The links between the John F. Kennedy assassination and the Profumo Scandal

John Simkin · December 18, 2013

I first became interested in the case of Stephen Ward while investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy. I cam across a declassified FBI file that suggested they were investigating the visit of Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies in July, 1962. The date intrigued me as the story about Keeler and Rice-Davies being involved with the Minister of War John Profumo only became news in March, 1963. Further research showed that it was not only J. Edgar Hoover who was interested in the the Profumo Scandal. In 1963 President Kennedy was paying more than ordinary attention to the case. According to his friend, Ben Bradlee: "He had devoured every word written about the Profumo case. He ordered all further cables on that subject sent to him immediately." The reason Kennedy was concerned so much with the case was that he had been told there was a connection between the women being employed by the sex-parties run by Bobby Baker in Washington and those being organized by Stephen Ward in London. Much to his regret, Kennedy had become involved with some of the women supplied by Baker. This included Suzy Chang and Maria Novotny. By 1963 Kennedy realised that Lyndon B. Johnson was behind Baker's operation and it had been used to gather information to be used to blackmail politicians in Washington. This information was also being shared with Hoover and the FBI. It seemed that Ward was running a similar operation in London. Was it being done for the benefit of MI5? If so, why had MI5 not warned Profumo of this? Or were the intelligence services using this information in the same way as they were in Washington?

I decided to produce some material on the Profumo case. This took the form of biographies on the key figures. During my research I discovered that Keeler and Rice-Davies met Earl Felton at a 1963 New Year party. According to Rice-Davies, Fenton was a screen-writer who introduced her to Robert Mitchum. The following month Felton contacted Keeler. According to her account: "Stephen had been telling him lies, feeding him false information and indicating that I was spying for the Russians because of my love for Eugene. The message was to leave the country, say nothing about anything I might have seen or heard." I know from other sources that Fenton was a CIA agent.

A FBI document dated on 29th January, 1963, reveals that Thomas Corbally, an American businessman who was a close friend of Stephen Ward, told Alfred Wells, the secretary to David Bruce, the ambassador, that Christine Keeler was having a sexual relationship with John Profumo and Eugene Ivanov. The document also stated that Harold Macmillan had been informed about this scandal.

In March, 2009, I was contacted by Mandy Rice-Davies, who was upset by my biography of her. She was particularly angry about a quote I had used by Christine Keeler, that she considered libelous. I was invited to telephone her, which I did, and she was very generous with the amount of information she gave me on the case. The problem was that she was just a pawn in these events and was unable to see the larger picture. For example, she refused to accept that Earl Fenton was a CIA agent and that he genuinely wanted to make her a Hollywood star.

Rice-Davies did give me some really interesting information about the court-case. It was her intention to provide evidence to the court that Stephen Ward was not living on her immoral earnings. However, when she was cross-examined by Ward's defence counsel, James Burge, he never gave her the opportunity to explain this. Whereas when she was cross-examined by the prosecuting council, Mervyn Griffith-Jones, he was allowed by the judge to give the false impression that Lord Astor paid her £200 to have sex with her. Rice-Davies speculated that someone was so determined to get Ward they were even controlling his defence team. I am convinced she is right but it was not the government but the intelligence agencies who had decided on who were going to be the victims of the cover-up.

The story begins in 1952 when Stephen Ward, who worked for the Osteopathic Association Clinic in Dorset Square, became friendly with model, Joy Lewis. She was the wife of the successful businessman and former Labour Party MP, John Lewis. Ward introduced Joy to Frederic Mullally. It was claimed that Mullally had once said that his greatest ambition was to sleep with all the beautiful women in London. Mullally began an affair with Joy Lewis. Mullally later commented: "She (Joy) and Lewis had lots of fights, rows and walkouts. And on one occasion she went out in great distress, and didn't know what to do, and called Stephen Ward. And he put her up for the night at his place. It was a totally friendly gesture on his part." However, when Lewis heard about what happened, he became convinced that Ward was also having an affair with his wife.

Lewis also became angry with Ward over another relationship his wife had. Ward's friend, Warwick Charlton, has argued: "He (Lewis) went potty when he found Stephen had fixed her up with a Swedish beauty queen, a lesbian, with whom she had an affair. This he thought, was an assault on his manhood... He had a heart attack over it." Charlton was with Lewis when he heard the news of the affair. Lewis told Charlton "I will get Ward whatever happens". Lewis took out a revolver and said "I'll shoot myself, but not before I get Ward." Charlton claimed that "from then on, the most important thing in John's life was his burning hatred for Ward, which went on year after year."

The journalist, Logan Gourlay, remembers that in 1953 Lewis attempted to get his newspaper, The Daily Express, to publish an article discrediting Ward. Frederic Mullally explained: "Lewis got hold of an Express reporter, a young untrained boy, and gave him what purported to be an exclusive story that Stephen Ward and I were running a call-girl business in Mayfair." The editor, Arthur Christiansen, who was friendly with both Ward and Mullally, and refused to publish the story. Lewis now began to telephone the Marylebone Police Station anonymously, saying that Dr Ward was procuring girls for his wealthy patients. The police treated the calls as coming from a crank and ignored them.

MI6, who provided prostitutes for foreign visitors, became aware of the activities of Stephan Ward. One officer admitted: "We learned that Ward wasn't that interested in participating in sex. He liked to watch girls being screwed, especially adult women dressed up as underage girls. Ward would obtain girls, and a boost for us came when he met Lord Astor - and capitalised on Astor's perversion... For us, here was a thriving little London setup with all sorts of big names and diplomats and others swimming in and out... MI6 has tentacles everywhere, and someone spotted Ward and felt the setup might become useful, that some interesting people might walk into it. We could get to know them, do little deals, so that they'd be friends of ours."

According to the authors of Honeytrap (1987), MI6 became aware of the attempts by Lewis to bring an end to Ward's activities. An MI6 officer recalled: "The problem was how do we negate Lewis, and stop him spoiling this promising setup? My case officer assigned me to get in with Lewis, and I did, by pretending I wanted an interview for the paper or something. Soon I was going nightclubbing with him - we went to a place called Eve's quite a lot. He was quite open about his hatred for Ward. And I got in with him to the extent that I was helping him to plan his anti-Ward campaign, but in such a way as to make sure it didn't come off.... Ward was never actually recruited, so far as I knew, just observed and kept on ice as an available asset."

In 1954 John Lewis decided to divorce his wife. Lewis told Warwick Charlton that he was going to use the case to ruin Stephen Ward: "He's a bastard. Not only did he introduce Joy to Freddy Mullally but to some Swedish beauty queen as well. I'm going to cite seven men and one woman in my divorce case." The judge in the case noted it had "been fought with a consistent and virulent bitterness which could rarely have been excelled". The judge also questioned some of the evidence he heard. It was later claimed that "Lewis asked several witnesses to perjure themselves, and bribed some to do so." Lewis had not obtained the revenge he required but he was unwilling to forget the damage that Ward had done him.

Ward continued to prosper as an osteopath and his patients included people such as Winston Churchill, Duncan Sandys, Feliks Topolski, Ava Gardner, Mary Martin and Mel Ferrer became his patients. This enabled him to set up his own clinic in Cavendish Square, on the fringe of Harley Street. Over patients included Lord Astor, who allowed him the use of a cottage on his Cliveden Estate. Other friends included Colin Coote, the editor of the Daily Telegraph, Roger Hollis, the head of MI5, Anthony Blunt, Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, Geoffrey Nicholson, the Conservative MP, Peter Rachman, the famous slum landlord and the actor, Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Ward was also an artist and he had a reputation for producing fine portraits of his friends. This included the Duke of Edinburgh and Madame Furtseva, the Soviet Minister of Culture.

In 1959 met Christine Keeler, when she worked as a showgirl at Murrays Cabaret Club. It was not long before she decided to go and live with him at his flat in Orme Court in Bayswater. "His flat was tiny and on the top floor but there was a lift. There was a bed-sitting room with two single beds pushed close together, and an adjoining bathroom. we would share the bed but only as brother and sister; there were never to be any sexual goings-on between us."

During this period Ward also got to know Maria Novotny, Mandy Rice-Davies and Suzy Chang. Novotny ran sex parties in London. So many senior politicians attended that she began referring to herself as the "government's Chief Whip". As well as British politicians such as John Profumo and Ernest Marples, foreign leaders such as Willy Brandt and Ayub Khan, attended these parties.

In 1960 Novotny travelled to the United States with Chang. It is believed that both girls worked at the Quorum Club in Washington, run by Bobby Baker, and became involved in relationships with leading politicians. This included both John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy. Recently released FBI files claim that Stephen Ward was involved in supplying these girls. The FBI investigation also suggested that a "Hungarian madam in New York" was also involved in what was called the "Bowtie" case.

Colin Coote, the editor of the Daily Telegraph commissioned Stephen Ward to sketch pictures of participants in the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Coote " got many complimentary letters about the drawings and decided that when there was another opportunity to use Ward he would do so." Coote suggested Ward should go to the Soviet Union to sketch the leading politicians of the country. However, Ward had difficulty getting a visa from the Soviet Embassy in London. Ward told Coote about his problems and on 21st January 1961, Coote invited Ward to have lunch at the Garrick Club with Eugene Ivanov, an naval attaché at the embassy. Coote later recalled: "I remembered Stephen Ward's difficulty about a visa and thought that this link might be useful." David Floyd, the Daily Telegraph's correspondent on Soviet affairs, also attended the lunch. Ward was impressed with Ivanov's ability to discuss foreign affairs: "I listened with fascination as they argued backward and forward on issues which I had never heard discussed before in an intelligent and informal manner."

Ward and Ivanov became close friends. As Philip Knightley pointed out: "As Ward's friendship with Ivanov blossomed, the original purpose for meeting him - to get a visa to go and sketch Soviet leaders - appears to have been forgotten. The two men met often and went everywhere together. Ivanov would call at Ward's flat unannounced and the two of them would go out - either to visit a club, to play bridge, or to dine with one of Ward's friends." Anthony Summers argues that: "MI5's D branch, responsible for counter-espionage, quickly identified Ivanov as a Soviet Intelligence officer using diplomatic cover, a common practice worldwide. According to one source, part of Ivanov's mission may have been to supervise Soviet penetration of the Portland naval base in Dorset."

In February, 1961, Ward and Christine Keeler moved to 17 Wimpole Mews in Marylebone. According to Keeler's autobiography, The Truth at Last (2001), Roger Hollis and Anthony Blunt were regular visitors to the flat. "He (Lord Denning) knew that Stephen was a spy and that I knew too much. During my two sessions with him I told him all about Hollis and Blunt: how Stephen had politely introduced me and how I had said 'hello' and nodded when they visited. I told him all about Sir Godfrey's visit and how I had seen Sir Godfrey with Eugene. He asked me very precisely who had met Eugene and about the visitors to Wimpole Mews. He showed me a photograph of Hollis - it wasn't a sharp shot of him - and asked me to identify him. I told Denning this was the man who had visited Stephen. He showed me a photograph of Sir Godfrey and I also identified him. He did not show me a picture of Blunt for, I suspect, they already knew more than they wanted to know about Blunt. Denning was very gentle about it and I told him everything. This was the nice gentleman who was going to look after me. But I was ignored, side-lined - disparaged as a xxxx so that he could claim that there had been no security risk. It was the ultimate whitewash."

Ward also got to know Keith Wagstaffe of MI5. On 8th June 1961, the two men went out to dinner before going back to the Wimpole Mews flat. Christine Keeler made the two men coffee: "Stephen was on the couch and Wagstaffe sat on the sofa chair. He wanted to know about Stephen's friendship with Eugene. We knew that MI5 were monitoring embassy personnel so this was quite a normal interview in the circumstances." Wagstaffe asked Ward: "He's never asked you to put him in touch with anyone you know? Or for information of any kind." Ward replied: "No, he hasn't. But if he did, naturally I would get in touch with you straight away. If there's anything I can do I'd be only too pleased to."

Keith Wagstaffe reported back to MI5: "Ward asked me if it was all right for him to continue to see Ivanov. I replied that there was no reason why he should not. He then said if there was any way in which he could help he would be very ready to do so. I thanked him for his offer and asked him to get in touch with me should Ivanov at any time in the future make any propositions to him... Ward was completely open about his association with Ivanov... I do not think that he (Ward) is of security interest."

On 8th July 1961 Christine Keeler met John Profumo, the Minister of War, at a party at Cliveden. Profumo kept in contact with Keeler and they eventually began an affair. According to Keeler: "Their (Ward and Hollis) plan was simple. I was to find out, through pillow talk, from Jack Profumo when nuclear warheads were being moved to Germany." Profumo and other cabinet ministers were also attending sex parties being held by Mariella Novotny. In December 1961 Novotny held a party that became known as the "Feast of Peacocks". According to Keeler, there was "a lavish dinner in which this man wearing only... a black mask with slits for eyes and laces up the back... and a tiny apron - one like the waitresses wore in 1950s tearooms - asked to be whipped if people were not happy with his services." Although MI5 and MI6 were aware of these sex parties taking place, there is no evidence that these politicians were warned about the danger they were in.

After the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Ward told Keeler that he believed John F. Kennedy would be assassinated. He told her and Eugene Ivanov: "A man like John Kennedy will not be allowed to stay in such an important position of power in the world, I assure you of that." I will return to this issue later because evidence would emerge in 1963 that Ward was working for MI6 during this political crisis.

On 28th October, 1962, Ward introduced Christine Keeler to Michael Eddowes, a lawyer who had become a rich businessman. This included owning Bistro Vino, a chain of restaurants. (Later this lawyer was to become very involved in the cover-up of the assassination of John F. Kennedy). As Keeler later revealed: "I kept my date with Michael Eddowes but he was far too old for me. He was nearly sixty but her certainly was interested and wanted to set me up in a flat in Regent's Park."

During this period Keeler became involved with two black men, Lucky Gordon and John Edgecombe. The two men became jealous of each other and this resulted in Edgecombe slashing Gordon's face with a knife. On 14th December 1962, Edgecombe, fired a gun at Stephen Ward's Wimpole Mews flat, where Keeler had been visiting with Mandy Rice-Davies.

Two days after the shooting Keeler contacted Michael Eddowes for legal advice about the Edgecombe case. During this meeting she told Eddowes: "Stephen (Ward) asked me to ask Jack Profumo what date the Germans were to get the bomb." However, she later claimed that she knew Ward was joking when he said this. Eddowes then asked Ward about this matter. Keeler later recalled: "Stephen fed him the line he had prepared with Roger Hollis for such an eventuality: it was Eugene (Ivanov) who had asked me to find out about the bomb."

On 24th December 1962, Ward's old enemy, John Lewis, met Christine Keeler at a Christmas Party. She told him about the problems she was having with two of her former lovers, Lucky Gordon and John Edgecombe. "On the surface, the man I met at Jenny's party on Christmas Eve 1962, could not have been more helpful. I didn't know he was using me as a conduit to get to Stephen Ward. He bragged about getting hundreds of thousands of pounds in legal actions against newspapers. My legal troubles involving Johnnie and Lucky were nothing. I was so grateful when he said he would get his lawyers to help and even more pleased that he actually rang, as promised, the next day." Keeler later admitted that he was "one of the most evil men of the whole affair, the vindictive John Lewis... Stephen had played a part in his bitter divorce from his wife, Joy, and Lewis was, even years later, after him."

Lewis decided he would pass this information to George Wigg, the MP for Dudley. The first meeting took place on 2nd January 1963. Wigg was interested in the story but asked Lewis to provide him with more information. Lewis now told Keeler he was willing to pay her £30,000 if her information brought the government down. Keeler responded by telling him that "Stephen (Ward) asked me to ask Jack Profumo what date the Germans were to get the bomb." Wigg's secretary remembers, "Mr Lewis constantly rang up during the day when Mr Wigg was about his parliamentary business. I frequently got the impression he wasn't completely sober. But he was insistent." On 7th January, Lewis told Wigg the story about Ward asking her to discover classified information from Profumo.

Wigg pointed out in his autobiography: "Lewis had attended a pre-Christmas party where a Miss Christine Keeler talked excitedly about a recent shooting incident, the first of several events destined to endow her with what she appeared to crave the reputation of being the most notorious woman in London. Miss Keeler, who said she had heard a Mr Stephen Ward refer to Lewis, asked if she could telephone him and, a few days later, sought his help. She then spoke about her friendship with John Profumo, Secretary of State for War, and with the Russian Naval Attaché, Captain Eugene Ivanov. Miss Keeler alleged that Ward had asked her to obtain from Profumo information about the supply of atomic weapons to the Germans... I rejected at once the idea that Profumo personally was a security risk. I had found him politically untrustworthy but I never regarded him as a fool, and I could not be persuaded that an obviously ignorant girl would be used as a go-between. It seemed to me the man to keep an eye on was Ivanov. Lewis agreed that the matter must be handled exclusively on the issue of security. I urged him to talk to the police and, at a later stage, advised him to talk to Commander Townsend at Scotland Yard. Lewis did talk to the police but, being dissatisfied with the results, returned to me again and again."

Warwick Charlton later explained. "John Lewis was an able politician. He had held pretty high office, but because of the way he was living he had lost his seat. He was desperate to get back in. He had two motives delivered to him by Christine: one, the Russian security thing, and, two, evidence that Stephen was a ponce. He'd have his revenge, and he had little presents to give Wigg to beat the Tory Party with, and he might get back and re-establish his reputation with Labour."

On 10th March, 1963, Wigg attended a party with Harold Wilson, the leader of the Labour Party, Richard Crossman and Barbara Castle. Crossman later recalled: "When we arrived at the party George outlined the story to us and we emphatically and unanimously repudiated it. We all felt that even if it was true and Profumo was having an affair with a call girl and that some Russian diplomat had been mixed up in it, the Labour Party simply should not touch it. I remember that we all advised Harold very strongly against it and in a way rather squashed George."

George Wigg got up in the House of Commons on 21st March and asked Home Secretary Henry Brooke, during a debate on the John Vassall affair: "I rightly use the Privilege of the House of Commons - that is what it is given me for - to ask the Home Secretary who is the senior member of the Government on the Treasury Bench now, to go to the Dispatch Box - he knows that the rumour to which I refer relates to Miss Christine Keeler and Miss Davies and a shooting by a West Indian - and, on behalf of the Government, categorically deny the truth of these rumours.... It is not good for a democratic State that rumours of this kind should spread and be inflated, and go on. Everyone knows what I am referring to, but up to now nobody has brought the matter into the open. I believe that the Vassall Tribunal need never have been set up had the nettle been firmly grasped much earlier on. We have lost some time and I plead with the Home Secretary to use that Dispatch Box to clear up all the mystery and speculation over this particular case." Richard Crossman then commented that Paris Match magazine intended to publish a full account of Keeler's relationship with John Profumo, the Minister of War, in the government. Barbara Castle also asked questions if Keeler's disappearance had anything to do with Profumo.

The following day John Profumo issued a statement: "I understand that in the debate on the Consolidated Fund Bill last night, under the protection of parliamentary privilege, the Hon. Gentlemen the Members for Dudley (George Wigg) ... spoke of rumours connecting a Minister with a Miss Keeler and a recent trial at the Central Criminal Court. It was alleged that people in high places might have been responsible for concealing information concerning the disappearance of a witness and the perversion of justice. I understand that my name has been connected with the rumours about the disappearance of Miss Keeler. I would like to take this opportunity of making a personal statement about these matters. I last saw Miss Keeler in December 1961, and I have not seen her since. I have no idea where she is now. Any suggestion that I was in any way connected with or responsible for her absence from the trial at the Old Bailey is wholly and completely untrue. My wife and I first met Miss Keeler at a house party in July 1961, at Cliveden. Among a number of people there was Doctor Stephen Ward whom we already knew slightly, and a Mr Ivanov, who was an attaché at the Russian Embassy.... Between July and December, 1961, I met Miss Keeler on about half a dozen occasions at Doctor Ward's flat, when I called to see him and his friends. Miss Keeler and, I were on friendly terms. There was no impropriety whatsoever in my acquaintanceship with Miss Keeler."

Ward now decided to contact George Wigg. On the afternoon of 26th March Wigg received a phone call from Ward and a meeting was arranged for that evening. At the meeting Ward told Wigg about his relationship with Eugene Ivanov: "Ward said he first met Ivanov some time in 1961 at a Garrick Club lunch where, with a journalist specializing in Soviet affairs, they were guests of a Fleet Street editor. Ward found Ivanov a charming man. He taught him to play bridge and, soon, was seeing him two or three times a fortnight. They had fun with girls, although nothing improper ever took place, and they played bridge. They had visited only one night club, The Satyr, together, and then only for ten minutes. Ward said Ivanov never spoke critically about the British people. His one desire, which Ward shared, was to foster Anglo-Soviet friendship.... The Security Service, Ward asserted, knew all about his association with Ivanov. Representatives of the Security Service had enquired about his various meetings and Ward had promised to keep them informed and had kept that promise. He cited two occasions on which he thought friendship with Ivanov had been of value to Britain. At the time of the Berlin crisis in 1962 he, acting for Ivanov, had informed Sir Harold Caccia and other Foreign Office officials that the Soviet Union would adopt a conciliatory policy in return for Western guarantees about the integrity of the Oder-Neisse Line."

The second occasion he had provided information to the intelligence services was during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. "His second venture in Ivanov - directed diplomacy - again as a go between - occurred during the Cuban crisis. This time, according to Ward, he was the link between Ivanov as peacemaker and the British Government, represented by the Foreign Secretary, Lord Home, and the Prime Minister. Ivanov told Ward the Russians would respond to a British initiative calling a conference in London by halting the delivery of arms and stopping all shipments of war equipment to Cuba. I pressed even harder on this subject for the obvious reason that I did not believe that Ward, personally, had been in touch with the Foreign Secretary and the Prime Minister Ward became cagey again. He was not prepared to say because too many important people were involved."

However, Ward did say that he had written to Harold Wilson at the time to explain what he had been doing. "I told Harold Wilson that my visitor claimed to have written both to him and to the Prime Minister towards the end of the Cuban crisis. The letter was immediately extracted from the files and Wilson at once recalled a phrase about an approach made by Ward on behalf of Ivanov to the Foreign Office: 'I was the intermediary', Ward had written. Next day, Wilson handed Ward's letter to the Prime Minister and expressed his now acute anxiety about the implication that Ward was a contact between Ivanov and people of influence in this country."

On 27th March, 1963, Henry Brooke summoned Roger Hollis, the head of MI5, and Joseph Simpson, the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, to a meeting in his office. Philip Knightley pointed out in An Affair of State (1987): "All these people are now dead and the only account of what took place is a semi-official one leaked in 1982 by MI5. According to this account, when Brooke tackled Hollis on the rumour that MI5 had been sending anonymous letters to Mrs Profumo, Hollis vigorously denied it."

Hollis then told Brooke that Christine Keeler had been having a sexual relationship with John Profumo. At the same time Keeler was believed to be having an affair with Eugene Ivanov, a Soviet spy. According to Keeler, Stephen Ward had asked her "to find out, through pillow talk, from Jack Profumo when nuclear warheads were being moved to Germany." Hollis added that "in any court case that might be brought against Ward over the accusation all the witnesses would be completely unreliable" and therefore he rejected the idea of using the Official Secrets Act against Ward. Brooke then asked the Police Commissioner's view on this. Joseph Simpson agreed with Hollis about the unreliable witnesses but added that it might be possible to get a conviction against Ward with a charge of living off immoral earnings. However, he added, that given the evidence available, a conviction was unlikely. Despite this response, Brooke urged Simpson to carry out a full investigation into Ward's activities.

Commander Fred C. Pennington was ordered to assemble a team to investigate Ward. The team was headed by Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert and included John Burrows, Arthur Eustace and Mike Glasse. Pennington told Herbert and his colleagues: "we've received this tip-off, but there'll be nothing in it." Glasse later told Philip Knightley that he thought that this was "a hint not to try too hard."

It emerged later that Herbert installed a spy in Ward's home during the investigation. They recruited Wendy Davies, a twenty-year old barmaid at the Duke of Marlborough pub, near Ward's flat. Davies knew Ward who had sketched her several times in the past. Davies later recalled: "I went to Stephen's flat practically every night up to his arrest. Each time I tried to listen in to telephone conversations, and to what Stephen was saying to friends who called. When I got back to my flat I wrote everything down in an exercise book, and rang the police the next day. I gave them a lot of information."

Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert interviewed Christine Keeler at her home on 1st April 1963. Four days later she was taken to Marylebone Police Station. Herbert told her that the police would need a complete list of men with whom she had sex or who had given her money during the time she knew Ward. This list included the names of John Profumo, Charles Clore and Jim Eynan.

On 23rd April Mandy Rice-Davies was arrested at Heathrow Airport on the way to Spain for a holiday, and formerly charged her with "possessing a document so closely resembling a driving licence as to be calculated to deceive." The magistrate fixed bail at £2,000. She later commented that "not only did I not have that much money, but the policeman in charge made it very clear to me that I would be wasting my energy trying to rustle it up." Rice-Davies spent the next nine days in Holloway Prison.

While she was in custody Rice-Davies was visited by Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert. His first words were: "Mandy, you don't like it in here very much, do you? Then you help us, and we'll help you." Herbert made it clear that Christine Keeler was helping them into their investigation into Stephen Ward. When she provided the information required she would be released from prison. At first Rice-Davies refused to cooperate but as she later pointed out: "I was ready to kick the system any way I could. But ten days of being locked up alters the perspective. Anger was replaced by fear. I was ready to do anything to get out." Rice-Davies added: "Although I was certain nothing I could say about Stephen could damage him any way... I felt I was being coerced into something, being pointed in a predetermined direction." Herbert asked Rice-Davies for a list of men with whom she had sex or who had given her money during the time she knew Ward. This list included the names of Peter Rachman and Emil Savundra.

On 19th May, 1963, Stephan Ward wrote a letter to the Home Secretary Henry Brooke, the leader of the Labour Party, Harold Wilson, and his local M.P., William Wavell Wakefield. "I have placed before the Home Secretary certain facts of the relationship between Miss Keeler and Mr Profumo since it is obvious now that my efforts to conceal these facts in the interests of Mr Profumo and the Government have made it appear that I myself have something to hide - which I have not. The result has been that I have been persecuted in a variety of ways, causing damage not only to myself but to my friends and patients-a state of affairs which I propose to tolerate no longer."

As a result of his earlier statement the newspapers decided not to print anything about John Profumo and Christine Keeler for fear of being sued for libel. However, George Wigg refused to let the matter drop and on 25th May, 1963, once again raised the issue of Keeler, saying this was not an attack on Profumo's private life but a matter of national security. On 5th June, John Profumo resigned as War Minister. His statement said that he had lied to the House of Commons about his relationship with Christine Keeler. The next day the Daily Mirror said: "What the hell is going on in this country? All power corrupts and the Tories have been in power for nearly twelve years."

Some newspapers called for Harold Macmillan to resign as prime minister. This he refused to do but he did ask Lord Denning to investigate the security aspects of the Profumo affair. Some of the prostitutes who worked for Stephen Ward began to sell their stories to the national press. Mandy Rice-Davies told the Daily Sketch that Christine Keeler had sexual relationships with John Profumo and Eugene Ivanov, an naval attaché at the Soviet embassy.

On 7th June, Christine Keeler told the Daily Express of her secret "dates" with Profumo. She also admitted that she had been seeing Eugene Ivanov at the same time, sometimes on the same day, as Profumo. In a television interview Ward told Desmond Wilcox that he had warned the security services about Keeler's relationship with Profumo. The following day Ward was arrested and charged with living off immoral earnings between 1961 and 1963. He was initially refused bail because it was feared that he might try to influence witnesses. Another concern was that he might provide information on the case to the media.

On 14th June, the London solicitor, Michael Eddowes, claimed that Christine Keeler told him that Eugene Ivanov had asked her to get information about nuclear weapons from Profumo. Eddowes added that he had written to Harold Macmillan to ask why no action had been taken on information he had given to Special Branch about this on 29th March. Soon afterwards Keeler told the News of the World that "I'm no spy, I just couldn't ask Jack for secrets."

In a FBI classified memo dated 20th June, 1963, from Alan Belmont to Clyde Tolson referred to the concerns of Defence Secretary Robert McNamara about the John Profumo case. It stated "Mr. McNamara referred to a memorandum from the FBI dated June 14, 1963, advising that Air Force personnel may have had relationships with Christine Keeler." The next section is blacked out but it goes onto say: "McNamara said he felt like he was sitting on a bomb in this matter as he could not tell what would come out of it and he wanted to be sure that every effort was being made to get information from the British particularly as it affected U.S. personnel."

Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert also interviewed Vasco Lazzolo, who was one of Ward's friends who agreed to testify for the defence. Herbert told Lazzolo that if he was determined to give evidence on Ward's behalf, then he might have to be discredited. Herbert warned that the police might have to "find" some pornographic material in his studio and prosecute him.

Ward asked James Burge, one of his patients, to represent him when he appeared at the the Magistrate's Court. Although he was not a Q.C., Ward decided to retain him for the trial. The trial of Ward began at the Old Bailey on 22nd July 1963. Christine Keeler admitted in court that she had sex with John Profumo, Charles Clore and Jim Eynan. In all three cases the men gave her money and gifts. During cross-examination she confessed that some of this money was paid to Ward as she owed him money for rent, electricity and food while she was living at his flat.

Mandy Rice-Davies also admitted receiving money and gifts from Peter Rachman and Emil Savundra. As she was living with Ward at the time she gave him some of this money for unpaid rent. As Rice-Davies pointed out: "Much was made of the fact that I was paying him a few pounds a week whilst I was living in Wimpole Mews. But I said before and say it again - Stephen never did anything for nothing and we agreed on the rent the day I arrived. He most certainly never influenced me to sleep with anyone, nor ever asked me to do so." She added: "Stephen was never a blue-and-white diamond, but a pimp? Ridiculous.... As for Christine, she was always borrowing money (from Stephen Ward)."

Ronna Ricardo had said that she had sex for money and then gave it to Ward at a preliminary hearing. However, she retracted this information at the trial and claimed that Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert had forced the statement from her by threats against the Ricardo family. According to Philip Knightley: "Ricardo said that Herbert told her that if she did not agree to help them then the police would take action against her family. Her younger sister, on probation and living with her, would be taken into care. They might even make application to take her baby away from her because she had been an unfit mother."

At the trial Vickie Barrett claimed that Ward had picked her up in Oxford Street and had taken her home to have sex with his friends. Barrett was unable to name any of these men. She added that Ward was paid by these friends and he kept some of the money for her in a little drawer. Ward admitted knowing Barrett and having sex with her. However, he denied arranging for her to have sex with other men or taking money from her. Sylvia Parker, who had been staying at Ward's flat at the time Barrett claimed she was brought there to have sex with other men. She called Barrett's statements "untrue, a complete load of rubbish".

Christine Keeler claims that she had never seen Barrett before: "She (Barrett) described Stephen handing out horsewhips, canes, contraceptives and coffee and how, having collected her weapons, she had treated the waiting clients. It sounded, and was, nonsense. I had lived with Stephen and never seen any evidence of anything like that." Mandy Rice-Davies agreed with Keeler: "Much of what she (Barrett) said was discredited. It was obvious to anyone that Stephen, with the police breathing down his neck and the press on his doorstep, would hardly have the opportunity or the inclination for this sort of thing."

Ludovic Kennedy, the author of The Trial of Stephen Ward (1964) has argued that James Burge was unable to compete with the prosecuting counsel Mervyn Griffith-Jones: "In short, Mr. Burge was a very nice man; indeed, as the trial went on, I began to think that alongside Mr. Griffith-Jones, he was almost too nice a man. He was a civilised being, a person of wit and humour. I had been told by one of his colleagues that he was one of the few men at the Bar who could laugh a case out of court. The atmosphere here, as I think he realised, was not conducive to this sort of approach, but I was told he had tried it once or twice at the Magistrate's Court with some success. In addition to his quip about Mr. Griffith-Jones making a honeymoon sound obscene, he had also said that he had no objection to some of Mr Griffith-Jones's leading questions, as they were not leading very far. Mr. Griffith-Jones himself would have been incapable of either of these two remarks. But equally Mr. Burge could not match Mr. Griffith-Jones's cold relentless plodding, his battering away at the walls until, by sheer persistence, they began to crack. It was this, in the last analysis, that made one admire Mr. Griffith-Jones as much as one deplored him. Because his own attitude to the case was committed, one became committed in one's attitude towards him. It was this outward lack of commitment, not in matter but in manner, that at times led one to feel that Mr. Burge was doing himself literally less than justice. They say that the days of the committed lawyer are over: yet one would have liked to see Ward's defence accompanied by some passion, with his counsel as contemptuous of the charges laid against him as the prosecution were contemptuous of Ward himself. As it was, while I had no doubts which of the two counsel was the more intelligent, urbane and congenial, equally I had no doubts, where the jury was concerned, which was the more effective advocate."

In his cross-examination of Stephan Ward, Burge asked him about his annual income. Ward replied that he was earning about £4,000 from his practice and another £1,500 or so from his drawings - a total of between £5,000 and £6,000 a year. Burge then asked: "If the prosecution's picture of a man procuring, and the picture of people in high places and very wealthy men was true, would you have needed to carry on your practice and work as an osteopath?" Ward replied: "If that were true, evidently not."

Philip Knightley, the author of An Affair of State (1987) pointed out: "That ended the prosecution case. How strong was it? Griffith-Jones had succeeded in establishing that Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies took money for sex. He had shown that both girls gave money to Ward. Even though, given that in law the dividing line between living with a prostitute and living on a prostitute is very thin, the prosecution's weak point was that both girls owed Ward - one way or another - far more money than they ever paid him."

Ward told his defence counsel, James Burge: "One of my great perils is that at least half a dozen of the (witnesses) are lying and their motives vary from malice to cupidity and fear... In the case of both Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies there is absolutely no doubt that they are committed to stories which are already sold or could be sold to newspapers and that my conviction would free these newspapers to print stories which they would otherwise be quite unable to print (for libel reasons)."

Stephen Ward was very upset by the judge's summing-up that included the following: "If Stephen Ward was telling the truth in the witness box, there are in this city many witnesses of high estate and low who could have come and testified in support of his evidence." Several people present in the court claimed that Judge Archie Pellow Marshall was clearly biased against Ward. France Soir reported: "However impartial he tried to appear, Judge Marshall was betrayed by his voice."

After the day's court proceedings, Ward contacted Tom Critchley, a Home Office official working with Lord Denning on the official investigation. Later, Critchley refused to comment what was said in that telephone conversation. That night Ward met the journalist Tom Mangold: "Stephen was very relaxed... He wasn't walking around in a froth. He was very calm and collected, just writing his letters and putting them in envelopes. I wanted to pretend that I hadn't seen what I'd seen. My excuse, which was not a good excuse, was that I was on a yellow card from my wife. I reckoned I could risk being home two hours late. But I knew the marriage wouldn't survive if I showed up any later. So all I did was to bleat at Stephen not to do anything foolish."

After Mangold left Ward wrote to his friend, Noel Howard-Jones: "It is really more than I can stand - the horror, day after day at the court and in the streets. It is not only fear, it is a wish not to let them get me. I would rather get myself. I do hope I have not let people down too much. I tried to do my stuff but after Marshall's summing-up, I've given up all hope." Ward then took an overdose of sleeping tablets. He was in a coma when the jury reached their verdict of guilty of the charge of living on the immoral earnings of Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies on Wednesday 31st July. Three days later, Ward died in St Stephen's Hospital. According to Warwick Charlton, Ward's old enemy, John Lewis, was delighted at the news of his death: "He was celebrating. He made no bones about it."

Ward's defence team found a letter that he had written to Vickie Barrett: "I don't know what it was or who it was that made you do what you did. But if you have any decency left, you should tell the truth like Ronna Riccardo. You owe this not to me, but to everyone who may be treated like you or like me in the future." The letter was passed to Barry O'Brien, a journalist who worked for the Daily Telegraph. He gave the letter to Barrett. He later reported she read the note and began to cry. "It was all lies but I never thought he would die." Barrett said she had been coerced into giving her evidence by the police and agreed to go to see Ward's solicitor, then went to another room to get her coat. According to O'Brien, an older women came out, and said: "Miss Barrett was not going anywhere." Barrett later retracted her retraction.

In his book, The Trial of Stephen Ward (1964), Ludovic Kennedy considers the guilty verdict of Ward to be a miscarriage of justice. In An Affair of State (1987), the journalist, Philip Knightley argues: "Witnesses were pressured by the police into giving false evidence. Those who had anything favourable to say were silenced. And when it looked as though Ward might still survive, the Lord Chief Justice shocked the legal profession with an unprecedented intervention to ensure Ward would be found guilty."

The entertainer Michael Bentine, who worked as an intelligence officer for MI9 under Airey Neave during the Second World War and had known Ward for sometime, kept up his contacts after the war, later commented: "A Special Branch friend of mine told me Ward was assisted in his dying. I think he was murdered." Paul Mann, a close friend of Stephen Ward, says he was told shortly after his death, that "Ward was injected with an air bubble, by hypodermic, with the intention of causing a fatal embolism. The needle broke, and the assassins left in a hurry. It was enough, though, to send the drugged Ward on his way. It was a botched affair."

Chief Inspector Samuel Herbert died of a heart attack on 16th April 1966 at the age of 48. In his will he left only £300, which was commensurate with the police salaries at that time. However, after his death his bank account was discovered to contain no less than £30,000 (660,000 by today's values). According to Philip Knightley: "By coincidence, in the tape recordings which Christine Keeler made with her manager, Robin Drury, Keeler says that John Lewis, Ward's bitter enemy, had offered her £30,000 for information leading to Ward's conviction and the bringing down of the Conservative Government."

In 1987 Anthony Summers and Stephen Dorril published their book on the Stephen Ward case, Honeytrap. During their research they managed to speak to several members of MI5, including Keith Wagstaffe, Wards case-officer. The book confirms that Ward had been involved in an operation that was attempting to persuade Eugene Ivanov to become a double-agent.

As a result of the book being published the authors were contacted by a former MI6 officer who claimed that Ward was murdered by a contract agent called Stanley Rytter, whose cover was as a freelance journalist and photographer. Rytter had died in 1984 but Summers and Dorril investigate the allegation and got the story confirmed by one of his associates, Serge Paplinski.

The intelligence officer then went on to say: "It was decided that Ward had to die.... He admitted (Rytter) that Ward was killed on the instructions of his department. He convinced Ward that he ought to have a good night's sleep and take some sleeping pills. The agent said he let Ward doze off and then woke him again and told him to take his tablets. Another half an hour later or two, he woke Ward again, and told him he'd forgotten to take his sleeping pills. So it went on - till Ward had overdosed. It might sound far-fetched, but it's the easiest thing in the world to do. Once the victim is drowsy he will agree to almost anything."

Robert Howard · December 18, 2013

I would say the following is required reading....Even though it isn't going to blow any doors off.

Still, I'm sure the fact that Lady Jean Campbell is featured in Warren Commission documents and her

marriage to the author of Oswald's Ghost "I did it for the money," Mailer, might be a jolt to some.

Lady Jeanne Campbell — obituary
The Telegraph 09/23/2007
Lady Jeanne Campbell , who has died aged 78, was a journalist who reported for the Evening Standard from New York for many years; she was also the former wife of Norman Mailer, the daughter of the reprobate 11th Duke of Argyll and the favourite granddaughter of Lord Beaverbrook.
As a journalist she covered the funeral of John F Kennedy in 1963, observing memorably that Jackie Kennedy had “given the American people from this day on the one thing they always lacked — majesty”.
Lady Jeanne was wild. So numerous were her love affairs that James C Humes (a speechwriter for many American presidents) claimed in his memoirs, Confessions of a White House Ghostwriter, that she was the only woman to have known “Biblically” Presidents Khrushchev, Kennedy and Castro — and all, he claimed, within the space of a year. Humes suggested that Kennedy went through his paces at her Georgetown house in October 1963; Khruschev at his dacha in April 1964; and Castro in Havana the following May.
Jeanne Louise Campbell (sometimes known as Jean or Jeanie) was the daughter of Ian Campbell, the handsome playboy who was heir to Niall, the bachelor 10th Duke of Argyll, his eccentric first cousin once removed. Her mother was Janet Aitken, daughter of the proprietor of the Daily Express.
Jeanne’s parents had met at a casino in Le Touquet, when Janet was 17 and Ian 24. Janet later recalled that her husband had been “long on charm but short on judgment at the gaming tables”. They married in December 1927, but the union got off to an unpropitious start when the groom — intending to instruct his bride in her marital duties — took her to watch a display of graphic lovemaking in a brothel. He was soon selling his bride’s jewels to pay his gambling debts.
Jeanne was born on December 10 1928, and as her mother was recovering from serious haemorrhaging (from which she almost died) her husband again demanded her jewels; when she refused, he seized a shotgun and threatened to shoot himself. After hearing two shots outside the house Janet capitulated.
The following summer the young couple went to live at Auribeau in the South of France; but the casino soon beckoned, as did an American girl called “Oui Oui” Clews (later Ian’s second wife — his third was the famous Margaret, Duchess of Argyll). Janet decided to leave, and with the help of her father she escaped and made Jeanne a ward of court. Janet was a difficult mother, a heavy drinker. When Jeanne was about four, Lord Beaverbrook asked her: “What shall I do about your mother?”; the child replied: “Cut off all her money, grandpa.”
Between 1935 and 1940 Janet was married to Drogo Montagu, second son of the 9th Earl of Sandwich, but they had separated by the time he was killed on active service at the beginning of the war. Jeanne’s mother married for a third time in 1942, and after the war took her younger children to Canada, leaving behind Jeanne and her half-brother, William Montagu. Relations with her mother became increasingly stormy as she grew up; it was later suggested that she had been damaged by her mother’s casual attitude.
After the war Jeanne trained as an actress, even joining the Old Vic, before going down with pneumonia. In 1949 she went to live with Beaverbrook, and travelled with him to the Far East, Europe, Barbados and the United States.
While she remained close to her grandfather, particularly in his old age, he frequently berated her for her wilful and extravagant behaviour, once pointing to a maid on her hands and knees and saying that Jeanne should emulate her — “a real woman”. Jeanne was unconvinced: “[My grandfather’s] great flaw was his inability to treat his women with dignity. Slowly he would turn on them and devastate them. He made them feel they had no right to exist.” She attributed this characteristic to his Presbyterian background; whenever he had acquired a mistress, he felt guilty about her, and thus began treating her badly. When Beaverbrook died he left Jeanne the income from a $500,000 trust. Jeanne grew up rather “fresh”, in the words of one of her passing admirers, Claus von Bulow. In 1953 it appeared that she might be about to marry William Ropner, a scion of the British shipbuilding clan, but instead she outraged her grandfather by succumbing to the charms of Sir Oswald Mosley, the former Blackshirt leader and a well-practised seducer.
By this time Jeanne was tall, vivacious, somewhat buxom and possessed of sparkling eyes. Mosley pursued her partly because he saw her as a conduit to Beaverbrook and hoped for favourable publicity for his Union Movement. The old man was not taken in, however, and the couple met clandestinely in a series of London flats. In the end Beaverbrook threatened to cut her off if she stayed with Mosley, and in 1956 he dispatched her to New York to write for the Evening Standard.
In one of her early reports Jeanne wrote a critical review of the CIA, causing Beaverbrook to warn her to be careful what she said about the secret service of the country in which she was living. He further advised her: “Emphasise human interest. Put the best strawberry on top of the basket. Write short sentences. Cut, cut, cut. Always interview people face to face. Never rewrite from another newspaper. Keep widening your circle of acquaintances — even if it means accepting the invitations of bores. Use your feet.”
Jeanne’s vocabulary was not extensive. When she was to visit the oil baron J Paul Getty, Beaverbrook warned he was “rather priapic”. She did not understand, and he explained “ever ready”.
As a friend of Randolph Churchill, Jeanne annoyed him by dining in his rooms at the Hyde Park Hotel in a sumptuous red velvet dress on a night when Sir Winston was expected to die. She spent the night on a sofa and was smuggled out of the hotel the next morning wearing some of Randolph’s clothes. When Randolph wrote volume one of his biography of Sir Winston, she judged it “a solid body of work which no critic or historian can question as an eminent and scholarly contribution to the history of mankind”.
Between 1959 and 1961 Jeanne had an intense affair with Henry Luce II, founder and owner of Time-Life Inc, and the husband of the redoubtable Clare Booth Luce. Jeanne had met him on holiday with Beaverbrook, at a time when she was working as a researcher at Time. He secured her a job at Life magazine, and came close to leaving his wife for her.
In the spring of 1961 Jeanne met Norman Mailer, and soon became pregnant by him. The affair with Luce ended and she returned to the Evening Standard. When, some years later, Gore Vidal asked her what had attracted her to Mailer she replied: “I had never gone to bed with a Jew before.” Mailer, meanwhile, liked to go to bed with women who had slept with famous men. His second wife had been bedded by Jack Kerouac, his fourth by Miles Davis; his biographer, Mary Dearborn, suggested that this was “a homoerotic thing”.
Beaverbrook, who never took to Mailer, advised her to have his child but abstain from marrying him. Instead she did both, marrying the writer in 1962 and giving birth to her daughter, Kate, now an actress, the same year. After a short, tempestuous marriage, which ended with Mailer’s infidelity, she left him, and they were divorced in Mexico in 1963. He rewarded her by depicting her as the bitch in his novel An American Dream. He later described her as “a dear pudding of a lady” and “a remarkable girl, almost as interesting, complex and Machiavellian” as himself.
Following the assassination of Kennedy in 1963 Jeanne was one of a group that included Jones Harris and Tom Bethell that investigated various conspiracy theories. She was experienced at sleuthing, having stitched up her despised stepmother, Margaret Argyll, in 1959. At the height of her father’s divorce proceedings, he (by now the 11th Duke of Argyll) and Jeanne (dressed in trousers and headscarf) entered Margaret’s London house by stealth and proceeded to remove all her four-year diaries from the drawing room.
When they entered her bedroom the Duchess attempted to call the police, but the Duke pinioned her arms while Jeanne snatched the current volume. Soon afterwards the Duchess sued Jeanne for trespass and theft and Jeanne settled out of court.
In 1964 Jeanne met the Beatles at the British Embassy in Washington and put her arm round Paul McCartney. “Which one are you?” she asked. “Roger McClusky the Fifth,” he answered, extricating himself from her grip.
Jeanne’s second husband, whom she married in 1964, was John Sergeant Cram, a gentleman farmer and a great-great-grandson of the railway baron Jay Gould. They lived in New York and at Foot Point Plantation, Bluffton, South Carolina. Jeanne had a second daughter (possibly by a man called Guy Nicholas Lancaster), Cusi Cram, who became an actress and playwright.
It was said that Jeanne received a large advance on her memoirs but blew it on a villa in Greece without ever writing the book. Latterly she lived in a tiny walk-up flat in Greenwich Village, New York, and slept in her last surviving treasure — Napoleon’s campaign bed.

END

Methinks Norman and Lady Campbell deserved each other.

Regarding the Cram surname and Cleveland Cram.....

Bluffton Today (SC) - October 29, 2007
Deceased Name: JOHN SERGEANT CRAM III 1932 - 2007
John Sergeant Cram III died after a brief illness at his residence in Bluffton on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2007. He was 75 years old.
He was born in New York on May 30, 1932, the son of Edith Kingdon Drexel Cram and Henry (Harry) Sergeant Cram. He was educated first as the only white child at the school run by his mother at Foot Point Plantation, his father's property in Bluffton. He later attended Browning School in New York and graduated summa cum laude from St. Paul's School in Concord, N.H. He attended Princeton University for a couple of years before inheriting money from his late mother's estate and deciding to become a bon vivant, living and partying at various times in New York, Jamaica, London and Savannah before returning to Bluffton.
His playboy lifestyle came to an end in August 1970, when he was hit in the head by a brickbat as he was driven through Fairfield Square on Hilton Head Island. From that time on, he was dependent on others and led a more tranquil life.
He was married first to Sally Stokes, currently Mrs. Wynn Chamberlain of Marrakech, in 1960. They later divorced.
In 1967, he married Lady Jeanne Louise Campbell. They later divorced and she died earlier this year in New York. They were later divorced.
He is survived by his stepsister, Helen Stanislawski of Bluffton; a stepbrother, Billy Guest, of Atlanta; a half-sister Clare Cram Vidich, of Connecticut; half-brothers Peter Cram and Hank Cram, both of Bluffton; and their spouses, nieces and nephews.
There will be a memorial service at 3 p.m. today at The Church of the Cross, 110 Calhoun St., Bluffton.
Memorials may be sent to Alzheimer's Respite & Resource, 300 Meeting St., Hilton Head Island, SC 29926; The Bluffton Cemetery Fund, P.O. Box 84, Bluffton, SC 29910; or Hospice of the Low Country, P.O. Box 24158, Hilton Head Island, SC 29925-4158.
Sauls Funeral Home of Bluffton is assisting with arrangements.
END
Also see A History of Clan Campbell From the Restoration to the Present Day Vol. 3

Robert

Edited December 19, 2013 by Robert Howard

John Simkin · December 19, 2013

I would say the following is required reading....Even though it isn't going to blow any doors off.

Still, I'm sure the fact that Lady Jean Campbell is featured in Warren Commission documents and her

marriage to the author of Oswald's Ghost "I did it for the money," Mailer, might be a jolt to some.

Lady Jeanne Campbell — obituary

The Telegraph 09/23/2007

In one of her early reports Jeanne wrote a critical review of the CIA, causing Beaverbrook to warn her to be careful what she said about the secret service of the country in which she was living. He further advised her: “Emphasise human interest. Put the best strawberry on top of the basket. Write short sentences. Cut, cut, cut. Always interview people face to face. Never rewrite from another newspaper. Keep widening your circle of acquaintances — even if it means accepting the invitations of bores. Use your feet.”

.... Following the assassination of Kennedy in 1963 Jeanne was one of a group that included Jones Harris and Tom Bethell that investigated various conspiracy theories.

Tom Bethell was of course involved in the Jim Garrison investigation.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Bethell

John Simkin · December 19, 2013

The MI5 officer who told Anthony Summers the story about Stephen Ward's murder has been named today as Lee Tracey.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10488686/The-Profumo-Affair-It-was-decided-that-Stephen-Ward-had-to-die.html

Richard Hocking · December 19, 2013

"... After the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Ward told Keeler that he believed John F. Kennedy would be assassinated. He told her and Eugene Ivanov: "A man like John Kennedy will not be allowed to stay in such an important position of power in the world, I assure you of that." I will return to this issue later because evidence would emerge in 1963 that Ward was working for MI6 during this political crisis."

John, do you believe MI6 was aware of an assassination plot as early as October of 1962, or that this was more of a "hunch" of Ward's?

John Simkin · December 20, 2013

"... After the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Ward told Keeler that he believed John F. Kennedy would be assassinated. He told her and Eugene Ivanov: "A man like John Kennedy will not be allowed to stay in such an important position of power in the world, I assure you of that." I will return to this issue later because evidence would emerge in 1963 that Ward was working for MI6 during this political crisis."

John, do you believe MI6 was aware of an assassination plot as early as October of 1962, or that this was more of a "hunch" of Ward's?

There was a lot of contact between the two intelligence agencies. For example, in 1962, James Angleton had a meeting with Peter Wright about the British supplying men to kill Castro. I am sure things would have said about the possible threats to JFK. It is alsao possible it got this from Ivanov who was a KGB agent.

John Simkin · December 20, 2013

I find it interesting that in the UK we can talk about the murder of Stephen Ward without attracting the spokesman of the intelligence services. This is very different when you write about the involvement of the CIA and FBI in the death of JFK.

David Andrews · December 21, 2013

Mr. Simkin, thank you for this thread, which I have only just now had time to concentrate on. Thank you also for reopening the JFK Assassination Debate. Wishing you happy holidays.

Edited December 21, 2013 by David Andrews

Robert Howard · December 27, 2013

There is only one other person I can think of who would be a

part of the "dramatis personae," his connection is mentioned

in some obscure WC document; HIs name was Roel Everhard

Wolfgang, he was in Germany and he had sent letters to, get this,

Profumo and Marie Tippit, the letters were extortion attempts,

pure and simple, the investigation ostensibly revealed he was

a well known nut case.

I always wanted to dig deeper, but was never able to

learn more about him.

My main suspicion, was simply that there was no

shortage of nut cases in the Warren Commission

documents and some of them were anything but,

such as Eugene Dinkin & others.

Robert Howard · January 4, 2014

CD 1396
Marie Francis Gassway Tippit recieved an extortion note from Germany implying that J D Tippit was part of the conspiracy two pages later the document states that Pansy [Patsy?] Anglin of 320 Glencairn is helping “handle the extortion” attempt
See
http://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?docId=11791&relPageId=121
The person behind the extortion attempt allegedly was Alvin Edgar Philip Wolfgang aka D. Evershire of Amsterdam letter of confirmation to be sent to Charles Rozenblad, Admiralengracht 142. 1 The Netherlands, Amsterdam
Wim M Rehorst Directie Politie advised orally on Feb 7, 1964, that Evershire is known to this agency and is reputed to be insane. He said Evershire had recently sent a similar extortion letter to the industrialist Krupp, when confronted by authorities he admitted writing the letter Rozenblad was his half-brother, he had also sent extortion letters to Mrs Profumo re Christine Keeler and another to an “old lady singer in Italy.” He was being treated as mentally ill rather than as a criminal.

There is, in the book [True Crime GANGSTERS - Outside the Law - Igloo Books Ltd.2010] a photo of RONNIE Kray with Christine Keeler, page 123 as well as in the link below
see
http://bernardomahoney.com/e10/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.4148
“...the brothers fraternized with celebrities including Judy Garland and Mafia-connected singer Frank Sinatra. The Sunday Mirror settled out-of-court on libel charges, after hinting that Ron had enjoyed a homosexual affiar with Lord Boothby, a conservative MP, and Scotland Yard received orders to bury that case.”
from p. 122 GANGSTERS

Also see article at Mary Ferrell, regarding Clay Shaw an "un-named member of Parliament."

https://www.maryferrell.org/mffweb/archive/viewer/showDoc.do?docId=62498&relPageId=35

Edited January 4, 2014 by Robert Howard

Robert Howard · January 23, 2014

It was entirely by chance, but I discovered that in Peter Dale Scott's - Deep Politics & The Death of JFK, pps. 367-68

footnote to section from page 230 HOOVER, BOBBY BAKERAND THE ELLEN ROMETSCH STORY, he elaborated

on the similarity between the former and the Profumo Scandal.

Below is the footnote in its entirety.

Some miscellaneous speculations: Owen, it will be recalled, was with Ruby's stripper friend Candy Barr in 1957,

just before she was arrested. Both Lester May, her attorney in that case and his brother-in-law Gordon McLendon

(whom Ruby listed as one of his six closest friends 20 WH 39) were busy in 1971 in the mob effort to secure the

release of Jimmy Hoffa (Sheridan, Hoffa 503-04; Moldea, Hoffa Wars, 280). So was Carlos Marcello associate

D'Alton Smith, brother-in-law of Nofio Pecora, the head of Marcello's call-girl operations whom Ruby phoned in

October 1963. In 1970 Smith would be indicted as part of a securities-fraud network, along with Charles Tourine,

Ruby's friend Maurice "Frenchy" Medelvine, Mike McLaney and Sam Benton of the McLaney arms cache on

Lake Ponchartrain (Scott, Crime & Cover-up, 46). Bobby Baker was approached about the million-dollar bail-out

of Hoffa as well (Baker Wheeling and Dealing, 17).

Bedford Wynne entertained his girls, and his friend George Owen, at his home in the Maple Terrace Apartments.

This was also the womanizing friend George DeMohrenschildt (WCD 7:135), and at one time of Ruby's friend

Lewis McWillie (WCD 84.86). Could Ruby and McWillie have moved in such "higher" circles by their ability to

supply women, drugs and gambling? McWillie told the House Committee that he ran "stag parties" at the

Cipango Club for Dallas gamblers Ivy Miller, and Earl Dalton, although he explained that the stag parties

featured dice games at which "they let their wives come too" (5 AH 66). Jim Marrs writes that the Four

Deuces in Fort Worth, which McWillie managed for the "gentleman gambler" W. C. Kirkwood was "in

an area noted for its taverns and its prostitution. It was here, under the protective eye of off-duty policemen,

that men like H. L. Hunt, Clint Murchison (sic) and others joined [speaker] Sam Rayburn and his protege

[Lyndon] Johnson for hours of Kirkwood-provided hospitality." (Marrs, 292) One last detail to support the

Washington policeman's theory that the mob, and more specifically, Nesline, has been behind sexual

corruption in high places for a long time. Mandy Rice-Davies, the number-two woman in the Ward-Keeler

sex ring that compromised both Profumo and Kennedy, established mob contacts when she moved to Israel.

There she met Herbert Itkin, the mob-FBI-CIA double agent who had testified in the Teamster kickback trial,

where his CIA control Mario Brod had testified successfully for the defense.

Had she known the mob before the Profumo story broke? At least one of Ward's women, Mariella Novotny,

(who had slept with Kennedy), had worked in London strip joints like the Club Pigalle and the Black Sheep

(Summers and Dorrill, Honeytrap, 96). Meyer Lansky and Dino Cellini also had interests in London clubs,

which may explain why Lansky and Nesline were spotted there in 1962.

It is safe to say that the mob was involved in the post-assassination cover-up, beginning with Ruby's murder

of Oswald in the Dallas police basement. But it is clear that many of those involved in the pre-assassination

sexual intrigues, including Rosselli, Guy Richards, Michael Eddowes and, above all, Bedford Wynne, were

involved in the post-assassination story as well.

Douglas Caddy · January 25, 2014

Prince Philip and a delicate question: Why HAS 'sensational' Profumo file been buried for another 30 years?

More than 50 years after the scandal, there is clamour to release a file
Andrew Lloyd Webber, who wrote a musical on the affair, leads the cries
Mandy Rice-Davies, who was involved in the scandal, also agrees
In the absence of evidence, some linked Prince Philip to Profumo Affair

By Geoffrey Levy

PUBLISHED: 19:31 EST, 24 January 2014 | UPDATED: 19:31 EST, 24 January 2014

Daily Mail

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2545656/Prince-Philip-delicate-question-Why-HAS-sensational-Profumo-file-buried-30-years.html

Doesn’t it seem strange that more than 50 years after the Profumo affair was combed through in all its inglorious detail - Old Bailey trial, Parliament, official inquiry - successive governments have continued to protect certain people’s involvement in the sexual shenanigans from exposure by keeping a secret file under lock and key?

After all, none of the public figures involved were young. All are now either dead or, surely, too old to care. Besides, don’t old roués rather enjoy being reminded of youthful misadventures?

John ‘Jack’ Profumo would be nearing his century now if he hadn’t passed on in 2006; ditto most of the others.

He was 48 and Tory Secretary of State for War when the episode’s pivotal figure, society osteopath Stephen Ward, introduced him to the lissom 19-year-old showgirl and model Christine Keeler, whom he was soon bedding.

Just two weeks ago in the Mail, Samantha Cameron’s stepfather Viscount Astor gave an entertaining and affectionate account of the role his late father, the 3rd Viscount, played in the saga, which began in the summer of 1961 when Profumo was visiting the Astor family seat, Cliveden in Berkshire, and saw Keeler in the swimming pool.

Keeler was staying with Ward, who had the use of a cottage on the estate where he also entertained Soviet Naval attaché Yevgeny Ivanov. Ivanov slept with Keeler, too, probably only once - although it was enough to force Profumo’s resignation.

The fear was that, at the height of the Cold War, careless pillow-talk by the War Minister about nuclear secrets could have been passed by Keeler to the sociable Russian diplomat.

In his article, Lord Astor recorded that at the first night of Andrew Lloyd Webber’s new West End musical Stephen Ward, he’d met the other key femme fatale in the story, Mandy Rice-Davies - now a businessman’s wife, Mrs Shauli, 69 - who was Keeler’s friend and said at the time that she’d slept with his father.

He liked her and, for her part, she tells me that she liked him - ‘he’s rather like his father’.

Astor even enjoyed repeating her famous riposte under cross-examination in court when Ward was on trial for living off immoral earnings and she was told that Lord Astor denied sleeping with her. ‘He would, wouldn’t he?’ she said.

It was all so long ago that there is no longer rancour or blame, merely a sense of detached amusement derived from looking back at earth-shattering events from another age. Even the pillow-talk scare about nuclear secrets has been totally discounted.

So who on earth, blessed with such longevity, still needs to be protected, and why?

Last year was the 50th anniversary of Ward’s conviction after a sensational trial lasting seven days.

Correctly anticipating he would be found guilty of living off ‘immoral earnings’ - or profits from supplying prostitutes - and rather than face prison, the personable osteopath with connections right up the social scale committed suicide, taking an overdose of sleeping tablets the night before the jury brought in their verdict. He died several days later.

The anniversary, plus Lloyd Webber’s new West End musical, which conveys the message that Ward was the victim of a miscarriage of justice, has produced a clamour for all the Profumo Affair papers now to be opened for public inspection, on the grounds that he was wrongly, and perhaps even maliciously, convicted.

The belief is he was set up by an Establishment whose former useful friend had become a problem.

For reasons unknown, this clamour is being firmly resisted. Questions in the House of Lords have repeatedly evinced solemn stone-walling by government ministers.

Lord Wallace of Saltaire, Cabinet Office spokesman in the Lords, talked recently of ‘sensational personal items that would be embarrassing if released’.

Sensational? It’s hardly a word in common usage in the Upper Chamber. Indeed, one answer to a questioning peer puzzled by such secrecy after more than half a century suggested the material might have to remain closed for the lives of the children of whoever is named in the file.

That’s some secret.

There are six Profumo Affair files in the National Archives at Kew, in South-West London, but only five of them are open for public inspection.

The bulging sixth, file 1/4140, containing the highly-sensitive information, is closed and will remain so until at least the year 2046.

Among the papers it contains are believed to be court documents from the Old Bailey, including certain depositions and witness statements that are likely to include information about people whose names were not brought up publicly during the trial.

Andrew Lloyd Webber believes the contents of the file are ‘explosive’. Why is he so certain?

‘I can only say my source is totally reliable - it couldn’t be more reliable,’ says the composer peer. ‘Of course, the person in question has not released any details to me, but is at a very high level indeed.’

Last summer in the Upper House, Lord Lloyd-Webber - made a Conseravtive peer in 1997 - rose on the red benches to declare: ‘What concerns me is the fact that these files will be closed for a staggering 83 years (and) this gives rise to an awful lot of unhealthy speculation about who might be the individuals named within the files.’

Only last week in Westminster, Business Minister Lord Ahmad refused requests for the secret file to be released, saying it contained sensitive information related to people still living.

Says Lloyd Webber: ‘We could speculate for ever about who and what is in this file, but that is so dangerous. Goodness knows where it could lead.

‘The problem is it makes everyone wonder who on Earth it could be who needs that level of protection for that length of time. I can’t believe that if I’d been involved, someone like me would receive protection like this.’

One name this unhealthy speculation has inevitably - and quite unfairly - thrown up in high places is Prince Philip, who will be 93 in June.

‘That’s precisely what I mean about the dangers of having to speculate when everyone is so fed up with secrecy,’ says Lord Lloyd-Webber.

So could Prince Philip really be mentioned in the secret files? ‘All we know is that Ward and Prince Philip knew each other because he sketched Philip several times,’ says Lord Lloyd-Webber.

‘The other interesting thing is why someone arrived and bought for cash all the Ward pictures of the Royal Family at an exhibition that took place before the trial. No one knows who it was, but the pictures have never been seen since.’

Ward was an enthusiastic and very skilled artist. He knew several members of the Royal Family, including Princess Margaret (who liked racy company), and also did drawings of the Duke and Duchess of Kent and the Earl of Snowdon.

The extent of Prince Philip’s acquaintance with Ward, who was habitually in the company of pretty women, has never been explored, but there is no evidence it was deep.

They did have a close mutual friend, however. This was Philip’s first cousin and close confidant, the louche-living David Mountbatten, 3rd Marquis of Milford Haven.

Mountbatten, who was Philip’s best man when he married the then Princess Elizabeth at Westminster Abbey in 1947, was a prominent figure on the London social scene during the Fifties and Sixties, a regular at high-spirited parties and a familiar figure in the company of Stephen Ward, with whom he shared an interest in pornography.

Unsurprisingly, his closeness to the Queen’s handsome young husband, an ex-naval officer, caused considerable indigestion at the Palace.

Twice-married Milford Haven, also a wartime naval officer and decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross, was known to host parties for discreet chums at his flat in Grosvenor Square at which the evening would begin with cards, followed by the arrival of women.

Ward was often among the guests and sometimes brought some of the women. When Milford Haven died from a heart attack in 1970, he was just 50.

Friends of the Royal Family are understandably outraged that Prince Philip’s name should be mentioned as being even possibly linked with such goings on without a shred of evidence.

‘It’s quite wicked,’ says a former Palace aide, ‘and probably the best possible argument for those damned secret files being opened so we can see who really is being protected.’

Crucially, Lloyd Webber has been joined in the battle by the human rights QC Geoffrey Robertson, who is determined to get Ward’s 1963 conviction overturned.

Last year, after discussing the case with Lloyd Webber, he decided to look into it and ended up writing a book, Stephen Ward Was Innocent, OK.

Published last month, a copy has been handed to the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) as evidence in preparation for an appeal against Ward’s conviction. But this is only a start.

‘I also applied under the Freedom of Information Act for the secret file, which I believe contains court documents and the transcript of the case, which amazingly is “missing”. I’m certain the full transcript would help prove that Stephen Ward was not guilty,’ says Robertson.

‘I got a letter back rejecting the application on the grounds that there may well be embarrassing details about people who are still alive in the file and to release them would be contrary to the Data Protection Act - a classic example of the Act brought in to protect people being misused yet again to suppress important information.’

He has asked for this decision to be reviewed, saying the Data Protection Act was not meant to be used for this kind of cover up.

Perhaps the CCRC, an autonomous body funded by the Ministry of Justice, can help. ‘We’ve received the application and are considering it,’ says spokesman Justin Hawkins.

But what of secret file 1/4140? ‘We do have investigative powers under Section 17 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995 which allow us any material we think we need in the course of the review of a case,’ Hawkins declares meaningfully.

Meanwhile, Mandy Rice-Davies, a mere 18 at the time of Ward’s trial, and these days still as spicy as ever, has also joined the fight. ‘Christine and I were never prostitutes, so it really was terrible what they did to Stephen,’ she says.

‘He was immoral, but he wasn’t living off immoral earnings - he often gave us money.’

But she says: ‘I think I may have an idea why there is such resistance to opening up all the papers. There’s someone rather special, someone above the aristocrats who I think might be mentioned in at least one of the witness statements. His name was certainly mentioned to me in Stephen’s flat one afternoon.

‘I’m not saying that this person was at an orgy or anything like that. But I’m pretty sure he would have been mentioned in a statement to the police, and so it must be in the secret file, written down somewhere, mustn’t it?’

Under the Freedom of Information legislation, she applied and received her own trial testimony. ‘It arrived with all the names redacted, which is pretty silly as they were my statements, so I knew who they all were,’ she says.

‘Look, I can’t say who the authorities are still protecting after all these years, but wouldn’t it be terrible if Stephen’s conviction wasn’t put right just so certain people can keep their noses clean

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2545656/Prince-Philip-delicate-question-Why-HAS-sensational-Profumo-file-buried-30-years.html#ixzz2rQoaI1QK

Steven Gaal · February 1, 2014

It was entirely by chance, but I discovered that in Peter Dale Scott's - Deep Politics & The Death of JFK, pps. 367-68

footnote to section from page 230 HOOVER, BOBBY BAKERAND THE ELLEN ROMETSCH STORY, he elaborated

on the similarity between the former and the Profumo Scandal.

Below is the footnote in its entirety.

Some miscellaneous speculations: Owen, it will be recalled, was with Ruby's stripper friend Candy Barr in 1957,

just before she was arrested. Both Lester May, her attorney in that case and his brother-in-law Gordon McLendon

(whom Ruby listed as one of his six closest friends 20 WH 39) were busy in 1971 in the mob effort to secure the

release of Jimmy Hoffa (Sheridan, Hoffa 503-04; Moldea, Hoffa Wars, 280). So was Carlos Marcello associate

D'Alton Smith, brother-in-law of Nofio Pecora, the head of Marcello's call-girl operations whom Ruby phoned in

October 1963. In 1970 Smith would be indicted as part of a securities-fraud network, along with Charles Tourine,

Ruby's friend Maurice "Frenchy" Medelvine, Mike McLaney and Sam Benton of the McLaney arms cache on

Lake Ponchartrain (Scott, Crime & Cover-up, 46). Bobby Baker was approached about the million-dollar bail-out

of Hoffa as well (Baker Wheeling and Dealing, 17).

Bedford Wynne entertained his girls, and his friend George Owen, at his home in the Maple Terrace Apartments.

This was also the womanizing friend George DeMohrenschildt (WCD 7:135), and at one time of Ruby's friend

Lewis McWillie (WCD 84.86). Could Ruby and McWillie have moved in such "higher" circles by their ability to

supply women, drugs and gambling? McWillie told the House Committee that he ran "stag parties" at the

Cipango Club for Dallas gamblers Ivy Miller, and Earl Dalton, although he explained that the stag parties

featured dice games at which "they let their wives come too" (5 AH 66). Jim Marrs writes that the Four

Deuces in Fort Worth, which McWillie managed for the "gentleman gambler" W. C. Kirkwood was "in

an area noted for its taverns and its prostitution. It was here, under the protective eye of off-duty policemen,

that men like H. L. Hunt, Clint Murchison (sic) and others joined [speaker] Sam Rayburn and his protege

[Lyndon] Johnson for hours of Kirkwood-provided hospitality." (Marrs, 292) One last detail to support the

Washington policeman's theory that the mob, and more specifically, Nesline, has been behind sexual

corruption in high places for a long time. Mandy Rice-Davies, the number-two woman in the Ward-Keeler

sex ring that compromised both Profumo and Kennedy, established mob contacts when she moved to Israel.

There she met Herbert Itkin, the mob-FBI-CIA double agent who had testified in the Teamster kickback trial,

where his CIA control Mario Brod had testified successfully for the defense.

Had she known the mob before the Profumo story broke? At least one of Ward's women, Mariella Novotny,

(who had slept with Kennedy), had worked in London strip joints like the Club Pigalle and the Black Sheep

(Summers and Dorrill, Honeytrap, 96). Meyer Lansky and Dino Cellini also had interests in London clubs,

which may explain why Lansky and Nesline were spotted there in 1962.

It is safe to say that the mob was involved in the post-assassination cover-up, beginning with Ruby's murder

of Oswald in the Dallas police basement. But it is clear that many of those involved in the pre-assassination

sexual intrigues, including Rosselli, Guy Richards, Michael Eddowes and, above all, Bedford Wynne, were

involved in the post-assassination story as well.

===============================================================

Weston interview Gaal http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=17035&hl=lansky

You mention the British using Lansky to achieve their globalist dreams. How did they get Lansky on their side?

We have to go back, way back, to 1928, to explain this British-Lansky connection. In China, there were three large triads, or gangs, exporting narcotics. Originally, the Kuo Ming Tang and Chiang Kai Shek supported these people. At the same time they were also fighting a prolonged war with the Communists. So for publicity reasons, and to get them back on the good side with the Americans who could help them in the war against the Communists, the KMT publicly went against the triads. At the same time, they made a secret deal with one of these gangs. There was some financial gain to having this narcotics export into the Far East and America, but where they were located were mostly Chinese areas and they wanted to expand and make more money. The book by Douglas Valentine indicates that a State Department man was involved in the Chinese narcotics trade. Apparently, he and other State Department people thought that helping the KMT with the drug trade was a good thing in stopping the spread of communism. Of course, they soon realized it would not be good if American diplomats and officials were caught with loads of narcotics. So they asked themselves, “Can’t we get someone else to do the job?” That is why they reached out to Lansky to be a major drug distributor. This was in the 1930s. So he was in contact with elites possibly before World War II. There is a story that he was called in to help the ONI and the OSS to protect ports in New York and help with the invasion of Sicily. Well, that’s the cover story, because he was possibly in contact with these people before the war. Before World War II and the creation of the OSS and the CIA, ONI was our major intelligence organization, and very likely they knew about Lansky and what he was doing before the war. That just makes sense.

So Lansky was an operative for the ONI, but it is possible that he was more of an operative for the British. This would explain why he helped Castro, which on the surface appears to be against his own interests. But something else was occurring at the same time. He was in contact with the very elites and owners of the Bahamas. Now someone could say that he was just setting that up as a safety valve. But the deeper view is that he knew that Castro was going to win. That’s what his masters, the British, wanted. The British helped him set up his operations in the Bahamas. By the way, in 1961 the British changed their laws on casinos and gambling and by 1964 Lansky had a casino in London. Isn't that amazing? =

=================================

Were the British that anti-Castro ?? http://art88.hubpages.com/hub/British-foreign-policy-and-Castro-1961

Edited February 1, 2014 by Steven Gaal

The links between the John F. Kennedy assassination and the Profumo Scandal

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