the minor seminary run by the Claretians in San Miguel. He remained in San Miguel for seven years, when in 1937 he left for the national seminary run by the Jesuits in San Salvador. There he began his studies in theology when shortly after arriving Óscar's father died. Halfway through his first year Romero was sent to continue his studies in Rome in the Gregorian University, living in a dorm with other Latin American seminarians at the Latin American College. He continued his studies in theology and excelled academically. However, by 1939, World War II was spreading throughout Europe. Italy found itself right in the middle of conflict, having officially entered the war by 1940. Many of Romero's fellow seminarians chose to return home before the conflict worsened, but Romero and several others stayed on. In the 1940 to 1941 school year, while war and uncertainty weighed heavily on his mind, Romero managed to earn his licentiate degree in theology cum laude.

[edit] Priest

On April 4, 1942, Romero was ordained a Catholic priest in Rome. Romero remained in Rome to obtain doctoral degrees in theology, working on ascetical theology. In 1943, before finishing, he was summoned back home from Fascist Italy by the bishop at age 26. He traveled home with his good friend Fr. Valladares, who had graduated in 1940 and was also doing doctoral work in Rome. In route home they made stops in Spain and Cuba, being detained by Cuban police for having come from Mussolini's Italy and placed in an internment camp. After several months in prison Valladares became sick, and some priests of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer helped to have the two transferred to a hospital. From the hospital they were released from Cuban custody and allowed back home, where they sailed for Mexico and traveled back home to El Salvador.

He began working as a parish priest in Anamorós but then moved to San Miguel where he worked for over 20 years. He promoted various apostolic groups, started an Alcoholics Anonymous group, helped in the construction of San Miguel's cathedral and supported devotion to the Virgin of the Peace. He was later appointed Rector of the inter-diocese seminary in San Salvador. In 1966, he began his public life when he was chosen to be Secretary of the Episcopal Conference for El Salvador. He also became Director of "Orientación", the archdiocesan newspaper, which became fairly conservative while he was editor, defending the traditional magisterium of the Catholic Church.

[edit] Bishop

In 1970 he was appointed auxiliary bishop to San Salvador Archbishop Luis Chávez y González, a move not welcomed by the more progressive members of the Priesthood in El Salvador. He took up his appointment as Bishop of the Diocese of Santiago de María in December 1975.[3]

[edit] Archbishop

A bust of Óscar RomeroOn February 23, 1977, he was appointed Archbishop of San Salvador; his appointment was met with surprise, dismay and even incredulity among various groups. While this appointment was welcomed in government circles, it was met with disappointment by those priests (especially those openly aligning with Marxism) who feared that with his conservative reputation he would put the brakes on their liberation theology commitment to the poor.

On March 12, a progressive Jesuit priest and personal friend Rutilio Grande, who had been creating self-reliance groups among the poor campesinos, was assassinated. His death had a profound impact on Romero who later stated "When I looked at Rutilio lying there dead I thought 'if they have killed him for doing what he did, then I too have to walk the same path". Romero urged the government of Arturo Armando Molina to investigate the crime, but they ignored his calls. The press, which was censored, also remained silent. Tension was noted by the closure of some schools and the absence of Catholic priests being invited to participate in governmental acts. In his response to Fr. Rutilio's murder, Romero revealed a radicalism that had not been evident before. He began to speak out against the poverty, social injustice, assassinations and torture taking place in the country. As a result, Romero began to be noticed internationally. In February 1980, he was given an honorary doctorate by the Catholic University of Leuven. On his visit to Europe to receive this honour, he met Pope John Paul II and expressed his concerns at what was happening in his country. Romero argued that it was problematic to support the government in El Salvador because it legitimized the terror and assassinations being committed.

In 1979, the Revolutionary Government Junta came to power amidst a wave of human rights abuses by paramilitary right-wing groups as well as by the government. Romero spoke out against U.S. military aid to the new government and wrote to President Jimmy Carter in February 1980, warning that increased military aid would "undoubtedly sharpen the injustice and the repression inflicted on the organized people, whose struggle has often been for their most basic human rights". Carter, concerned that El Salvador would become "another Nicaragua", ignored Romero's pleas.

[edit] Church Persecution

Archbishop Romero denounced what he characterized as the persecution of his Church:

In less than three years, more than fifty priests have been attacked, threatened and slandered. Six of them are martyrs, having been assassinated; various others have been tortured, and others expelled from the country. Religious women have also been the object of persecution. The archdiocesan radio station, Catholic educational institutions and Christian religious institutions have been constantly attacked, menaced, threatened with bombs. Various parish convents have been sacked.[4]

Catholic priests assassinated in El Salvador during Óscar Romero's archbishopric (1977 - 1980):

Rutilio Grande García, S.J. - assassinated March 12, 1977

Alfonso Navarro Oviedo - assassinated May 11, 1977

Ernesto Barrera - assassinated November 28, 1978

Octavio Ortiz Luna - assassinated January 20, 1979

Rafael Palacios - assassinated June 20, 1979

Alirio Napoleón Macías - assassinated August 4, 1979

[edit] Assassination and funeral

Left to right: Archbishop Luis Chávez; his successor Óscar Romero; Romero's successor Arturo Rivera; and Fr. Rutilio Grande, pictured in 1970.Romero was shot to death with a single shot to the heart on March 24, 1980 while celebrating Catholic Mass at a small chapel near his cathedral, after he gave a sermon in which he called on Salvadoran soldiers, as Christians, to obey God's higher order and to stop carrying out the government's repression and violations of basic human rights. According to an audio-recording of the Mass, he was shot moments after the homily, which he had concluded with an improvised pre-Eucharistic prayer thanking God (the homily in the Roman Catholic Rite more or less signifies the end of the Liturgy of the Word and the beginning of the Liturgy of the Eucharist or Mass of the Faithful). When he was shot, his blood was spilled over his own altar and some of the congregation say it went into the communion wine.

It is believed that his assassins were members of Salvadoran death squads, including two graduates of the U.S.-run School of the Americas, who were acting on orders of the Salvadoran military. This view was supported in 1993 by an official U.N. report, which identified the man who ordered the killing as Major Roberto D'Aubuisson,[5] who had founded the political party Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), and organized death squads that systematically carried out politically-motivated assassinations and other human rights abuses in El Salvador. Rafael Alvaro Saravia, a former captain in the Salvadorian Air Force, was chief of security for Roberto D'Aubuisson and an active member of these death squads. In 2004, Mr. Saravia was found liable by a U.S. District Court under the Alien Tort Claims Act ("ATCA") (28 U.S.C. § 1350) for aiding, conspiring, and participating in the assassination of Archbishop Romero. Mr. Saravia was ordered to pay $10 million dollars for extrajudicial killing and crimes against humanity pursuant to the ATCA. Doe v. Rafael Saravia, 348 F. Supp. 2d 1112 (E.D. Cal. 2004) (providing an excellent account of the events leading up, and subsequent, to Archbishop Romero's death).

Romero is buried in the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Holy Savior (Catedral Metropolitana de San Salvador). The funeral mass (rite of visitation and requiem) on March 30, 1980, in San Salvador was attended by more than 250,000 mourners from all over the world. Viewing this attendance as a protest, Jesuit priest John Dear has said, "Romero’s funeral was the largest demonstration in Salvadoran history, some say in the history of Latin America."

During the ceremony, a bomb exploded on the Cathedral square (Plaza Barrios) and subsequently there were shots fired that probably came from surrounding buildings. While no one died from the bomb-blast or the shots, many people were killed during the following mass panic; official sources talk of 31 overall casualties, journalists indicated between 30 and 50 dead.[6] Some witnesses claimed it was government security forces that threw bombs into the crowd, and army sharpshooters, dressed as civilians, that fired into the chaos from the balcony or roof of the National Palace. However, there are contradictory accounts as to the course of the events and "probably, one will never know the truth about the interrupted funeral"[7]

Twenty-five years later, the BBC recalled the horror:

"Tens of thousands of mourners who had gathered for Romero's funeral Mass in front of the cathedral in San Salvador were filmed fleeing in terror as army gunners on the rooftops around the square opened fire. ... One person who was there told us he remembered the piles of shoes left behind by those who escaped with their lives."

As the gunfire continued, the body was buried in a crypt beneath the sanctuary. Even after the burial, people continued to line up to pay homage to their martyred prelate.[8][9][10][11][12]

[edit] Canonization Cause

[edit] Spiritual life

Romero noted in his diary on February 4, 1943: "In recent days the Lord has inspired in me a great desire for holiness.... I have been thinking of how far a soul can ascend if it lets itself be possessed entirely by God." Commenting on this passage, James R. Brockman, S.J., Romero's biographer and author of Romero: A Life, said that "All the evidence available indicates that he continued on his quest for holiness until the end of his life. But he also matured in that quest." [13]

According to Brockman, Romero's spiritual journey had some of these characteristics: (1) love for the Church of Rome, shown by his episcopal motto, "to be of one mind with the church", a phrase he took from St. Ignatius' Spiritual Exercises, (2) a tendency to make a very deep examination of conscience, (3) an emphasis on sincere piety, (3) mortification and penance through his duties, (4) providing protection for his chastity, (5) spiritual direction (Romero said he "entrusted with great satisfaction the spiritual direction of my life and that of other priests" to priests of Opus Dei), (6) "being one with the church incarnated in this people which stands in need of liberation," (7) eagerness for contemplative type of prayer and also finding God in others, (8) fidelity to the will of God, (9) self-offering to Jesus Christ.

[edit] Process of Canonization

On the tenth anniversary of the assassination, the sitting prelate archbishop of San Salvador, Msgr. Arturo Rivera y Damas, appointed a postulator to prepare documentation for a cause of beatification and canonization of Romero. The documents were formally accepted by Pope John Paul II and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1997, and Romero was given the title of "Servant of God". The process continues today with further investigation of the heroism and martyrdom of Romero. Upon the declaration of heroism and martyrdom, it is expected that Romero will achieve the title of "Venerable". Thereafter, miracles must be attributed to Romero in order for him to be declared Blessed and added to the Liturgy of the Hours.

Twenty-six years after Romero's assassination, the canonization cause is stalled. In March 2005, Monsignor Vincenzo Paglia, the Vatican official in charge of the drive, announced that Romero's cause had cleared an unprecedented hurdle, having survived a theological audit by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, at the time headed by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later proclaimed Pope Benedict XVI) and that beatification could follow within six months.[14] Dramatically, Pope John Paul II died within weeks of those remarks. Predictably, the transition of the new Pontiff slowed down the work of canonizations and beatifications. Moreover, the new pontiff, Pope Benedict XVI, instituted liturgical changes that had the overall effect of reining in the Vatican's so-called "factory of saints".[15] Later that year, an October 2005 interview by Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins, the Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, appeared to stall the prospect of an impending Romero beatification. Asked if Msgr. Paglia's predictions checked out, Cardinal Saraiva responded, "Not as far as I know today".[16] In November 2005, a Jesuit magazine signaled that Romero's beatification was still "years away".[17]

Many suspect that the delay in the declaration of heroism and martyrdom is due to the fact that Romero is closely tied to, but not directly involved with, the liberation theology movement espoused especially by the Jesuits of Latin America. The charge has been dismissed by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints who have pointed out that Romero has not yet met certain criteria to move on to the next levels of the inquests, processes which have historically taken decades to roll into motion.

[edit] Romero in popular culture

[edit] Television and film

The film Romero (1989) was based on the Archbishop's life story. It was directed by John Duigan and starred Raúl Juliá and produced by Paulist Productions (a film company run by the Paulist Fathers, a group of Catholic Priests). Timed for release ten years after Romero's death, it was the first Hollywood feature film ever to be financed by the Roman Catholic Church. The film received respectful, if less than enthusiastic, reviews. Roger Ebert typified the critics who acknowledged that "[t]he film has a good heart, and the Julia performance is an interesting one, restrained and considered ... The film's weakness is a certain implacable predictability." Although the film depicts Romero's assassination as occurring during the Consecration of the Eucharistic wine, he was actually killed after giving the homily. Also, Romero was never sent to jail as was in the movie, rather, he was just detained at a detainment camp.

Oliver Stone's 1986 film, Salvador, contains a dramatisation of the assassination of Archbishop Romero (played in the movie by José Carlos Ruiz). The film tells the true story of sleazy photojournalist Richard Boyle (James Woods), who undergoes a spiritual conversion while covering the death squad killings in El Salvador during the Civil War.

Romero was also featured in the made-for-TV movie, Choices of the Heart (NBC, 1983, René Enríquez as Romero) about the murder of four U.S. churchwomen in El Salvador

Romero was also depicted in two biopics about the papacy of Karol Wojtyła, the U.S. television biopic Have No Fear: The Life of Pope John Paul II (ABC, 2005, Joaquim de Almeida as Romero) and the Italian biopic "Karol, un papa rimasto uomo" (2006, Carlos Kaniowsky as Romero).

[edit] Visual arts

From the Gallery of 20th century martyrs at Westminster Abbey- Mother Elizabeth of Russia, Revd. Martin Luther King, Archbishop Óscar Romero and Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

A statue of Oscar Romero sculpted by John Roberts fills a prominent niche on the western facade of Westminster Abbey in London. The statue was unveiled in the presence of Queen Elizabeth in 1998. Barry Woods Johnston sculpted the statue of Oscar Romero displayed in the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. The Italian sculptor, Paolo Borghi crafted the catafalque that covers Romero's tomb in the crypt of the San Salvador cathedral and shows Romero "sleeping the sleep of the just" as four Evangelists stand guard.

Br. Robert Lentz, OFM, painted a now-famous "icon" of Archbishop Romero based on traditional church iconography but with updated the conventional elements. For example, traditional angels are replaced with military helicopters over red tiled roofs. Frank Diaz Escalet executed a series of "outsider art" paintings on Archbishop Romero, now exhibited in the permanent collection of the Organization of the American States Museum, in Washington, D.C.; the permanent collection of the Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas; the Ella Noel Museum of Odessa, Texas; and Maryknoll galleries in New York.

[edit] Poetry and song

The most famous reference to Romero's death in Spanish language songs is "El Padre Antonio y el monaguillo Andres", by Panamanian singer Ruben Blades. This song fictionally describes the violent deaths of Padre Antonio (representing Romero) and monaguillo Andres during mass.

Brazilian Bishop Dom Pedro Casaldáliga immortalized Romero as "San Romero de América" ('St. Romero of the Americas') in a famous poem by that name written shortly after the assassination. The poem, a variation on the Angelus, popularized the use of the phrase "San Romero" (as opposed to "St. Oscar") throughout Latin America (as, for example, in the "San Romero" paintings by Escalet, or the "San Romero de America" UCC Church in New York City). Also, salsa singer Rubén Blades wrote and sings the song "El Padre Antonio y el Monaguillo Andrés", a song in which an idealist Spanish priest arrives to a Latin American country, giving sermons in which he condemns violence, talks about love and justice, and at the end is murdered during a mass. Blades has said he wrote this song referring to Romero, so that "the death of Romero is not forgotten".

Song "Romero" by Jolie Rickman, documents his last sermon before his assassination. Available on the CD "Sing It Down" via SOA Watch, http://www.soaw.org/new/sub.php?id=2.

Welsh singer-songwriter Dafydd Iwan wrote about Romero's assassination in his song "Oscar Romero".[18]

Richard Gilpin wrote the song "Oscar Romero" which appeared on his album "Loose Ends".

Oscar Romero is a character in Elizabeth Swados' musical/theater piece, "Missionaries," about the murder of four church women in El Salvador.

[edit] Notes

^ http://romeroes.com/canonizacion/canonizacion.html Proceso de Canonización Monseñor Romero

^ http://www.westminster-abbey.org/history-r...es/people/13679 Westminster Abbey (Oscar Romero)

^ http://romeroes.com/biografia/ingles.htm, Romerobobby biography from Archdiocese of San Salvador canonization site.

^ Speech at Lovaine University, Belgium, (Feb. 2, 1980).

^ Morozzo p. 351-2

^ Morozzo p. 354

^ Morozzo p. 364

^ http://kellogg.nd.edu/romero/PDF%27s/Chronology.pdf Chronology of the Salvadoran Civil War, Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame

^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/file_on_4/4376733.stm Requiem for Romero, BBC Radio 4, March 23, 2005

^ http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0324-21.htm Oscar Romero, Presente!, John Dear, CommonDreams.org, March 24, 2005

^ http://kellogg.nd.edu/romero/pdfs/Biography.pdf Romero biography, Kellogg Institute, Notre Dame University (accessed 2006-08-21)

^ http://www.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMini...wp-3-31-80.html "40 Killed in San Salvador: 40 Killed at Rites For Slain Prelate; Bombs, Bullets Disrupt Archbishop's Funeral," by Christopher Dickey,Washington Post Foreign Service, Monday, March 31, 1980; Page A1

^ http://www.spiritualitytoday.org/spir2day/904242brock.html James Brockman, S.J. The Spiritual Journey of Oscar Romero

^ http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=35989 Beatification cause advanced for Archbishop Romero

^ http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/archive/pr...1059021,00.html Will the Pope Make Fewer Saints?

^ http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=9359 Interview with Cardinal José Saraiva Martins

^ http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0506300.htm Magazine says Archbishop Romero was killed for actions of faith

^ James, E. Wyn (2005), "Painting the World Green: Dafydd Iwan and the Welsh Protest Ballad", Folk Music Journal 8 (5): 594-618, <http://www.cf.ac.uk/insrv/libraries/scolar/digital/welshballads/painting.html>

[edit] References

San Romero – a multi-lingual discussion group dedicated to Romero.

Remembering Archbishop Oscar Romero (several contemporary and memorial articles gathered)

Article on Romero, contains picture of Lentz icon

Romero A description of the pursuit of justice for Oscar Romero

Roanoke Catholic

Ciudad Romero A Salvadoran town reborn and named for Oscar Romero.

Morozzo della Rocca, Roberto. Primero Dios. Vita di Oscar Romero. Milan 2005: Mondadori.

Edited October 24, 2007 by John Bevilaqua

[John Bevilaqua]

Benito Aquino - another Cline victim

The “people power” revolution that brought Corazon Aquino, widow of assassinated opposition leader Benito Aquino, to the presidency of the Philippines seemed to promise a new era in the troubled history of that nation. The downfall of the Marcos regime and the advent of a new leadership inspired by an apparent idealism and concern for pressing social problems were met with international enthusiasm and optimism. Although Cory Aquino came to the presidency by projecting the image of a bereaved widow unsophisticated in political matters and inspired by a vision of a new and better Philippines, in reality she was almost as unwilling as her predecessor to deliver many of the reforms necessary for her country’s advancement beyond poverty and corruption. The Aquino presidency ultimately proved ineffectual.

Robert H. Reid and Eileen Guerrero, both seasoned journalists, reported on the political scene in the Philippines throughout the Aquino administration, and their in-depth analysis in Corazon Aquino and the Brushfire Revolution offers a vivid, insightful record of those turbulent years. Using a wealth of interview sources, primary and secondary documents, and their own close familiarity with Filipino society and government, the authors describe and evaluate the complex political world of the Philippines.

The role of the United States as the dominant foreign nation in Philippine affairs is thoroughly chronicled in Corazon Aquino and the Brushfire Revolution. Reid and Guerrero provide an insiders’ account of a country that is unfamiliar to most Americans yet has been a close ally for most of its existence.

Reid and Guerrero do not simply recount the events of the “brushfire revolution.” They demonstrate how the turmoil that marked the Aquino presidency exemplifies the problems faced by countries everywhere seeking to build democracy on the wreckage of authoritarianism. The authors indicate that such governments come to power with great expectations and no small degree of naivete. This valuable analysis of one of the most intriguing and tumultuous eras in Philippine history exposes the contradiction between the international image of the Aquino movement and its leader and the reality of politics and government in an enigmatic and unusual country.

Robert H. Reid has served as Chief of Bureau, Associated Press, in Manila since September, 1986. As a reporter, he has covered the fall of the Shah of Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Iran-Iraq war, and the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Eileen Guerrero, a freelance writer and contributor to publications in Hong Kong and elsewhere, was news editor of the Associated Press in Manila during the Aquino administration. She is a native Filipino.

ISBN: 0-8071-1980-6 cloth

ISBN13: 978-0-8071-1980-8

Published 1995

248 pages, 20 halftones, 9 maps, 6 x 9