Marjan Rynkiewicz

9 hours ago, Pat Speer said:

It's true that an intact FMJ bullet doesn't leave a lead trail. That was bs pushed by Baden. But an FMJ bullet striking at an angle will explode and leave lead fragments at the entry site and just below the surface of the wound. The so-called trail of fragments is not a trail. It's a splat of fragments mostly almost entirely on the outside of the skull.

 

Nope..........

Mortal Error by Menninger & Donahue........ p75....... (Dr Fisher).......... "Well, for one thing, the bullet that hit him in the head disintegrated completely. We saw nearly forty fragments throughout the right cerebral hemisphere and embedded in the interior of the skull."

p197.......... The bullet, everyone agreed, had disintegrated and sprayed a multitude of fragments across the right side of the brain. In one of the appendices the committee said: "...the anterior-posterior and lateral X-rays of the skull indicate that the vast majority of missile fragments moved in a cylindrical, slightly coned, pathway, in the same direction as the bullet's path prior to striking the skull."

p197 .......... The 1968 panel had cited "relatively large fragments, more or less randomly distributed... in the right cerebral hemisphere." They also noted a trail of tinier fragments 1.8 inches long that lined up with the entry hole and that the committee was ready to infer indicated "the bullet's" course, except that it petered out before reaching a point up front... where there was no defect in the skull.

1 hour ago, Pat Speer said:

Read the reports carefully. The top right quadrant of the brain was missing. So where then is this trail of fragments?

I admit that i have not studied the xray stuff. And i karnt remember whether the remnant brain was ever (taken out &) xrayed.

But there was mention of lots of fragments. As u say, praps there never was a clear trail.

I seem to recall that there have been tests of fragmentation in jelly -- did they leave trails? I suspect that a trail (of lead)(in jelly) formed a sausage, open near the entry, & closed near the end, with a large remnant slug further on. If a quadrant of brain was missing, then we would have a part of a sausage, which would be a trail. Or praps most of the sausage was ejected, dunno.

Menninger in Mortal Error, p57..........  "Yet Humes had reported "multiple minute metal fragments"embedded in the skull and brain along the apparent flight path of the bullet."

p75....... (Dr Fisher).......... "Well, for one thing, the bullet that hit him in the head disintegrated completely. We saw nearly forty fragments throughout the right cerebral hemisphere and embedded in the interior of the skull."

4 hours ago, Pat Speer said:

It's true that an intact FMJ bullet doesn't leave a lead trail. That was bs pushed by Baden. But an FMJ bullet striking at an angle will explode and leave lead fragments at the entry site and just below the surface of the wound. The so-called trail of fragments is not a trail. It's a splat of fragments mostly almost entirely on the outside of the skull.

 

Surely all of the fragments (in xray) of Hickey's shot were on the inside of the skull.

And fragments (in xray) of Oswald's ricochet (shot-1) were on the outside, in the galea, on the back right.

8 hours ago, Jean Ceulemans said:

Sure about that ?

I thought the jacket was a 1-pc cup (a little longer than the leadcore), the lead core was placed in that cup, next the filled-"cup" was swaged around the lead core.

And there are a whole lot of different versions out there, from only lead, to copper plated, copper (and other metals) jacketed, etc

Just made a topic referring to an interesting page on the MC ammo

I remember reading that the brass jacket was made in 2 halves, ie a pipe & a cup, which were fused together, then filled with lead.

Thats why the ricochet of Oswald's shot-1 offa the signal arm caused the jacket to break away plus break into 2, allways duz.

I suppose that a LNer could say that Oswald could have manually cut slots in the nose of one of his rounds.

The Carcano slug is not a lead core wrapped in Cu, it is a Cu jacket (brass actually) filled with lead.

The Carcano had a full thick Cu jacket (brass), & the jacket woz made in 2 halves (sorry re the tautology). 

The AR15 woz probly a  hollow point, with thin Cu partial jacket (zero brass).

The AR15 disintegrated in jfk's head leaving lots of small fragments & some not so small, & one largish remnant slug would have exited.

5 hours ago, Peter Fokes said:

Here a bullet, there a bullet, everywhere a bullet.

Trouble is no one really knows how many bullets there were.

Dismissing one agent's story about "A" bullet because it contradicts another agent's story about "A" bullet begins with a false premise unless there is a DEFINITIVE count of bullets found.

And that is murky at best. Some bullets might have gone missing. Into the abyss.

A good scientific method is to make a hypothesis & then cherry pick the evidence that fits.

Oswald's shot-1. We found 2 half jackets in the limo. We found lead fragments in galea on back of jfk head (xray).

Oswald's shot-2. We found the (magic) bullet on a gurney. We found fragments in Connally.

Oswald did not fire his shot-3. We found one full round remaining in the Carcano.

Oswald had one old previously fired casing, found on the floor in the TSBD.

Hickey fired at least 4 times. Fragments found in jfk's head. Fragments found on windshield.

Some small lead fragments found in the limo might have been from shot-1 or from one of Hickey's shots.

The supposed Young fragment or bullet could have been from shot-1 if it was a fragment with no jacket -- or it could have been from Hickey's headshot if it was a small fragment.

Examining the whole evidence & trying to deduce a hypothesis can be a waste of time.

On 9/27/2023 at 1:16 AM, Michael Griffith said:

No SSA etc ever revealed that Hickey fired. One SSA said that the AR15 had not been fired (Floyd Boring). 

But we're not just talking about the other agents in the follow-up car. Kenny O'Donnell and Dave Powers were in that car. When O'Donnell revealed to Tip O'Neill that he had lied during his WC testimony and that he was certain some shots came from the grassy knoll, one would think that he would have also mentioned that one of the agents in the car fired his rifle if Hickey had in fact fired his rifle.

I have fired the AR-15 rifle many times. It is quite loud. When I fired the rifle in the Army, we were required to use ear plugs to protect our hearing. 

I cant  remember the details of Holland's ricochet theory, except that it was mostly silly, except that he was the first to realize that shot-1 had ricocheted offa the signal arm, at pseudo Z103 i think he said (i dont think he said Z132).

He says the first shot was fired during the 3-4-second gap between Z132 and Z133, or about 11.2-15.2 seconds before Z313. He puts the shooting time at 11.2 seconds, which means he's assuming the shot came a frame or two before Z133.

Also, we should keep in mind that even in this lone-gunman scenario, the gunman still would have had to go two for two in 5.6 seconds, something that not even the Master-rated riflemen in the WC's rifle test were able to do.

Firing when the 2" signal arm was possibly in the way was certainly silly, especially the two 3/4" guy rods & coupler (shot-1 hit a guyrod), especially the red yellow green signals & backboard. In 2013 Christopher who owns the original RYG signals & backboard confirmed that there is no bullet damage.

Well, yeah, if Oswald was half the rifleman that the WC claimed he was, he would not have fired with a metal pole intervening near JFK's upper body in his sight view, not to mention that the angle would have been virtually straight down. Even a gunman with minimal experience would not have fired at that time.

I think  Max Holland said Oswald's shot-1 was at pseudo Z103 (when jfk was in line with the signal arm).

Z103 to Oswald's shot-2 at Z218 is 115 frames at 18.3 fps which is 6.3 sec. But the trigger pulls would have been at Z102 & Z215 which is 113 frames which is 6.17 sec.

Then 94 frames to Z312 (Hickey's last shot) is another 5.14  sec.

6 hours ago, Donald Willis said:

I find the Hickey story intriguing, mainly because an LN on alt.assassination.jfk, Claviger by name, endorsed it, some years ago.  He still considered himself an LN because, even if the Hickey story were true, Hickey was not part of a conspiracy.  Like everyone before him (such as Dale Myers), Claviger made the trajectory fit his theory.  I couldn't quite get HOW, but it made me question all the other official and unofficial trajectories.  And, yes, not incidentally, Claviger also read my 12 points re DPD Insp. Sawyer, and agreed that he came off as somewhat of a loon.

I did read some wordage by claviger, including the wordage below. Some of it referred to a possible slamfire of the AR15, but a slamfire would have fired all of the rounds in the magazine (20 i think), no, it woznt a slamfire.

claviger Jun 1, 2020, 12:10:43 AM

Of course LHO initiated the first domino. After the 2nd shot hit the President SA Hickey figured out where the shots were coming from. He was tall to begin with and sitting on a suitcase. As a Marine in the South Pacific he had combat experience with island warfare killing snipers high and low. I think he spotted the sniper on the 6th floor and reached for the AR-15. He leaned forward and grabbed the new high-tech weapon provided by the President. As Hickey was in motion to ready this weapon for return fire SSA Hill stepped off the running board and sprinted to the Limousine. SSA Greer saw what he was doing in the mirror and tapped the brake so Hill could catch up. When SSA Kinney saw the brake lights on the Limousine, he hit the brakes on 679x causing SA Hickey to lose balance. When he did the jolt caused the slam-fire.

claviger May 8, 2020, 9:50:10 PM

All I know is slam-fire was a problem in Vietnam with the original AR15 made for the Air Force and tested in combat by the US Army. After much research experts decided the firing pin was too heavy and replaced it with a new firing pin that was a lighter weight. The Secret Service was given one of the USAF original AR-15 to carry in parade duty. That rifle had the original heavy firing pin. Evidently the AR-15 is still having slam-fire problems even with the new lighter firing pin.

Slamfire          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slamfire

What would cause an AR-15 to slam fire? https://www.zombiehunters.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=8923

Possible Slam-Fire on AR15 or a Accidental or Negligent Discharge?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7GGlScRPTg

ArmaLite provided original prototypes of the AR15 for standard US military field testing in the US and sent an allotment to Vietnam for combat testing. The ARVN really liked them a lot and US Advisers did too, but the slam fire issue was discovered over there. The CIC liked them because of the light weight, and the President was sent two USAF AR15 rifles. He gave one to the Secret Service detail for Presidential protection in parade duty. He took the other one to his bay house in Hyannis Port. So the SSA in the Dallas parade carried the original black USAF AR15 model before the firing pin issue was resolved. That prototype rifle had the original stick powder DuPont IMR 4475 generating 3,000 fps hypervelocity, causing devastating wound ballistics. The 1:14 AR-15 twist rate was lowered to 1:12 for the standard production M-16 with Olin Mathieson ball gunpowder that caused jamming problems.

AR-15            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArmaLite_AR-15

The Atlantic M-16: A Bureaucratic Horror Story        Why the rifles jammed     James Fallows June 1981 Issue

May 10, 2020, 3:38:41 AM

For once, I agree with you Marsh!

claviger  May 27, 2020, 10:07:20 AM  

Maryland Shooters > The Arsenal > Rifles > M1 Garand "slam fire"  M1 Garand "slam fire"

The issue with the M1 and Slam fires is that the firing pin floats and is not ... The M16/AR-15 has a little different setup, but it nets the same result, the ... and will leave a tiny dent, but there is little danger of a slamfire from a rifle ... Jul 12, 2010 - 16 posts - ‎13 authors

https://www.mdshooters.com/archive/index.php/t-39841.html

claviger   May 27, 2020, 1:22:16 PM  Nanook July 12th, 2010, 09:25 AM

Same issue can happen with the M-14 and M-16, and civilian copies. As noted above, make sure all the primers are seated properly and ALWAYS chamber a round with the rifle pointed downrange.

As we know the AR-15 had never been handled in a parade before, and the SSA were not aware it had a slam-fire problem. I believe SSA Greer could see SSA Hill in the rearview or side mirror running to climb on the Limousine and tapped the brakes to allow him to catch up, maybe when he slipped on his first try. When that happened SSA Kinney hit the brake hard, causing SA Hickey to fall forward. It is quite possible it was a chain reaction causing the AR-15 to make an accidental discharge.

bpete1969   May 28, 2020, 3:44:14 AM  Suppose Hickey fell forward...then what? What chain reaction? What was the chain reaction to cause a discharge of the weapon? Please explain...

Anthony Marsh  May 28, 2020, 3:44:18 AM

On 5/26/2020 11:22 PM, claviger wrote:

On Tuesday, May 26, 2020 at 7:07:20 PM UTC-5, claviger wrote:

Maryland Shooters > The Arsenal > Rifles > M1 Garand "slam fire" M1 Garand "slam fire"

The issue with the M1 and Slam fires is that the firing pin floats and is not ... The M16/AR-15 has a little different etup, but it nets the same  result, the ... and will leave a tiny dent, but there is little danger of  a slamfire from a rifle ... Jul 12, 2010 - 16 posts - ???13 authors

https://www.mdshooters.com/archive/index.php/t-39841.html

 Nanook July 12th, 2010, 09:25 AM  Same issue can happen with the M-14 and M-16, and civilian copies.  As noted above, make sure all the primers are seated properly and ALWAYS chamber a round with the rifle pointed downrange.  As we know the AR-15 had never been handled in a parade before, and the SSA were not aware it had a slam-fire problem. I believe SSA Greer could

No, you have never presented any proof that the SS knew of ANY defects with the AR-15. You make up crap to try to bolster your kook theory.

see SSA Hill in the rearview or side mirror running to climb on the  Limousine and tapped the brakes to allow him to catch up, maybe when he  slipped on his first try. When that happened SSA Kinney hit the brake Maybe,  hard, causing SA Hickey to fall forward. It is quite possible it was a That would not cause the AR-15 to fire. Hickey did not pick it up by the trigger.

10 hours ago, Michael Griffith said:

The Z224 lapel flip is probably an optical illusion. Even if it is not, it has nothing to do with the shooting because the bullet exited at least 11 inches from the lapel and 2 inches below the right nipple. There was a strong wind gusting in Dealey Plaza during the shooting. If the lapel flip is real, it was most likely caused by a gust of wind.

However, ask yourself this: Is it physically possible for a lapel to flip up and then down in 1/18th of a second? Really?

I made a giff of Lattimer's photos of his 1994 jacket bulge & lapel eversion test on the other forum. And below is some of my wordage. As can be seen the flip starts at 02 & ends at 16..........

Here are my latest estimates (done today) off Lattimer's 18 frames (actually 18 photos)(it was not a film)(camera took 30 pix/sec)(Lattimer's test dunn in 1994).
Its difficult to see what is what in Lattimer's 1994 frames (pix) – its partly guesswork.
The flap on the jacket on the 1994 dummy was much longer than the 1963 jacket, so i have divided the 1994 flap into the lower flap & the upper flap.
In the 1963 Zapruder frames the 1963 flap is in effect the upper flap in the 1994 frames.
I assumed that the 1963 slug hit Connally at Z220.0.  This accords with the max flip at Lattimer 07 (1994) happening at the same time as the flip in Z224 (1963).
We don’t see any debris cloud in the 1963 Zapruder frames – the exit outshoot on the 1963 jacket is hidden below the level of the 1963 limo door.
Frame … Time s … Bulge % … Lower/Upper [Flap Flip %] … Debris Cloud % … Zapruder Frame … Connally 1963 Flap.
…. 00 …. 0.0000 …. 000 ……….. 010 …. 000 ……………………………….. 075 ……………………. Z220.0 ….…. hidden by sign..
…. 01 …. 0.0333 …. 040 ………...010 …. 000 ……………………………….. 100 …………………... Z220.6 …….. hidden by sign..
…. 02 …. 0.0667 …. 070 ……….. 060 …. 010 ………………………………. 050 ……………………. Z221.2 … half hidden by sign..
…. 03 …. 0.1000 …. 100 ……….. 100 …. 010 ………………………………. 040 ……………………. Z221.8 … half hidden by sign..
…. 04 …. 0.1333 …. 100 …….... 100 …. 010 ………………………………. 030 ……………………. Z222.4 …….….... no flip ..
…. 05 …. 0.1667 …. 090 …….…. 100 …. 020 ……………………………... 010 ……………………. Z223.0 …….….... no flip ..
…. 06 …. 0.2000 …. 080 …….... 100 …. 050 ………………………………. 005 …………………….. Z223.7 …….….... no flip ..
…. 07 …. 0.2333 …. 070 ……….. 100 …. 100 …………………….………. 000 …………………….. Z224.3 …….. flipped ..
…. 08 …. 0.2667 …. 060 ……….. 100 …. 100 ………………………….…. 000 …………………….. Z224.9 …….. flipped ..
…. 09 …. 0.3000 …. 050 ……... 100 …. 100 …………………………….. 000 ……………….….…. Z225.4 …….. flipped ..
…. 10 …. 0.3333 …. 040 ……... 100 …. 080 …………………………….. 000 ……………….……. Z225.9 …….. flipped ..
…. 11 …. 0.3667 …. 030 ………. 100 …. 050 …………………………….. 000 ……………….…... Z226.8 …….. flipped ..
…. 12 …. 0.4000 …. 020 ………. 100 …. 030 ……………………………. 000 ……….…………... Z227.3 ……...….. blurred frame ..
…. 13 …. 0.4333 …. 020 ……... 080 …. 020 ……………………………... 000 ……….………….. Z227.9 ……...….. blurred frame..
…. 14 …. 0.4667 …. 010 ……... 050 …. 010 ……………………………... 000 …………….……. Z228.4 …….. hidden ..
…. 15 …. 0.5000 …. 010 ……... 030 …. 005 …………………….……….. 000 …………….….…. Z229.2 …….. hidden ..
…. 16 …. 0.5333 …. 000 ………. 020 …. 000 ……………….….…………. 000 …………….……. Z229.8 …….. hidden ..
…. 17 …. 0.5667 …. 000 ……... 010 …. 000 …………………..…………. 000 …………….……. Z2230.3 …….. hidden ..
…. …. …. 0.6000 …. ……. ……... …... …. …... …………………..…………. ..... …………….……. Z231.0 …….. hidden ..

8 hours ago, Norman T. Field said:

Perhaps you could just stop wasting our time with this disproven theory that does not align with other known facts?

Before i discovered the truth about Hickey i redd every thread on this forum (but not necessarily every comment), it took a long long time. I woz impressed with the intelligence of many commentors. And then i amazed myself when i made my discovery (albeit it woz only a slight upgrade on the truth discovered by Holland Donahue Menninger & McLaren).

And even now i hang around koz occasionally i find an amazing comment that makes it worthwhile........

....... For example, one member found that the Z footage showed a large piece of skull spinning in midair for a few frames, before landing inside the JFK limo (where it woz later found). 

...... For example one member found Connally's lapel eversion at Z224.

..... For example Brown said that the parade stopped for 30 sec on the on-ramp.

....... For example Hoffman confirmed Brown.

If u care to look, i have disproved the disproofs.

Re aligning with other known facts, it is difficult to tell the difference tween facts & factoids.

Testimonies & witnesses often contradict. In some cases they contradict themselves.

But i found it easy, i guess that i have a good BS meter.

29 minutes ago, Pete Mellor said:

Man, I avoid these types of threads, shooters, bullets, trajectories, wounds etc. 😵‍💫

However, if the JFKA was caused by an accidental flurry of shots by a SS agent, why did CIA send LHO to USSR & have him dance around Dallas & New Orleans with his FPCC Pro/Anti-Castro quick step, then rig impersonated Embassy phone calls in MC while arranging the loco call on Ms Odio?  What made LHO a 'useful idiot'?

Me, myself, i avoid anything to do with Mexico & Cuba & Russia & CIA & Mafia & LBJ. I dont see much profit re anything outside Dealey Plaza. I dont even care much re the Tippit saga. I am only speaking for myself, i dont mean that everyone else should stop wasting their time re CTs etc.

14 hours ago, Benjamin Cole said:

MR--

I will give you this: 

Gov. JBC, before the WC and the HSCA, testified that bullets were entering the cab of the presidential limo as if by "automatic weapons fire." 

JBC was familiar with fire-arms and single-shot bolt-action rifles. 

So there you go. 

The testimonies were funny. I could see that the SSAs had to hedge their bets. They did not know what facts would emerge, especially in the early days, so, they had to be carefull, carefull not to be obviously caught lying. So, we see lots of half truths in their testimonies. Flurry of shots is mentioned i think 20 times.

The poor old AR15 was put into service for the first time at about 11am, killed jfk at 12:30, & was taken out of service at about 3pm, & no AR15 has ever been used up to today. The SS continued to use tommy guns (maching guns). If u look at youtube of the attempted Reagan assassination u will see a SSA with a tommy gun run & stand with back to a wall watching all around, but no AR15.

5 hours ago, Rich Taylor said:

Don't you think an unsilenced AR-15 would be heard from those in the car when discharged? Back to the main thread.

No SSA etc ever spilled the beans re Hickey. Some denied the Hickey theory. Old threads are full of wordage re how sometimes under stress humans dont hear or dont remember hearing, there is even some wordage re how under stress sometimes humans dont realize that they have been shot.

40 minutes ago, Michael Crane said:

Oh no,are you serious?  I'm going to head on down to the Bass Pro Shop in our city & asked them if they got any of these kind bullets in stock.

 

I doubt that that drawing is from the WC.

Anyhow, if u draw a single straight line from just below back of jfk's neck to Connally's thigh then its easy to see that the 7 entry/exit wounds easily line up (in plan view)(& in every view). And the SBT has been supported by tests with dummys.

Lattimer in 1994 showed that Connally's jacket could not have bulged & that the lapel could not have everted unless the slug had firstly tumbled before entering Connally, ie the slug had to have hit jfk first.

4 hours ago, Michael Griffith said:

Marjan and Holland both reject a conspiracy and both reject the acoustical evidence, so they don't care that the DPD dictabelt did not record a burst of semi-automatic gunfire from the follow-up car. 

And it boggles the mind to try to imagine how a bullet that glanced off the bottom of the guy rod could have sent a fragment streaking toward the Tague curb and also sent fragments toward the pavement behind the limousine that could have ricocheted upward and hit JFK in the back of the head (to account for the back-of-head fragments seen on the autopsy x-rays, since we know that no FMJ bullet would have deposited fragments on the outer table of the skull).

I have never bothered with the acoustical evidence (dictabelt), except that it duznt include any of the shots in that 11 sec period.

Tague was injured by the first shot of Hickey's auto-burst, at say Z305.

The ricochet at pseudo Z103 caused the bullet to break into 3 parts, as per modern tests......

The lead slug lost its jacket, & put a hole thru the floorpan of the JFKlimo.

The jacket broke in 2 (as usual)(it is made in 2 halves), found in JFKlimo.

There was a spray of smaller lead fragments (seen in xray in galea in back of JFK's head).

5 hours ago, Michael Griffith said:

And the fact that nobody who was in the car with Hickey heard him fire his rifle? Were they all lying? O'Donnell spilled his beans to Tip O'Neill years later, revealing that he heard shots from the knoll, but even then he said nothing about Hickey firing his rifle. AR-15s are rather loud. If Hickey had fired his, everyone in his car would have heard it.

Holland's "first-shot" ricochet theory is far fetched. Holland apparently never stopped to consider that firing a shot before Z133 would have required a virtually straight-down angle of fire. Frazier explained that even a shot fired at Z161 from the sixth-floor window would have required a downward angle of 40 degrees. A sixth-floor gunman firing during the 3-4-second gap between Z132 and Z133, as Holland theorizes, would have had to fire at an even sharper downward angle, practically straight down.

And why in the world would any sixth-floor gunman have fired at JFK when the traffic signal's guy arm was close to JFK in his field of view/sight view? It just makes no sense.

No SSA etc ever revealed that Hickey fired. One SSA said that the AR15 had not been fired (Floyd Boring). 

I cant  remember the details of Holland's ricochet theory, except that it was mostly silly, except that he was the first to realize that shot-1 had ricocheted offa the signal arm, at pseudo Z103 i think he said (i dont think he said Z132).

Firing when the 2" signal arm was possibly in the way was certainly silly, especially the two 3/4" guy rods & coupler (shot-1 hit a guyrod), especially the red yellow green signals & backboard. In 2013 Christopher who owns the original RYG signals & backboard confirmed that there is no bullet damage.

Michael Griffith in 2002 wrote the following wordage which supports that Oswald's shot-1 hit JFK at pseudo Z103 & that he exclaimed my god i have been hit ...................

Mr. FRAZIER. The higher velocity bullets of approximately the same weight would have more killing power. This has a low velocity. . . . (3 H 414, emphasis added)

As stated earlier, I asked several medical examiners about the likelihood that an FMJ bullet would leave dozens of fragments inside a skull. The two medical examiners who replied, Dr. Jimmy W. Green and Dr. Eric Berg, both indicated they felt this was unlikely. Dr. Green said that "almost all FMJ bullets fired from rifles of medium to high velocity do not fragment with numerous pieces. . . ." Dr. Berg was even more skeptical that an FMJ bullet would leave numerous fragments in a skull, and he quoted from Dr. Vincent DiMaio's book Gunshot Wounds. That quote is worth repeating, and note that Dr. DiMaio says that even in cases where an FMJ bullet perforates bone only rarely will the missile leave fragments, and that even then the fragments will be "few":

In x-rays of through-and-through gunshot wounds, the presence of small fragments of metal along the wound track virtually rules out full metal-jacketed ammunition.. . . In rare instances, involving full metal-jacketed centerfire rifle bullets, a few small, dust-like fragments of lead may be seen on x-ray if the bullet perforates bone. One of the most characteristic x-rays and one that will indicate the type of weapon and ammunition used is that seen from centerfire rifles firing hunting ammunition. In such a case, one will see a "lead snowstorm". . . . Such a picture rules out full metal-jacketed rifle ammunition or a shotgun slug. (Gunshot Wounds, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999, p. 318, emphasis added)

Another Bullet Fragment in the Back of the Head

When the HSCA had outside experts examine the autopsy skull x-rays, the experts discovered a bullet fragment that had not been noted before. Dr. G. M. McDonnel discovered the fragment. He noted it was embedded in the galea, which is a layer located between the scalp and the skull, and that it was slightly to the left of the 6.5 mm object. This fragment is further evidence that Kennedy's head was struck by ricochet material from a bullet that struck the pavement. As absurd as the shearing explanation is for the 6.5 mm object, it's even more absurd for this second fragment, since this fragment is located to the left of the 6.5 mm object and is embedded in a different layer. Donahue argued this fragment must have come from the bullet that several witnesses saw strike the pavement. He concluded there was no other credible explanation for the fragment's presence and location:

. . . details surfaced in the committee's own documents that indicated Kennedy very likely was hit by not one, but rather a barrage of ricochet fragments.

The medical evidence appendix published in early 1979 contained reports from two radiologists who'd independently examined the President's skull X rays. One of these physicians, Dr. G. M. McDonnel of Los Angeles, wrote that in addition to the Fisher fragment [the 6.5 mm object], he'd identified a second bullet piece on the exterior of Kennedy's skull. McDonnel's fragment was smaller than Fisher's and located slightly to its left. Unlike the Fisher fragment, this new shard was not attached to the bone but was embedded in the galea, the tough, rubbery membrane between the scalp and the skull.

The presence of this second bullet piece obviously strengthened Donahue's conclusions about the first-shot ricochet. So too did information provided by the second outside expert, Dr. David O. Davis, chairman of the radiology department at George Washington University Hospital. Davis wrote that his examination of the X rays revealed a number of skull fragments that appeared to be dispersed across the right side of Kennedy's head in such a way as to suggest they were located not inside the skull, but outside it, embedded in the scalp.

Davis said he was at a loss to explain where these fragments might have come from and his startling suggestion that the right side of Kennedy's scalp may have been peppered with lead did not make it into the medical panel's final report. As for the fragment discovered by McDonnel, the panel asserted this fragment, like Fisher's, had probably sheared off the fatal bullet on impact.

McDonnel, however, apparently was not totally in accord with this explanation. Instead, he proposed the two fragments may have somehow worked their way back out through the entrance wound and attached themselves to the outside of the skull and galea during the transport and handling of the President's body.

To Donahue, this explanation was even more absurd than Baden's shear interpretation, since it would have been virtually impossible for the pieces to migrate from the point of the bullet's disintegration through the shredded, semisolid brain mass all the way back to the entrance wound, then pass through the small hole to affix themselves finally outside the skull. . . .

Donahue . . . believed that the location of the fragments on both the rear and now the side of Kennedy's head precluded any possibility except a ricochet. (Menninger, Mortal Error, pp. 160-161)

There is no way to explain the presence of this additional fragment in the back of the head in the context of the Warren Commission's lone-gunman scenario. Donahue was almost certainly correct: The fragment must have come from the bullet that several witnesses saw strike the pavement near the limousine when the limousine was passing beneath the oak tree or from another additional bullet that was fired during the assassination. It most certainly did not come from an FMJ bullet that struck Kennedy in the back of the head.

9 minutes ago, Pat Speer said:

FWIW, I destroyed McLaren's arguments in a couple of threads shortly after his terrible TV show was broadcast. He then contacted me and told me Americans like me are the reason the case hasn't been solved, and defied me to publish his response. I did, of course. 

Here is my review of his show, and his response. https://www.patspeer.com/the-smoking-gun-that-lied-a-review-of-jfk-the-smoking-gun

The first shot was Oswald's shot-1, which ricocheted off the overhead signal support arm at say pseudo Z103. So, i agree with u, McLaren's version of shot-1 is (partly) wrong.

The SBT is correct, & u are wrong. For one thing, Lattimer showed that Connally's lapel eversion was impossible unless Oswald's shot-2 firstly passed thru JFK.

I have shown that the Hickey deniers claims about Hickey in the Bronson footage are false -- in fact Bronson (in the inferior 2017 frames) shows Hickey standing up & falling down & holding the AR15. The superior 2019 frames would confirm this even better, if anyone cares to have a look (if T6FM allow).

Powers never ever denied that Hickey shot JFK -- & your wordage confirms this.

Somehow Donahue & Menninger & McLaren all failed to see that Hickey fired an auto-burst, not just the fatal Z312 shot.

So, we have an attempted assassination by Oswald.

And an accidental homicide by Hickey. It was bad luck, he was just doing his job.

31 minutes ago, Michael Crane said:

You have eye & ear witnesses and none came forward.

I went back and checked your stuff & Hickey is well passed the kill zone.

JFK was in Jackie's lap pretty soon after frame 313.

McLaren mentions lots of eye ear nose witnesses.

The timing of Bronson's frames showing Hickey (standing  & falling & holding the AR 15) depends on the estimated footfalls of a lady in the Zapruder frames & the same lady in the Bronson frames. I checked -- the Hickey deniers' timings are wrong.

14 minutes ago, Benjamin Cole said:

MR-

Of course, I was here presenting a review of a throughly researched book of the JFKA case. That does not mean every facet or JFKA theory was addressed. 

As for Hickey's burst, or single shot, from an AR-15, I see no photographic or witness evidence for it. 

McLaren in JFK The Smoking Gun provides lots of evidence for Hickey shooting (witnesses). I can add................

(1) JFK's head exploding (ie due to a hi velocity hollow point).

(2) The dent in the chrome trim.

(3) The Bronson footage shows Hickey standing, & falling, & holding AR15.

6 hours ago, Michael Crane said:

Sorry Marjan.

I wouldn't buy that story with a fake $50.00.

Give me one (good) reason why my Hickey fired an auto-burst theory must be wrong. One good reason kills it. One good reason kills any theory (as usual).
I could easily write a book re (mainly) the Hickey saga. Cost of printing would be say $20. Yes, i might do it.

I am presently getting a 450 page A4 book printed for $40.

On 9/23/2023 at 9:46 AM, Vince Palamara said:

Hi! Old news (this is the Thomas Atkins film; pretty commonly used in documentaries). This is all there is.

Other threads tell us (show us)(clear photo) that there was no hole in the windshield at Parkland (there was some damage only) -- & shows a dent in the chrome trim.

The Atkins film duz not have a clear frame showing a hole or damage or dent. But it has say 3 sequences showing the accidental killer, Hickey.

4 hours ago, Joe Bauer said:

It seems to me that Hickey didn't raise his automatic rifle until after the JFK head shot.

And Clint Hill himself was in the line of fire when Hickey started blasting away...correct?

 

Hickey's auto burst was from say Z305 to Z312, less than 0.5 sec. Hill was hitting the tarmac at Z305, & he was galloping & level with the front wheel of Queen Mary at Z312, hence he did not see or hear Hickey's auto-burst. 

The AR15 was near the centerline of Queen Mary, & no-one was in the way of the blasting, except JFK.

I have shown in other threads that the Bronson footage shows that Hickey had stood up, had fallen back, & was holding the AR15, at some of the critical times. Claims by others that the Bronson footage kills the Hickey theory have been shown to be wrong, by me.