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Benjamin Cole

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Posts posted by Benjamin Cole

  1. 10 hours ago, Robert Morrow said:

    Attention Education Forum members: the most important thing I will EVER tell you is that John and Robert Kennedy, President and U.S. Attorney General, COVERED UP THE JUNE 3, 1961 DEATH OF HENRY MARSHALL FOR LYNDON JOHNSON.

    Why? Didn't the Kennedys and LBJ hated each other's guts. Why would they do this?

    Why?

    Because having a Vice President LBJ-related murder scandal hitting the newspapers would be toxic poison to the new Kennedy Administration, the Kennedys personally and to the Democratic party in general.

    Your Vice President Lyndon Johnson has just murdered a U.S. Agricultural official Henry Marshall and the political fall out for that would be like an atomic bomb going off in the Kennedy Administration.

    So the Kennedys used an LBJ hack named Barefoot Sanders as well as Hoover's FBI to cover up the Henry Marshall murder (orchestrated by LBJ and Billie Sol Estes) and lie to the public by having it ruled a suicide.

    At this point it should be obvious that the Kennedys would be DUMPING Lyndon Johnson by the time the 1964 presidential election came around. And LBJ knew that well by summer, 1962.

    And people like me have the *opinion* (merely an opinion) that Lyndon Johnson, who had already murdered Henry Marshall, responded to the Kennedys 1963 "destroy LBJ" plan by putting a bullet into JFK's head and then having FBI Hoover and CIA Allen Dulles cover it up.

    Here are some excellent web links on the 1961 murder of Henry Marshall which was orchestrated by Lyndon Johnson, his aide Cliff Carter. I believe Billie Sol Estes and his brother personally murdered Henry Marshall at the behest of Lyndon Johnson

    1) https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKmarshallH.htm

    2) https://www.texaspubliccorruption.ru/billie-henry-and-lyndon/ (Christopher Clay, 512-478-7300) Contact: https://www.texaspubliccorruption.ru/contact/

    3) https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKestes.htm

    4) https://www.texaspubliccorruption.ru/billy-sol-estes-leaving-the-stage/

    5) https://educationforum.ipbhost.com/topic/5988-did-lbj-order-the-killing-of-henry-marshall/

    6) https://timenote.info/lv/person/view?id=2732359&l=en

    7) https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-14-mn-2725-story.html

    8]  https://apnews.com/article/a749b07f7055002e8adbedfab2b78e0e

    9) https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/08/14/1961-suicide-ruling-changed-to-homicide/1010492840000/

    https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-08-14-8502020904-story.html

    10) http://issues.texasobserver.org/pdf/ustxtxb_obs_1986_11_07_issue.pdf

    11) https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19850814&id=aPtNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jYsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6688,1989076

    12) https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/14/us/61-death-of-figure-in-inquiry-on-estes-is-rules-a-homocide.html

    13) June 19, 1962 article on Texas Rangers probing Henry Marshall case https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19620619.2.25&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1

    14) https://dallaslibrary2.org/dallashistory/archives/ma84-21.php

    15) https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal62-878-28129-1324475

    16) https://www.kwtx.com/content/news/Good-Morning-510686591.html

    17) https://apnews.com/article/a749b07f7055002e8adbedfab2b78e0e

    QUOTE

    On June 3, 1961—58 years ago today—the body of U.S. Department of Agriculture Agent Henry Marshall, a Robertson County native, was found lying dead next to his truck at his farm near Franklin. He had been shot five times with his own bolt-action .22 caliber rifle. The shooting was ruled a suicide. At the time of his death, Marshall was investigating financier and LBJ crony Bill Sol Estes, who was involved in an illegal scheme to transfer cotton allotments. The next year Estes was indicted by a federal grand jury on dozens of counts of fraud and eventually he was convicted in a swindle that authorities said cost investors, banks and the government at least $24 million. After his release from prison in late 1983, Estes told a Robertson County grand jury that Marshall was murdered because of fears he would blow the whistle on the scam and claimed the killing was carried out on the orders of then Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. The cause of death ruling was changed to homicide after his testimony.

    UNQUOTE

    Robert Kennedy’s Justice Department would not cooperate with the state of Texas in solving the murder of U.S. agricultural official Henry Marshall; the Kennedys feared an LBJ-related murder scandal would infect the Kennedy Administration

    [“Ex-Texas official says U.S. wouldn’t aid ’62 death probe,” David Hanners, Dallas Morning News, April 4, 1984]

    QUOTE

    By David Hanners

    Staff Writer of The News

              Former Texas Atty. Gen. Will Wilson said Tuesday that federal authorities refused to cooperate with the state in a 1962 investigation of the death of an Agricultural Department official who was looking into the business dealings of Billie Sol Estes.

              Estes, a convicted swindler, told a Robertson County grand jury last month that the agricultural official, Henry Harvey Marshall, was killed because Marshall had uncovered information that could link then Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson to Estes’ illegal activities, sources close to the grand jury said.

              Marshall died June 3, 1961, after being shot five times. Robertson County authorities ruled his death a suicide. When it became known a year later that Marshall had been investigating Estes’ illegal cotton allotments at the time of his death, Wilson, who was attorney general from 1956-1962, reopened the investigation.

              “It became quite evident to us early in the investigation that Marshall’s death was not a suicide, and secondly, we had a great deal of opposition from the federal government in cooperating with us at all,” said Wilson, 70, who is now retired and living in Austin.

              The 1962 grand jury upheld the suicide ruling. But last month’s Robertson County grand jury, after hearing testimony from Estes, U.S. Marshall Clint Peoples, forensic pathologist Josephy Jachimczyk and others, ruled that Marshall was murdered.

              Estes, who was granted immunity from prosecution in return for his testimony, said he, Johnson and two Johnson associates, Clifton Carter and Malcolm Everett Wallace, conspired to kill Marshall, sources said. The sources said Estes identified Wallace as the one who actually killed Marshall.

              Wilson said federal officials refused to turn over various reports and records that might have …

    Please see U.S. on Page 6A – Dallas Morning News

    UNQUOTE

    Henry Marshall grave:

    https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29408139/henry-harvey-marshall

    Check the newsclips on here

     1985 AP article on Henry Marshall murder

    https://apnews.com/article/a749b07f7055002e8adbedfab2b78e0e

    AUSTIN, Texas (AP) _ A judge ruled today that the evidence is ″clear and convincing″ that the 1961 death of a U.S. Department of Agriculture official who was shot five times was homicide, not suicide.

    The verdict by state District Judge Peter Lowry in the death of Henry Marshall followed a day-long trial on a request by Marshall’s son Don to change the cause of his father’s death.

    At the time of his death, Marshall was investigating Billie Sol Estes, a flamboyant West Texan who eventually was convicted of fraud over a non- existent fertilizer business.

    Estes gained more attention last year when he told a Robertson County grand jury that Marshall was killed on orders from then-Vice President Lyndon Johnson. Estes testified that he and Johnson discussed a need to stop Marshall from disclosing Estes’ fraudulent business dealings and his ties with Johnson, the Austin American-Statesman has reported.

    Relatives and associates of Johnson have denied Estes’ accusations and say the ties Estes claims he had to the late president were exaggerated.

    Marshall’s body was found June 3, 1961, on the family farm in Robertson County, north of Bryan. He had been shot five times and also had inhaled carbon monoxide.

    A 1962 grand jury ruled the death a suicide. But the grand jury that heard Estes’ testimony ruled it a homicide. It issued no indictment or comment on the claim that Johnson was involved, saying only that those involved with the slaying were dead.

    In state District Court on Monday, Don Marshall and his mother, Sybil, asked that the cause listed on Henry Marshall’s death certificate be changed from ″gun shot wounds - self-inflicted″ to ″gun shot wounds - homicide.″

    Marshall said he only recently learned that the listed cause of death could be changed. Assistant Attorney General Lou Bright said a judge can order such a change if there is a satisfactory showing that the information listed is wrong.

    Clint Peoples, a Texas Ranger who investigated Marshall’s death, testified Monday that he believed there was no question that Marshall was murdered. ″My opinion from the investigation prior and after is that someone went out there to make it look like a suicide,″ he said.

    Peoples said he believes evidence shows that Marshall had ″a terrific struggle″ with someone and received several cuts on his head. He then inhaled carbon monoxide, possibly from the exhaust of his pickup. ″After that came the finishing off part with the rifle,″ Peoples said.

    The shots came from a single-shot, bolt-action, .22-caliber rifle. Peoples demonstrated that Marshall, who had a partially crippled right hand, would have had to reach a full arm’s length away to pull the trigger while the barrel was aimed at his abdomen. That action would have had to have been repeated five times if the suicide theory is correct.

    No autopsy was done until a year after Marshall’s death. Dr. Joseph Jachimczyk, chief medical examiner of Harris County, ruled the death a ″possible homicide and possible suicide.″

    Estes refused to testify before the grand jury that declared the death a suicide. But Peoples said that when he escorted Estes to federal prison in 1965 they talked of Marshall’s death. Peoples quoted Estes as saying, ″You can bet your life it wasn’t suicide. It was murder.″ He told Peoples to look ″towards Washington″ for the killer.

    When Estes was released from prison late in 1983, he contacted Peoples and gave him new information about Marshall’s death. Estes said he ″wanted to get right with the Lord,″ Peoples said.

    Estes identified the late Malcolm Wallace, a former U.S. Agriculture Department economist, as the trigger man. Relatives and associates of Wallace denied Estes’ accusations.

    Texas Attorney General Will Wilson was an enemy of Lyndon Johnson:

    1) https://www.justice.gov/criminal/history/assistant-attorneys-general/will-r-wilson

    Will R. Wilson, Sr. (1969-1971)

    Early History: Will Reid Wilson, Sr. was born in 1912 in Dallas, Texas. He earned a degree in geology at the University of Oklahoma and graduated first in his class from Southern Methodist University law school. Mr. Wilson then served as an aide to the Mayor of Dallas and as an Assistant Attorney General for the State of Texas. During World War II, Mr. Wilson was a Major in the U.S. Army, accepting the surrender of Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita’s staff in the Philippines, and was awarded the Bronze Star for heroism in combat.

    In 1946, Mr. Wilson was elected District Attorney of Dallas County. In 1950, he was elected to serve on the Texas Supreme Court as one of its youngest justices in history. He resigned from the bench in 1956 to run for Attorney General of Texas, a post in which he served until 1963 when he co-founded a law firm. In 1959, he received the Wyman Memorial Award, the highest honor of the National Association of Attorneys General.

    Tenure: In 1969, President Richard Nixon appointed Mr. Wilson as Assistant Attorney General of the U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division. As Assistant Attorney General, he directed the Organized Crime Strike force. He served for two years before returning to Texas.

    Later Career: Mr. Wilson later ran two ranches in Texas and served as director of the local water control and improvement districts. He wrote a book (A Fool for a Client) about the fall of President Nixon. Mr. Wilson died in 2005 in Austin, Texas.

    2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Wilson_(Texas_politician)#:~:text=Will%20Reid%20Wilson%2C%20Sr.,of%20Texas%20from%201957%2D1963 .

    3) https://tarltonapps.law.utexas.edu/justices/profile/view/118

    4) https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Will_Wilson

    Wilson did not seek a fourth two-year term as attorney general in 1962; instead he entered the Democratic gubernatorial primary against several prominent opponents, including incumbent Governor Marion Price Daniel, Sr. of Liberty, highway commissioner Marshall Formby of PlainviewGeneral Edwin A. Walker, who made anticommunism the centerpiece of his campaign, and the leading candidates, former U.S. Secretary of the Navy John Connally of Floresville, and liberal attorney Don Yarborough of Houston (no relation to his fellow liberal U.S. Senator Ralph W. Yarborough of Austin). In the campaign, Wilson was particularly critical of a politician not on the ballot: Lyndon Johnson. Wilson declared that Johnson had engineered Connally's candidacy because the vice president feared a Republican victory in Texas in 1962. According to Wilson, Johnson was engaged in "a move . . . to oust Price Daniel, oust me, oust Senator Ralph Yarborough and gain complete control of the state government."[7]

    Ultimately, Connally narrowly won the nomination in a runoff against Yarborough and then defeated the strong Republican gubernatorial candidate in Texas since 1924, Jack Cox of Houston in the general election. Cox had lost the Democratic nomination to Governor Daniel in the 1960 party primary.[8] In 1964, Cox, a part of the conservative wing of his new party, lost the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate to George Herbert Walker Bush, also of Houston, and the future vice president and U.S. president.

    On April 3, 1962 Billie Sol Estes bragged to a lawyer Frank Cain, telling him that he (Estes) could stop any federal investigation into him by telephoning Vice President Lyndon Johnson

    Billie Sol Estes

    https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/document.php?id=cqal62-878-28129-1324475

    QUOTE

    April 20 – The Estes case was sent to a Texas state grand jury following conclusion of hearings before a Dallas court of inquiry conducted by State Attorney General Wilson.

    Frank Cain, a lawyer representing the Pacific Finance Corporation of Los Angeles, which was then suing Estes, April 20 testified before the Dallas court that Estes had once told him that he could stop a federal investigation of his financial operations by telephoning Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Cain said “I don't know whether he did or not, but the FBI went right ahead and he was arrested and in jail two days later.”

    Cain said Estes told him that “pay-offs” cost him from $100,000 to $200,000 a year to keep up his contacts for his agricultural dealings. Cain said Estes made this comment after receiving a telephone call from a man identified as “Jamie Whitten.” Cain said Estes told him Whitten “really gets the job done on appropriations and agricultural programs.”

    Rep. Jamie L. Whitten (D Miss.), chairman of the House Appropriations Committee's Agriculture Subcommittee, April 20 in an interview for the Dallas Times-Herald said “I never heard of this fellow (Estes) before I met him last January through some of my Texas colleagues…. What his business was I never knew. He never solicited any favors from me…and I never did anything for Estes.”

    Wilson April 20 before the court read an unsigned letter to Estes which referred to Rep. H. Carl Andersen (R Minn.) as “a good Republican contact in Congress” for Estes. Wilson indicated the letter was written by William E. Morris. The letter, asking whether Estes would be interested in purchasing coal mine stock from Andersen, said: “He is really in a bind. He is really good about standing by his friends.”

    James T. Ralph, a former Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, April 20 testified that Estes had urged him to accept gifts of clothing while on a Dallas shopping trip to the point where “it became embarrassing”, but said he had neither accepted the clothes as gifts nor bought them with his own money. Clerks from the Dallas Neiman-Marcus store testified that Ralph had tried on suits which were altered to fit him, that they were charged to Estes and sent to Estes at a Washington hotel.

    Emery E. Jacobs declined to appear before the Dallas court on April 20 due to a “conflict in schedule.” He said he did intend to testify and would deny “any wrong-doing, either morally, legally or ethically.”

    April 25 – Wilson called for a Congressional investigation of “widespread evidence” that “Washington political influence” was used in behalf of Estes. Wilson said the courts of inquiry he had conducted had produced evidence that Estes received “substantial favors” from the Agriculture Department.

    April 25 – Estes was indicted on state charges of theft.

    UNQUOTE

    Lyndon Johnson used to call Billie Sol Estes at 3AM in the morning and tell him that he needed $500,000 by 9AM. Also, he said that the Kennedys were having him followed in 1962

    JFK assassination researcher post on JFK Facts.org on October 30, 2014 by someone posting as “RLC”   

    https://jfkfacts.org/billy-sol-estes-leaves-the-stage-claimed-lbj-killed-jfk-and-others/

    QUOTE

    In the late 1990’s I was invited to a private (by invitation only) dinner. Billy Sol Estes was also a guest. I got to know Billy quite well and had a long conversation, about 4 hours, where we talked about everything from his childhood, how he made his first million. We discussed his relationship with LBJ and LBJ calling him at 3:00 am telling him he needed $500,000 by 9:00 am. I had not talked with for at least 4 years and just found out he passed away in May of 2013. He asked me not to mention anything about what he was telling me because people were after him and being followed again. What I mean by again is he said JFK and Robert Kennedy both were having him followed in 1962. He told me he could not leave his house without someone following him. He told me about Malcomb Wallace being LBJ’s hit man. I must admit he was very interesting but also must admit that he was scaring me. He told me more than I wanted to know. I cooked chili for everyone and Billy Sol spent the entire time outside with me. He also told me about his three different prison sentences and how he could have gotten a chance at early release if he returned the money he and LBJ embezzled with their non-existent grain silos and expose LBJ. He was more worried about Wallace than early release. He gave me a book and wrote me a note with his personal phone number. He also told me that LBJ had Wallace kill his daughters lover. He was always looking over his shoulder. He was a great business man

    UNQUOTE

    J. Edgar Hoover (5/21/1962) on the Henry Marshall murder of June 3, 1961: “I just can understand how one can fire five shots at himself.”

    https://educationforum.ipbhost.com/topic/5988-did-lbj-order-the-killing-of-henry-marshall/

      John Simkin said:

    Even J. Edgar Hoover was not impressed with this theory. He wrote on 21st May, 1962: "I just can't understand how one can fire five shots at himself."

     J. Raymond Carroll said: John, can you please give the source for this quotation from Hoover?

      John Simkin said:

    It appeared on a memo from Hoover to Tommy G. McWilliams. It was quoted on page 14 of an article entitled "The Killing of Henry Marshall" by Bill Adler that appeared in The Texas Observer (7th November, 1986).

     

    Do you have any guess how many senior Democrats, after 11/22/63, surmised it was LBJ who perped the JFKA?

    But they decided to keep quiet for sake of party solidarity? 

    Can you name any? 

  2. 22 minutes ago, James DiEugenio said:

    Ben:

    Kevin is correct about Israel stealing uranium in the mid sixties from the USA.

    That is proven by clear and convincing evidence.

     

    https://consortiumnews.com/2016/09/11/how-israel-stole-the-bomb/

     

    25 minutes ago, James DiEugenio said:

    Ben:

    Kevin is correct about Israel stealing uranium in the mid sixties from the USA.

    That is proven by clear and convincing evidence.

     

    https://consortiumnews.com/2016/09/11/how-israel-stole-the-bomb/

    JD--

    Oh, I don't contest it is possible, perhaps even 50/50 likely, Israel stole uranium the 1960s, or that, possibly, senior officials in the JFK-LBJ administration arranged to ship uranium to Israel, but wanted a plausible cover story denying responsibility. 

    Given LBJ's lack of interest to pursuing leads...maybe JFK/LBJ decided an ally needed the weapons. Helms would lie about anything, and so he lied about the transfer of uranium also. Many people say Angleton was tight with Israel, and capable of running his own ops. Who knows? 

    There could have also been a program to steal or buy uranium from notoriously corrupt Russia, and that had to be covered up. You need a plausible cover story to protect sources and methods. 

    I stand by my statement that Israel deliberately attacking the USS Liberty was just a horrible mistake.  

    Friendly fire incidents globally account for 20% of wartime military deaths. 

     

  3. 1 hour ago, Joseph McBride said:

    Morley should know the assassination attempt on President Truman was in 1950, not 1951,

    and only one of the two attackers, Oscar Collazo, was "captured." The other, Griselio Torresola, shot and killed

    White House Police Officer Leslie Coffelt, who shot him to death in a gunfight. 

    Secret Service agents wounded Collazo.

    JM--Thanks for your correx. 

    It should be noted that SS agent Leslie Coffelt himself was killed in the gun battle, defending the US President

  4. 12 hours ago, Kevin Balch said:

    The uranium was stolen in 1965 from a plant that received highly enriched uranium from the US Navy and used it to fabricate fuel elements for nuclear submarines. The plant had more missing uranium from “processing losses” than all other such facilities combined, which aroused the suspicion of the Atomic Energy Commission. The plant was owned by a stalwart zionist which is why diversion to Israel was suspected. It’s possible that one of the USS Liberty’s objectives was to gather intelligence to confirm whether Israel could have this material and made nuclear weapons from it.

    Note that the Israeli nuclear weapons program was based on a plutonium track, not uranium. The Dimona reactor was a heavy-water reactor which does not require enriched uranium. This path was chosen because uranium enrichment facilities are easily detected as well as expensive. It is the path that India and Pakistan used later. Plutonium produced in the reactor is extracted and refined to make bomb-grade plutonium. It appears that Dimona criticality and the plutonium extraction operations were significantly delayed for either cost or technical reasons and as an expedient, a simple, crude uranium bomb would be needed, one that would not need to be tested unlike a more complex plutonium bomb. Which also makes me suspect that Israel was on a timeline to support a 1967 war and that the war itself was premeditated.

    In 1968, environmental samples taken around Dimona revealed traces of uranium enriched to the same level of the material missing from the US facility. At the time, Israel had no ability to make this material. They did not get it from the Soviet Union which did not even give its Arab clients such material.

    KB---

    Thanks for your collegial comments.

    It may be that Israelis managed to smuggle plutonium out of the US. 

    This sentence strikes me a far-fetched: 

    "It’s possible that one of the USS Liberty’s objectives was to gather intelligence to confirm whether Israel could have this material and made nuclear weapons from it."

    I never heard of a signals-intel ship trying to gather intel on a years-old possible plutonium theft. 

    Anti-Semitic crackpots have been going on about why Israelis attacked the USS Liberty since 1967, inventing any number of preposterous reasons, none of which make any sense. 

    The real answer: 

    Friendly fire happens, and Israelis soldiers and airmen are not giants. 

    Her is a mind-boggling friendly fire incident:

    The friendly fire over Gela (Italy) would go down as the worst friendly fire incident of the war at the time for the Americans. 318 American soldiers were killed or wounded. Twenty-three transport planes were destroyed or lost. Many planes returned to base heavily damaged.

    ---30---

    US Army soldiers manning anti-aircraft weapons, shot down 23---23!---US Army air transports, C-47s and C-53s, properly traveling in columns towards known objectives. They were the third wave of US planes in formation, following the same flight path.  

    "As a result of the friendly fire incident, the airborne assault was widely scattered, missing assigned drop zones and objectives."

    "The first two formations of (US Army) transport planes followed their prescribed course and discharged their paratroopers squarely on target. These would be the only airborne soldiers to float down safely to the correct drop zone. When the next (US) formation appeared over the shoreline, a never identified nervous (US Army) gunner on the beach began shooting. Other scared gunners on shore and aboard ships sent volleys of fire lofting into the night sky (at US Army transports)."

    So the US Army shot down 23 of their own planes, that were traveling on the same flight path that two previous formations had flown over. Multiple, perhaps even dozens, of US gunners participated in the firing, from land and naval positions. 

    No one says anything extra tricky or devious happened at Gela. 

    Humans make mistakes, the adrenaline pumps, fear, perhaps even vain hopes for glory. Pilot training and technical assists were not tops in the 1960s. 

    There was zero upside for Tel Aviv for an Israeli attack on the US warship. 

     

     

  5. J. Morley weighs in on differences and similarities between the JFKA and the Trump Assassination Attempt (TAA): 

     

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    The Latest From JFK Facts


    A Secret Service Assassination Coverup? There's a Lawsuit For That

    In 1995 the presidential protectors shredded key JFK files. The Mary Ferrell Foundation is holding them accountable in court in 2024.

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    Of the six attacks on presidents in the last 75 years, two stand out for egregious lapses in Secret Service security procedures: the assassination of JFK on November 22, 1963, and the near assassination of Donald Trump on July 13, 2024. 

    As I predicted last month, today’s media environment makes it possible for a real investigation and real accountability — neither of which happened in 1963. 

    Secret Service director Kimberly Cheatle has resigned after scathing bipartisan criticism in a Capitol Hill hearing. In 1963, director James Rowley inexplicably kept his job for another eight years. 

    The Secret Service has said agents will be disciplined, which seems likely after Acting Director Ronald Rowe Jr. said he was “ashamed” of the agency’s actions on July 13 when Trump was nearly killed by a fusillade fired by Thomas Crooks, the 20-year-old gunman who was killed by a Secret Service sniper.

    In 1963, no agents were disciplined, even though some had been out drinking until 5 a.m. on the morning JFK was ambushed in Dallas’ Dealey Plaza. The Warren Commission, created by President Lyndon Johnson to ratify the “lone gunman” theory, did no serious investigation of the agency’s security procedures in 1963.

    The record of the Secret Service on JFK’s assassination is the essential background to the work of the bipartisan House of Representatives task force, which is now looking into the near assassination of Trump. Absolute transparency and vigilant accountability are essential, lest the sorry history of 1963 repeat itself.

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    What History Tells Us

    Vince Palamara, the leading expert on the Secret Service in 1963, has documented in painful detail the agency’s egregious failures in Dallas, showing that Kennedy’s security detail was much tighter on 20 previous public appearances in 1963. 

    (Palamara’s YouTube channel is an indispensable tool for understanding the real history of Kennedy’s assassination. It’s much more accurate and comprehensive, for example, than Wikipedia’s outdated, biased pro-government entry on JFK’s assassination.)

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    And when an independent civilian review board asked the Secret Service in 1995 to provide records of its actions in the fall of 1963, the Secret Service destroyed the records.

    In its final report, issued in September 1998, the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) stated:

    The Review Board learned of the destruction approximately one week after the Secret Service destroyed them, when the Board was drafting its request for additional information. The Board believed that the Secret Service files on the President’s travel in the weeks preceding his murder would be relevant.

    The board asked the Secret Service to submit a sworn declaration that it had complied with the JFK Records Act. The Secret Service ignored the board’s demand. 

    Judge John Tunheim, chair of the ARRB, said no federal agency was worse than the Secret Service in complying with the 1992 JFK Records Act, which mandated the release of all government files related to President Kennedy’s murder.

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    Suing Biden

    In October 2022, the Mary Ferrell Foundation, a nonprofit educational organization based in Ipswich, Mass., sued President Biden and the National Archives for failure to enforce the JFK Records Act. 

    In its court filing, the foundation, which sponsors the internet’s largest collection of searchable JFK assassination records, cited the Secret Service’s failure to submit a sworn declaration of compliance. The lawsuit is ongoing in federal court in San Francisco.

    Last month, the foundation’s attorney, Bill Simpich, asked Chief District Judge Richard Seeborg for permission to initiate discovery proceedings to investigate whether the Secret Service records might still exist. 

    “We are seeking the records of the destroyed Secret Service records because they may let us know what their practices were back in 1963 and what went wrong with JFK's protection,” Simpich told JFK Facts. “The kind of scrutiny that is happening now with the attempt on Trump's life simply didn't happen in 1963.  Why not?"

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    Other Attacks

    In four other presidential attacks, the agency’s managers were not at fault and its agents acted appropriately.

    In 1951, when two Puerto Rican nationalists attempted to shoot their way into Blair House, the presidential guest house where President Harry Truman was staying, the Secret Service returned fire and captured the assailants. Truman was not harmed. 

    In two separate attempts on President Gerald Ford’s life in September 1975, the Secret Service hustled Ford to safety. 

    In the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan in 1981, agents quickly tackled gunman John Hinckley.

    But the events of Dallas in November 1963 and Butler in July 2024 revealed a dangerously incompetent agency. President Kennedy paid with his life, and Trump was fortunate to escape with his. 

    To repeat, absolute transparency and vigilant accountability is essential, lest the sorry history of 1963 make a return appearance.

  6. 2 hours ago, Kevin Balch said:

    They were prepared to use nuclear weapons. Weapons I believe were made with uranium stolen from the United States.

    https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/03/world/middleeast/1967-arab-israeli-war-nuclear-warning.html

    KB-

    You may be right, that the Israelis stole the uranium. Certainly a lot of people think so. 

    On the other hand, maybe the Israelis just bought bought uranium from the always-corrupt Russians, and the US theft story leaked as a cover. 

    Before its collapse in 1991, the Soviet Union had more than 27,000 nuclear weapons and enough weapons-grade plutonium and uranium to triple that number. 

    Given the tight geography of Israel and its enemies, I wonder what kind of nukes the Israelis planned to use in 1967, or if that was just saber-rattling. 

    The US and Russia maintain small tactical nukes, but even that seems unlikely for Israel. 

    Anyway, the record shows Israel inflicted very little damage on Egyptian and Syrian populations in the 1967 and 1973 wars, despite having the ability to wipe out both those nations. 

     

  7. 4 hours ago, Jean Ceulemans said:

    I think a lot of us have had the same feelings about O. But because there is so much we simply don´t know, he will forever be an enigma I think. A lot of his actions may look unplanned , some even head-over-heels, in first that is, digging a little deeper and we find it was planned already for a long time. Frankly, I don´t know where the answers would have to come from at this point.. , it´s unlikely Intell will announce something big.

    JC--

    Maybe. 

    But records of what Joannides was doing in New Orleans at the same time as LHO might be informative. 

    Additionally, we don't know what we don't know. 

    Why did the Biden Administration do a permanent snuff job on the JFK Records Act? 

    Why did AG Merrick Garland engage in such vast legal chicanery and subterfuge in creating the Orwellian "Transparency Board"? 

    Garland and Biden went a long, long way, expended considerable effort and tax dollars, to stop you and me from seeing the JFK Records Act documents.

    And Biden (or his handlers) and Garland are still defending their illegal actions in court, against the Mary Ferrell Foundation. 

    Because there are only anodyne and innocuous documents being kept from the public? 

    I don't buy it. 

    ---30---

    PS I am working on a speculative post.

    One reason for the JFK Records Act snuff job was to bury info of conspiracy...as there was another assassination planned. 

    Imagine if the JFK Records Act documents revealed Deep State complicity in the JFKA...and then someone took out Trump. 

    The public would be much more amenable to CT explanations on Trump, than just LN explanations---if the truth had come out on the JFKA. 

    As I said, speculation....

     

     

  8. 9 hours ago, Kevin Balch said:

    Was a preemptive and total war a justifiable response? Further, Israel retained the lands captured which violated international law regarding territorial acquisition through aggressive conquest.

    KB-

    Thanks for your collegial response. 

    Israel's response in 1967 to having its major (only) southern port blocked (an act of war by international law) by Egypt, and Egypt moving troops close to its borders...Egypt announcing major military alliances...after years of Arab nations vowing to destroy Israel and kill all the Jews...was it justified?

    Certainly the Israelis will say so. I tend to agree with them. 

    Nor, in 1967, did Israel respond with "total" war.  Israel did not bomb Cairo or Damascus, though neither city had any air defenses. Though the Arabs had vowed to kill all the Jews, the Jews in 1967 did not kill Arab civilians. 

    Total war is what happened in WWII. Firebombing Tokyo, Dresden, etc. The US firebombed Tokyo, and nuked Hiroshima and Nagasaki, after Japan bombed a military installation (Pearl Harbor).  

    There is a lot of literature out there written by anti-Semitic crackpots, some of it in these very pages. I advise caution in what you believe. 

     

     

     

     

  9. 7 hours ago, Kevin Balch said:

    How did the Arabs start the war in 1967? It was Israel that struck first. As they did in 1956.

    In 1973 they were trying to reclaim land lost in 1967.

    The lead up to the 1967 included Nasser militarizing the Sinai and blocking the Gulf of Aqaba, considered an act of war (blockading a a an important civilian harbor is an act of war). So who started he war? Depends who you ask. Tel Aviv says they warned Cairo that blocking Eilat was an act of war. 

    "on May 14, 1967, Nasser mobilized Egyptian forces in the Sinai; on May 18 he formally requested the removal of the UNEF stationed there; and on May 22 he closed the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping, thus instituting an effective blockade of the port city of Elat in southern Israel. On May 30, King Hussein of Jordan arrived in Cairo to sign a mutual defense pact with Egypt, placing Jordanian forces under Egyptian command; shortly thereafter, Iraq too joined the alliance.

    Main events of the war

    In response to the apparent mobilization of its Arab neighbours, early on the morning of June 5, Israel staged a sudden preemptive air assault that destroyed more than 90 percent Egypt’s air force on the tarmac. A similar air assault incapacitated the Syrian air force. Without cover from the air, the Egyptian army was left vulnerable to attack. Within three days the Israelis had achieved an overwhelming victory on the ground, capturing the Gaza Strip and all of the Sinai Peninsula up to the east bank of the Suez Canal."

    https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War

    ---30---

    As you point out, the Arabs attacked Israel in 1973.  

    But back to my point; JFK was known as a strong supporter of Israel through his brief presidency, and loved in Tel Aviv as he was through much of the world. 

    I believe JFK would be today too.

    JFK did not want Israel to have nukes. That is a reasonable concern, and non-proliferation is a good idea. 

    This is a link to a 1960 JFK speech. Granted it is a speech, and all pols say things in speeches. But JFK sure sounds like an Israel supporter. https://www.jfklibrary.org/archives/other-resources/john-f-kennedy-speeches/new-york-ny-19600826

     

  10. 7 hours ago, Kevin Balch said:

    JFK was more upset that the BoP failed than whether it was the right thing to do or with its wisdom. He was enamored of covert and special operations. He was more skeptical of CIA competence in covert operations than anything else.

    I agree that the Miami speech could be considered inflammatory to Cuba, particularly after the Cuban Missile Crisis when Cuban leadership felt betrayed by the Soviets. But I don’t see how it could have led to the JFKA by anti-Castro Cubans.

    I don’t agree that the Kennedys were ardent zionists. Their political viability hinged on distancing themselves from the reputed antisemitism of Joe Kennedy Sr. They courted influential Jews. JFK wrote A Nation of Immigrants for the ADL. In office, their record was mixed. They sought to limit the Israel Lobby by trying to enforce the Foreign Agent Registration Act. Any weapons provided Israel were intended to achieve some sort of balance to counter Soviet influence rather than a decisive edge.

    But it’s beyond dispute that JFK sought to prevent a nuclear arms race in the middle east which would result from an Israeli nuclear weapon. This concern originated in the Eisenhower administration when the true purpose of Dimona was discovered.

    It’s anyone’s guess how JFK would have responded to a Gulf of Tonkin or similar incident in the middle of the 1964 presidential campaign. He would not have been anywhere near as popular as was LBJ in 1964 for obvious reasons and may have faced a more formidable republican opponent. He would not have carried Texas if LBJ was dropped from the ticket. The Kennedys had to be worried about the secret deal with Khrushchev to remove the Jupiter missiles from Turkey being leaked in the middle of the campaign. Odds are, JFK would have won but not by a landslide and historical trends suggest that the numbers of democrats in the house and senate would have declined.

    KB--

    Thanks for your collegial comments. 

    Yes, playing the "counterfactuals" game can be be beguiling, and...well, we let our biases lead us to our conclusions. 

    My take is JFK (and RFK1) would have avoided the large military blunders of Vietnam, Iraq and Afghanistan, which together is no small thing. We are talking hundreds of thousands of lives (millions, depending on how you want to count) and trillions in outlays. 

    On Israel, hard to say. Where the Israel of the 1960s faced somewhat non-theocratic enemies, who might be reasoned with (and were, after they lost two wars they started in 1967 and 1972) present-day Middle East nations and terrorist proxies have become increasing illiberal and theocratic, meaning they believe they are serving God, and are implacable and unreasoning. It is a wise policy to separate church and state, as our founding fathers knew. 

    And Russia has changed too, from a communist nation to a capitalist kleptocracy and thug state.  

    Unchanged is China, still a communist dictatorship, becoming more brutal with each passing year, conveniently underplayed by US media and apologists as globalists have so much of their manufacturing base and other interests linked to the CCP. 

    Hard to say what JFK would do in the modern world. 

     

     

     

  11. 45 minutes ago, Charles Blackmon said:

    You kept your day job rather than go for a pipe dream right? Smart.

    I was in a 'garage band' during college. We concentrated on originals and have recordings of all of our stuff preserved on a website. Fun memories!

     

    Verily. I regret to say the recordings of my band are now legendarily known as "the lost sessions," usually spoken of in hushed, and sometimes reverent tones by old-time industry greats, the kind of guys who do not have tattoos.  

    Well, the part about the recordings being "lost sessions" is true. Actually, I don't think we ever recorded our music. 

     

     

  12. 8 hours ago, Pat Speer said:

    Pimp? 

    Hilarious. It's FREE. I created a website with more info and analysis than any 10 books written by others. And that's because I thought people should have a place to go to find such stuff and not be forced into buying the many many crappy books on the case that do no stand the test of time. 

    But enough with that. I see you are a Van Halen fan. Well, you might be interested in knowing I went to high school with Valerie Bertinelli. 

     

    In high school I played piano in a band that played at parties and Val Halen sometimes played at those parties too. Pasadena, Arcadia area. But, alack and alas, my talent caught up with me. 

    The PS website is a formidable collection of evidence. I disagree with a few points, but so what? 

    That is a forum is for. 

  13. JFK was an incredibly intelligent individual, and a remarkable speaker. 

    But remember, he is also the man who wrote the book, "Why England Slept," and personally served in WWII in the Pacific against a monstrous illiberal imperialist power. 

    JFK authorized the BoP op, and put 15,000 troops into South Vietnam. When there was a chance to take down bad guys at a low cost, JFK was for it. 

    In this speech, given in late 1962 regarding Cuba, JFK essentially promises to overthrow Castro and establish democracy in Cuba: 

    "I want to express my great appreciation to the brigade for making the United States the custodian of this flag. I can assure you that this flag will be returned to this brigade in a free Havana."

    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-miami-the-presentation-the-flag-the-cuban-invasion-brigade

    The entire speech could be considered inflammatory.

    (BTW, I sometimes wonder if the above promise played a role in the JFKA, heightening a sense of betrayal in the Cuban exile community.) 

    JFK, and RFK, were both ardent supporters of Israel.

    I agree that JFK would never have become mired down in Vietnam, and he sought exit ramps in Cuba, not nuclear war. Like any sensible statesman, he knew that discretion is the better part of valor. 

    But that does not mean JFK would have appeased or pandered to Mideast despots, Russian thugs or Beijing bureaucrats.  

    My take is JFK would have taken the best options in opposing such loathsome retrograde powers.

    Best options does not mean nuclear war, or endless wars, but nor does it mean constant appeasement. 

     

     

     

     

  14. Just now, Benjamin Cole said:
    5 minutes ago, Karl Kinaski said:

     Police-radio heard: "We breached the building, there is blood in the bathroom, second shooter on the loose ..."  at 22min24sec of clip ...

    Sh...t .. they knew there was a second gunman ... 

    Oswald was not and Crooks was not a lone gunman. Jeff Morley should do his homework. 

    I am keeping an open mind. History tells us that organized assasination plots often make use of a patsy. A patsy better dead, btw.

    I am keeping an open mind. History tells us that organized assasination plots often make use of a patsy. A patsy better dead, btw.

  15. 2 minutes ago, Karl Kinaski said:

     Police-radio heard: "We breached the building, there is blood in the bathroom, second shooter on the loose ..."  at 22min24sec of clip ...

    Sh...t .. they knew there was a second gunman ... 

    Oswald was not and Crooks was not a lone gunman. Jeff Morley should do his homework. 

    I am keeping an open mind. History tells us that organized assasination plots often make use of a patsy. A patsy better dead, btw.

  16. 8 hours ago, Joe Bauer said:

    Wow!

    What a great account piece written by this small town newspaper reporter!

    Just love her style of reporting ( with colorful brushstrokes of personal reflections )  that captured not just the electricity of the entire courtroom drama but kept it framed and grounded in an honest real-life human way.

    Her article, even as short as it was, packed an exciting / want to know more punch.

    Earnest Hemingway admired Dorothy Kilgallen couldn't have done better.

    Thanks for posting this B. Cole.

    I had never known much about the legal proceeding build-up to the Clay Shaw trial. 

    This Paducah reporter gave us a very small but fascinating window into the entire affair, especially with her personal summation reflections during the hearing and after it was all over as she walked into the outside world of reality.

    She lastly reflected about the entire affair being so sordid in so many human frailty and debauchery ways that typically most editors would not want to cover it and report it in full measure way. At least that's what I read into her comments.

    What a surreal stage play Clay Shaw lived in. 

    Whenever I think of Clay Shaw I think of a sophisticate who had at some point became a morally corrupted addict owned by his own deepest self-indulging compulsive needs and confused as to what he had become in his self-aware reality mind.

    I remember his highly choreographed damage control interview that was made public where he lied his a$$ off when asked if he was ever connected to the agency.

    A proven lie.

    I trusted drug addict Vernon Bundy's honesty way more than Shaw's.

    Shaw's...not at all.

     

     

    JB-

    Thank you for your collegial comments.

    I will try to track down if the reporter, Corinne Whitehead, ever went back to New Orleans or if she  got Op Mocked out of the picture.

  17.  

    This newspaper is the Paducah Sun-Democrat, undated, but I think 1967 on the day a three-judge Louisiana panel ordered Clay to stand trial, after a Grand Jury indicted him. 

    Imagine a small-town paper today sending a reporter or correspondent to cover such a trial.  The Paducah Sun-Democrat still exists, btw. 

    The reporter, Corinne Whitehead, does a credible job, and alludes to "murder" in her final three paragraphs. She does not try to discredit Vernon Bundy, who said he saw Clay giving money to LHO.  She suggests the public is getting a sanitized version of the proceeding. 

    I think the big anti-Garrison Op Mock began in earnest after this. 

    (Of course, after Clay was ultimately acquitted it came out Clay had been on CIA payrolls.) 

     

    ]Screen-Shot-2567-07-30-at-19-21-45.png

  18. Update. The lawsuit Mary Ferrell Foundation v Biden is reaching a critical stage. Next week we are asking the judge to grant us “discovery,” meaning the right to interview witnesses and compel the government to produce missing JFK records. Stay tuned!

     

    MzoozGx0YTc

     

    https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.ama

    Biden Sued For Concealing JFK Assassination Documents After 60 Years
    Mary Ferrell Foundation lawsuit seeks hidden and destroyed records.

     
  19. 12 hours ago, Robert Morrow said:

    Mel Ayton is long time Lone Nutter on the JFK assassination and he is also a "lone nutter" on the RFK assassination as well as he indicts Sirhan Sirhan alone for RFK's murder (as I do as well).

    MEL AYTON – LONE NUTTER

    Mel Ayton http://www.melayton.com/

    Mel Ayton's latest book Hunting The President was published in

    April 2014 and received nation-wide acclaim from The Sean

    Hannity Show, The Michael Medved Show, Bill Martinez Live, In

    The Market with Janet Parshall, The Brian Thomas

    Show, Daybreak USA, Talk Back with Chuck Wilder, The Lars

    Larson Show, The Janet Mefferd Show, and The Dennis Miller

     Show as well as numerous local US radio shows. News stories

    about the book appeared in the US national press including The

    New York Post, and The Los Angeles Times and many American

    regional newspapers and media websites

    Mel Ayton, “Lee Harvey Oswald’s Motives,” Mel Ayton, History News Network, 2006 - https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/23430

     Mel Ayton: Review of John McAdams's "JFK Assassination Logic: How to Think About Claims of Conspiracy" (Potomac Books, 2011)

    http://hnn.us/article/143124  

    QUOTE

    In the 1970s, Priscilla Johnson McMillan’s Marina and Lee, a book which could be characterized as ‘Marina Oswald’s Memoirs, gave the American public an insight into the mind and character of JFK’s assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, an enigmatic  young man who had  remained a puzzle to the American people since the November 1963 assassination.

    In the 1980s, Jean Davison’s Oswald’s Game gave readers a logical explanation for the assassination:  Oswald, a hero-worshipper of Fidel Castro and a wannabe revolutionary, had political motives and he likely acted out of a distorted sense of political idealism.

    In the 1990s, Gerald Posner’s Case Closed, a well-written account of the assassination that debunked numerous conspiracy scenarios provided a refreshing antidote to Oliver Stone’s movie about the assassination, JFK.  Stone’s largely fictional drama had been released in cinemas in the early 1990s.  Its central character was Jim Garrison, the New Orleans District Attorney who accused the CIA of Kennedy’s murder.  His false history of the assassination had a corrosive effect on a new generation’s ability to understand this important event in U.S. history.  Fortunately, another corrective to the movie came in 1998 with the publication of Patricia Lambert’s excellent book False Witness, which firmly exposed Garrison as a charlatan and a fraud.

    Within recent years Vincent Bugliosi’s Reclaiming History, a mammoth 1,600 page book, examined every theory and every conspiracy claim.  The former Los Angeles lawyer, who became famous for his prosecution of hippie killer Charles Manson, took the debate about conspiracy allegations a step further by providing a devastating no-nonsense approach to the ridiculous assassination scenarios constructed by conspiracy authors, all of whom, as his book ably demonstrates, deliberately skewed the evidence in the case.  His book was a masterwork that decisively marginalized JFK conspiracists.

    UNQUOTE

     Mel Ayton gives a ringing endorsement of John McAdams lone nutter book

    Mel Ayton bio

    See www.melayton.com

    Mel Ayton lives in Durham, England. He has a B.A. Honours degree in politics and history and a master's degree, M.A. (Dunelm). For his Durham University degree Ayton specialised in the teaching of American history in US schools and colleges. He is a former teacher, deputy school principal and college lecturer. Throughout his teaching career he has taught in elementary schools, high schools and colleges. In 1988 he was selected as a Fulbright Teacher and taught in schools in Michigan, USA. He also worked in Bermuda and taught in Zambia.

    In 2003 Mel Ayton was the historical adviser for the BBC’s television documentary, The Kennedy Dynasty, which was broadcast in the UK and the US in November 2003. He also worked as a historical consultant for NBC News, National Geographic Channel and the Discovery Times Channel and appeared in the documentaries - CIA - Mind Control (2006), CIA Secret Experiments (2008) and Conspiracy Test: The Robert Kennedy Assassination (2008). Ayton was also a guest on Fox News’ Hannity show in 2009 and 2014.

    Ayton has appeared in television programmes produced by the BBC’s Newsnight and the UK’s Channel 4 News and has also appeared as a guest on numerous US radio talk shows including: The Peter Boyles Show, The Dennis Miller Show, The Michael Medved Show, The Lars Larson Show, The Janet Mefferd Show, The Brian Thomas Show, Bill Martinez Live, The Paul Ibbetson Show, The Schilling Show, In The Market with Janet Parshall, WDUN’s Morning News with Bill and Joel, The Steve Cochran Show, Ireland’s Newstalk with Sean Moncrieff, and Canada’s Ted Woloshyn Show.

    Ayton is the author of numerous articles for various print and online publications, including History Ireland, Crime Magazine, David Horowitz's FrontPage, Max Holland’s Washington Decoded, George Mason University's History News Network, The Los Angeles Times and TIME magazine.

    Ayton’s recent book is a second edition of The Forgotten Terrorist: Sirhan Sirhan and the Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy (University of Nebraska Press/Potomac Books, 2019). The new edition includes an updated Afterword by the author and a Preface written by Harvard Professor Emeritus Alan Dershowitz.

    In 2011 Senator Robert F. Kennedy’s assassin, Sirhan Sirhan, sought a new trial or freedom from his life sentence asserting his innocence. In December 2011 California’s Attorney General, Kamala Harris, through her Deputy Attorney General, Jamie Fuster, requested Ayton’s assistance in preparing a brief challenging Sirhan’s claim that he is innocent of the murder of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The California courts eventually dismissed Sirhan’s request in 2015. (See: https://www.leagle.com/decision/infdco20150106770 )

    Mel Ayton is also the author of:

    Questions of Controversy - The Kennedy Brothers (University of Sunderland Press 2001)

    The JFK Assassination - Dispelling The Myths and Challenging the Conspiracy Theorists (Woodsfield Publishing, 2002)

    A Racial Crime - James Earl Ray and the Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. (ArcheBooks, 2005)

    Dark Soul of the South - The Life and Crimes of Racist Killer Joseph Paul Franklin (University of Nebraska Press/Potomac Books, 2011)

    Justice Denied - Bermuda's Black Militants, The 'Third Man' and the Assassinations of a Police Chief and Governor (Strategic Media Books, 2013)

    Beyond Reasonable Doubt – The Warren Report and Lee Harvey Oswald’s Guilt and Motive 50 Years On (Strategic Media Books, 2014)

    Hunting The President Threats, Plots and Assassination Attempts – From FDR to Obama

    (Regnery Publishing, 2014)

    Plotting To Kill The President – Assassination Attempts – From Washington to Hoover (University of Nebraska Press/Potomac Books, 2017)

    Protecting The Presidential Candidates - From JFK to Biden (Frontline Books, 2021)

    RM--

    Thanks for your collegial response. 

    I disagree with Ayton on the JFKA/RFK1A, which in my view are siamese twin political assassinations. 

    But, a forum is for having debates and not monologues, so let Ayton be Ayton. 

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