For the "Cognitively Impaired"

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tom,

Another good thread. Just a couple of questions for the moment:

Firstly, is there any proof that a bullet struck a branch of the oak tree?

Secondly, why did the pathologists performing the autopsy fail to find one of the two entrance wounds on the back of the skull?

(To fail to find one entrance/exit wound in the throat could be put down to bad luck. To fail to find two entrance/exit wounds looks like complete incompetence!)

Did I get it all?

Onward.

The small fragment which exited the anterior throat is that fragment which was found in the left rear floorboard of the Presidential Limosine.

It was a cone-shaped, flat-based fragment which had elongated striations along it's lateral length, and measured approximately 4.5mm in width at it's flat base.

The fragment was weighed by FBI Agent Robert Frazier, who identified it as "POSS Q1"/aka Possibly from CE399, and found that it was 0.9grain in weight.

The fragment was removed from the FBI Ballistics lab by William Sullivan, and disappeared.*

(See CE840, before & after)

The base of CE399 had impact damage to the base of the bullet at that point where a portion of the copper jacket partially covers the bullet base.

When the bullet was turned over to the National Archives, the bullet was intact in this area.

However, when the HSCA went to get this bullet for examination, someone who had access to this evidence had removed (apparantly by utilization of a small file) that portion of the copper jacket which normally covers a portion of the base of the bullet, and which portion of the bullet contained the impact damage.

Just for comparison:

Weight of CE399 upon examination:---------------------------------------------------------------158.6 grains

Weight loss to a WCC Carcano bullet due merely to having been fired:----------------------- 0.67 grains

Weight of missing fragment to CE840:--------------------------------------------------------- + 0.9 grains

---------------------------------------------------------------------Total:------------------------ 160.17 grains

The WCC 6.5mm Carcano bullet is rated as a 160 grain bullet.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

In no specific order, we have:

Drawing depicting how a portion of the copper jacket of a WCC 6.5mm Carcano bullet normally covers a portion of the base of the bullet, thusly leaving a 4.5mm width area of the lead core showing.

A comparative drawing which would demonstrate the base of the bullet with that portion of the copper jacket which normally covers a portion of the base of the bullet removed.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Photograph of the base of a 6.5mm Carcano bullet which shows the 4.5mm width portion of the lead core visible, as well as the copper jacket which partially covers a portion of the lead core at the base of the bullet.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Photographs of the base of CE399.

Photograph of the base of the bullet when it was turned over to the National Archives and that portion of hte copper jacket which normally covers a portion of the lead core of the bullet, and which also had "impact damage", still present on the bullet.

Photograph of the base of CE399 at the time that the HSCA went to get this bullet to examine it.

Between that time that the FBI/WC had given this bullet to the National Archives, and the HSCA Investigation, someone had entered the National Archives and "mechanically" removed that portion of the copper jacket at the base of the bullet which demonstrated the impact damage, as well as partially covered the base of the bullet.

Thusly exposing the entire lead core of the bullet, in which around the outer circumference of the lead core one can see the "impression" of the lead from it's prior contact with the now missing portion of the copper jacket.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

A better quality enlarged photo of the base of CE399 as found by the HSCA.

Note the small black indentation in the lead down at the bottom right hand corner.

This is exactly where the impact damage to the once existing copper jacket at the bullet

base was.

I "duplicated" this exact feat with a small "rat-tail" file in which the copper jacket around the perimeter of the bullet was filed down, thus leaving the entire lead core intact as well as the flat/sharp edges of the remaining copper jacket.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Punch-Type entry through JFK's shirt.

This photo is PRIOR to any testing and/or fabric removal by the FBI Lab.

Note that the "punch-type" area of fabric removal closely resembles the deformed base of CE399.

Without digging for my own ballistic testing photo's , it should suffice to say that this IS NOT a typical entry through fabric for a rounded nosed projectile.

One can check with any Forensic Pathologists and find that it would be extremely unusual for a medium to high velocity bullet of the 6.5mm caliber to remove fabric and carry it down into the wound of entry.

Yet, this is exactly what was found with the back wound of JFK.

And, all that one has to do is think "Paper Punch" of 4mm X 7mm in size.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Comparison:

Top is the entry wound into the back of JFK.

Bottom is the deformed base of CE399.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Punch-Type entry through JFK's shirt.

This photo is PRIOR to any testing and/or fabric removal by the FBI Lab.

Note that the "punch-type" area of fabric removal closely resembles the deformed base of CE399.

Without digging for my own ballistic testing photo's , it should suffice to say that this IS NOT a typical entry through fabric for a rounded nosed projectile.

One can check with any Forensic Pathologists and find that it would be extremely unusual for a medium to high velocity bullet of the 6.5mm caliber to remove fabric and carry it down into the wound of entry.

Yet, this is exactly what was found with the back wound of JFK.

And, all that one has to do is think "Paper Punch" of 4mm X 7mm in size.

Well!

Since I found my 6.5mm Carcano bullet penetration through a shirt photo, may as well offer some "comparison shopping".

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tom,

Another good thread. Just a couple of questions for the moment:

Firstly, is there any proof that a bullet struck a branch of the oak tree?

Secondly, why did the pathologists performing the autopsy fail to find one of the two entrance wounds on the back of the skull?

(To fail to find one entrance/exit wound in the throat could be put down to bad luck. To fail to find two entrance/exit wounds looks like complete incompetence!)

Did I get it all?

Onward.

The small fragment which exited the anterior throat is that fragment which was found in the left rear floorboard of the Presidential Limosine.

It was a cone-shaped, flat-based fragment which had elongated striations along it's lateral length, and measured approximately 4.5mm in width at it's flat base.

The fragment was weighed by FBI Agent Robert Frazier, who identified it as "POSS Q1"/aka Possibly from CE399, and found that it was 0.9grain in weight.

The fragment was removed from the FBI Ballistics lab by William Sullivan, and disappeared.*

(See CE840, before & after)

The base of CE399 had impact damage to the base of the bullet at that point where a portion of the copper jacket partially covers the bullet base.

When the bullet was turned over to the National Archives, the bullet was intact in this area.

However, when the HSCA went to get this bullet for examination, someone who had access to this evidence had removed (apparantly by utilization of a small file) that portion of the copper jacket which normally covers a portion of the base of the bullet, and which portion of the bullet contained the impact damage.

Just for comparison:

Weight of CE399 upon examination:---------------------------------------------------------------158.6 grains

Weight loss to a WCC Carcano bullet due merely to having been fired:----------------------- 0.67 grains

Weight of missing fragment to CE840:--------------------------------------------------------- + 0.9 grains

---------------------------------------------------------------------Total:------------------------ 160.17 grains

The WCC 6.5mm Carcano bullet is rated as a 160 grain bullet.

And here, we have CE840 as initially photographed by the FBI, with our little "jewel" everpresent.

[Tony Austin]

Tom,

Thanks for answering my questions. I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

The idea of a fragment of the bullet continuing forward and out through the front of the trachea also makes sense. The neck would was described by Dr Malcolm Perry as being small in diameter (3 to 5mm) compared to the size of the bullet, a feature which usually suggests a wound of entry, but at the same time he described it as being a little ragged, a feature which usually suggests a wound of exit. However, a wound caused by an exiting fragment could make a ragged exit wound and it could still create a wound of small diameter.

You mentioned that the pathologists could not see the higher of the two entrance wounds because that portion of the skull had been blown out by the second shot to the head. However, you comment that the skull xrays do show the higher entrance wound on the back of the head and you suggest that in the later stages of the autopsy the missing pieces were probably brought in and put back into position and xrayed. The report written by the FBI agent in attendance (O'Neill) states that photographs and xrays were taken at the very beginning before the pathologists started the autopsy so there should be an xray showing a large area of skull missing including the higher entrance wound, so what happened to that xray? The FBI agent later reports fragments of skull arriving later and being xrayed but he never mentions fragments being put back into position and xrayed.

If skull fragments were placed back into their orginal position and xrayed I am surprised that the pathologists did not make use of this important information and incorporate it into their final report.

Tony

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tom,

Thanks for answering my questions. I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

The idea of a fragment of the bullet continuing forward and out through the front of the trachea also makes sense. The neck would was described by Dr Malcolm Perry as being small in diameter (3 to 5mm) compared to the size of the bullet, a feature which usually suggests a wound of entry, but at the same time he described it as being a little ragged, a feature which usually suggests a wound of exit. However, a wound caused by an exiting fragment could make a ragged exit wound and it could still create a wound of small diameter.

You mentioned that the pathologists could not see the higher of the two entrance wounds because that portion of the skull had been blown out by the second shot to the head. However, you comment that the skull xrays do show the higher entrance wound on the back of the head and you suggest that in the later stages of the autopsy the missing pieces were probably brought in and put back into position and xrayed. The report written by the FBI agent in attendance (O'Neill) states that photographs and xrays were taken at the very beginning before the pathologists started the autopsy so there should be an xray showing a large area of skull missing including the higher entrance wound, so what happened to that xray? The FBI agent later reports fragments of skull arriving later and being xrayed but he never mentions fragments being put back into position and xrayed.

If skull fragments were placed back into their orginal position and xrayed I am surprised that the pathologists did not make use of this important information and incorporate it into their final report.

Tony

As anyone who has followed the history of these events is aware, when everyone called it quites the morning of 11/23/63, the answer was that the bullet only lodged a shor distance into the back.

This only changed after Dr. Humes had spoken with Dr. Perry, and they had no explanation as to what caused the anterior throat wound.

(Or, just perhaps they did!)

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tom,

Thanks for answering my questions. I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

The idea of a fragment of the bullet continuing forward and out through the front of the trachea also makes sense. The neck would was described by Dr Malcolm Perry as being small in diameter (3 to 5mm) compared to the size of the bullet, a feature which usually suggests a wound of entry, but at the same time he described it as being a little ragged, a feature which usually suggests a wound of exit. However, a wound caused by an exiting fragment could make a ragged exit wound and it could still create a wound of small diameter.

You mentioned that the pathologists could not see the higher of the two entrance wounds because that portion of the skull had been blown out by the second shot to the head. However, you comment that the skull xrays do show the higher entrance wound on the back of the head and you suggest that in the later stages of the autopsy the missing pieces were probably brought in and put back into position and xrayed. The report written by the FBI agent in attendance (O'Neill) states that photographs and xrays were taken at the very beginning before the pathologists started the autopsy so there should be an xray showing a large area of skull missing including the higher entrance wound, so what happened to that xray? The FBI agent later reports fragments of skull arriving later and being xrayed but he never mentions fragments being put back into position and xrayed.

If skull fragments were placed back into their orginal position and xrayed I am surprised that the pathologists did not make use of this important information and incorporate it into their final report.

Tony

As anyone who has followed the history of these events is aware, when everyone called it quites the morning of 11/23/63, the answer was that the bullet only lodged a shor distance into the back.

This only changed after Dr. Humes had spoken with Dr. Perry, and they had no explanation as to what caused the anterior throat wound.

(Or, just perhaps they did!)

Did anyone get the License Plate number of that autopsy report which purportedly stated that a "fragment" came out the anterior neck?

Don't believe that I ever got to see that one.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tom,

Another good thread. Just a couple of questions for the moment:

Firstly, is there any proof that a bullet struck a branch of the oak tree?

Secondly, why did the pathologists performing the autopsy fail to find one of the two entrance wounds on the back of the skull?

(To fail to find one entrance/exit wound in the throat could be put down to bad luck. To fail to find two entrance/exit wounds looks like complete incompetence!)

Did I get it all?

Onward.

The small fragment which exited the anterior throat is that fragment which was found in the left rear floorboard of the Presidential Limosine.

It was a cone-shaped, flat-based fragment which had elongated striations along it's lateral length, and measured approximately 4.5mm in width at it's flat base.

The fragment was weighed by FBI Agent Robert Frazier, who identified it as "POSS Q1"/aka Possibly from CE399, and found that it was 0.9grain in weight.

The fragment was removed from the FBI Ballistics lab by William Sullivan, and disappeared.*

(See CE840, before & after)

The base of CE399 had impact damage to the base of the bullet at that point where a portion of the copper jacket partially covers the bullet base.

When the bullet was turned over to the National Archives, the bullet was intact in this area.

However, when the HSCA went to get this bullet for examination, someone who had access to this evidence had removed (apparantly by utilization of a small file) that portion of the copper jacket which normally covers a portion of the base of the bullet, and which portion of the bullet contained the impact damage.

Just for comparison:

Weight of CE399 upon examination:---------------------------------------------------------------158.6 grains

Weight loss to a WCC Carcano bullet due merely to having been fired:----------------------- 0.67 grains

Weight of missing fragment to CE840:--------------------------------------------------------- + 0.9 grains

---------------------------------------------------------------------Total:------------------------ 160.17 grains

The WCC 6.5mm Carcano bullet is rated as a 160 grain bullet.

And here, we have CE840 as initially photographed by the FBI, with our little "jewel" everpresent.

Now you see me, now you don't.

Until such time as I informed them, most persons were under the impression that the missing fragment from CE840, which was not found out until such time as the HSCA went to the National Archives to recover the evidence, had disappeared from the National Archives.

Unfortunately, not so.

The fragement was removed from the FBI Ballistics laboratory by William Sullivan.

What is most curious about the fragments within the National Archieve is the fact that the packet which contained the lead fragments removed from Governor Connally's wrist, had been opened while in the Archives.

In that regards, one just may wish to read up on the "Aluminum" in the NAA samples as discussed here in regards to the primer of the cartridge casings.

[Antti Hynonen]

Tony Austin Posted Yesterday, 09:53 PM

Tom,

Thanks for answering my questions. I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

The idea of a fragment of the bullet continuing forward and out through the front of the trachea also makes sense. The neck would was described by Dr Malcolm Perry as being small in diameter (3 to 5mm) compared to the size of the bullet, a feature which usually suggests a wound of entry, but at the same time he described it as being a little ragged, a feature which usually suggests a wound of exit. However, a wound caused by an exiting fragment could make a ragged exit wound and it could still create a wound of small diameter.

You mentioned that the pathologists could not see the higher of the two entrance wounds because that portion of the skull had been blown out by the second shot to the head. However, you comment that the skull xrays do show the higher entrance wound on the back of the head and you suggest that in the later stages of the autopsy the missing pieces were probably brought in and put back into position and xrayed. The report written by the FBI agent in attendance (O'Neill) states that photographs and xrays were taken at the very beginning before the pathologists started the autopsy so there should be an xray showing a large area of skull missing including the higher entrance wound, so what happened to that xray? The FBI agent later reports fragments of skull arriving later and being xrayed but he never mentions fragments being put back into position and xrayed.

If skull fragments were placed back into their orginal position and xrayed I am surprised that the pathologists did not make use of this important information and incorporate it into their final report.

Tony

I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

I wonder why this bullet, allegedly lodged in Kennedy's neck was not x-rayed or otherwise discovered or mentioned in any reports. It would have clearly made the "official story" stronger, meaning a single shooter from high and behind the victim. This should have been a fairly trivial matter to ascertain, even in 1963, even by less experienced autopsists. I recall reading that this shallow wound was "probed". If so, the instrument would have struck the bullet, no? One would think that the person performing the probing would have stated that the instrument used, struck something hard, likely a bullet. At any rate he should have made some type of note of this.

Additionally I am confused as to what exactly would cause this tumbling bullet, that lost so much kinetic energy, to lose this fragment, once it had - as stated - lost enough energy to no longer have the required energy to traverse a human body?

I see that it would be more natural for the entire bullet to remain lodged somewhere in the body, than for the bulk of it to remain lodged inside and for a small fragment to continue on a path of its own, no?

Edited February 27, 2008 by Antti Hynonen

[Thomas H. Purvis]

Tony Austin Posted Yesterday, 09:53 PM

Tom,

Thanks for answering my questions. I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

The idea of a fragment of the bullet continuing forward and out through the front of the trachea also makes sense. The neck would was described by Dr Malcolm Perry as being small in diameter (3 to 5mm) compared to the size of the bullet, a feature which usually suggests a wound of entry, but at the same time he described it as being a little ragged, a feature which usually suggests a wound of exit. However, a wound caused by an exiting fragment could make a ragged exit wound and it could still create a wound of small diameter.

You mentioned that the pathologists could not see the higher of the two entrance wounds because that portion of the skull had been blown out by the second shot to the head. However, you comment that the skull xrays do show the higher entrance wound on the back of the head and you suggest that in the later stages of the autopsy the missing pieces were probably brought in and put back into position and xrayed. The report written by the FBI agent in attendance (O'Neill) states that photographs and xrays were taken at the very beginning before the pathologists started the autopsy so there should be an xray showing a large area of skull missing including the higher entrance wound, so what happened to that xray? The FBI agent later reports fragments of skull arriving later and being xrayed but he never mentions fragments being put back into position and xrayed.

If skull fragments were placed back into their orginal position and xrayed I am surprised that the pathologists did not make use of this important information and incorporate it into their final report.

Tony

I believe the idea of a bullet going through a tree branch does make sense because the bullet that stuck Kennedy in the upper back would have needed to lose a lot of kinetic energy if it was to only penetrate a short distance and fail to exit as the pathologists originally believed.

I wonder why this bullet, allegedly lodged in Kennedy's neck was not x-rayed or otherwise discovered or mentioned in any reports. It would have clearly made the "official story" stronger, meaning a single shooter from high and behind the victim. This should have been a fairly trivial matter to ascertain, even in 1963, even by less experienced autopsists. I recall reading that this shallow wound was "probed". If so, the instrument would have struck the bullet, no? One would think that the person performing the probing would have stated that the instrument used, struck something hard, likely a bullet. At any rate he should have made some type of note of this.

Additionally I am confused as to what exactly would cause this tumbling bullet, that lost so much kinetic energy, to lose this fragment, once it had - as stated - lost enough energy to no longer have the required energy to traverse a human body?

I see that it would be more natural for the entire bullet to remain lodged somewhere in the body, than for the bulk of it to remain lodged inside and for a small fragment to continue on a path of its own, no?

1. At any time when Arlen Specter went out of his way to "overprove" something, one had best watch their wallet.

As with CE399 and exactly which stretcher it was found on.

March 16, 1964:

Mr. SPECTER - There has been other evidence, Mr. DULLES - If I may say at this point, we shall produce later, subject to sequential proof, evidence that the stretcher on which this bullet was found was the stretcher of Governor Connally. We have a sequence of events on the transmission of that stretcher which ties that down reasonably closely, so that on the night of the autopsy itself, as the information I have been developing indicates, the thought preliminarily was that was from President Kennedy's stretcher, and that is what led to the hypothesis which we have been exploring about but which has since been rejected. But at any rate the evidence will show that it was from Governor Connally's stretcher that the bullet was found.

---------------------------------------------

Testimony Of R. J. Jimison

The testimony of R. J. Jimison was taken at 2:35 p.m., on March 21, 1964, at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Tex., by Mr. Arlen Specter, assistant counsel of the President's Commission.

Mr. SPECTER - Did you notice any bullets on the stretcher?

Mr. JIMISON - I never noticed any at all.

--------------------------------------------------------

Testimony Of Mrs. Henrietta M. Ross

The testimony of Mrs. Henrietta M. Ross was taken at 6:50 p.m., on March 25, 1964, at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Tex., by Mr. Arlen Specter, assistant counsel of the President's Commission.

Mrs. Ross has been asked to appear and testify concerning her knowledge about the stretcher cart on which Governor Connally was transported while in the hospital.

Mr. SPECTER - And what was done with the stretcher cart after they rolled Governor Connally off of it?

Mrs. ROSS - It was pushed back up toward room 3.

Mr. SPECTER - Is that toward the elevator?

Mrs. ROSS - Yes, sir.

Mr. SPECTER - And by whom was it pushed?

Mrs. ROSS - Jimison.

Mr. SPECTER - R. J. Jimison?

Mrs. ROSS - I don't know Jimison's initials, sir.

Mr. SPECTER - He's one of the orderlies there?

Mrs. ROSS - Yes, sir.

Mr. SPECTER - And where did you last see the stretcher?

Mrs. ROSS - In front of room 3.

Mr. SPECTER - Did Jimison have it in his control at that time?

Mrs. ROSS - The last time I looked he was pushing it; yes, sir.

Mr. SPECTER - Have you talked to the Secret Service about this?

Mrs. ROSS - Yes, sir.

Mr. SPECTER - On how many occasions?

Mrs. ROSS - One time.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Testimony Of Darrell C. Tomlinson

The testimony of Darrell C. Tomlinson was taken on March 20, 1964, at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Tex., by Mr. Arlen Specter, assistant counsel of the President's Commission.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kind of like "I said it was Red, now will someone give me a bucket of red paint so that I can go to Dallas and show you that I was correct".

Of course, Mr. Specter sort of "pre-painted"/pre-selected and prequestioned those whom he wanted to question prior to being "on the record".

2. It should be further noted the Arlen Specter had access to FBI as well as SS reports, and virtually every witness of any consequence was "pre-questioned" prior to Spector taking their official and recorded testimony.

Arlen Specter was a "master" at not-asking the correct questions and avoiding those subjects which he/they/the WC did not want brought out. Just as he was a master of asking the correct question of the wrong witness while not asking the correct witness the correct question.

In addition, Specter also had Gerald Ford running "interference" for him, in that at any time if one of the other WC members (who was there but not actually in the game plan) broached into subjects which Specter and Company wanted kept quiet, then Ford and/or others would interject questions and lead the testimony/questioning away from the subject matter.

Now!

1. Fracture and fragmentation of the right transverse process of the C7 vertebrae.

2. Either metallic residue and/or small pieces of bone lateral to the transverse process.

3. The entire trachea (as well as the vertebrae) deviated to the left from the impact.

4. Small impact damage to the base of CE399

5. Small amount of the lead core missing from CE399/aka CE840 fragment sheared off.

6. Gouging and scratch marks into the lead core at the base of CE399

7. Small tear in right lateral wall of trachea. (caused by exiting lead core fragment)

Had a full velocity bullet even touched the end of the C7 vertebrae (transverse process), the energy would have ripped the bone to pieces, knocked the spine and fragments of the vertebtrae completely out of their position, and tore JFK's neck to pieces as well, just as did the bullet which struck JBC in the right fifth rib, and even it had diminished velocity due to other impact prior to striking JBC.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atypical

atypical

not typical : irregular, unusual

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For those who are unaware, Dr. Boswell is of record as having stated that the back wound of JFK was "atypical".

Which, to say the least, is relatively correct and accurate.

Top Photo:

1. The back entry wound of JFK was a "punch-type" wound of entry with relatively clean cut edges.

(think "paper punch)

2. The back entry wound of JFK was a "punch-type" wound of entry which measured 4mm X 7mm , with the larger measurement being the horizontal axis of the wound.

(think 4mm X 7mm paper punch)

Center Photo: An typical (not an "atypical") 6.5mm Carcano Bullet entrance wound, which DOES NOT create relatively clean cut edges in skin tissue.

Bottom Photo: An "atypical" bullet entrance wound which was created with a "Wadcutter/flat-nosed" 6.5mm Carcano bullet, and which flat circular edge cuts the skin and thusly makes an "atypical" wound of entry which for all practical purposes exactly matches the size of the bullet which created the entry.

--------------------------------------------------------------

The only difference being that my "paper punch" was not deformed and struck in a" flat-nose" position first, whereas CE399's flat base was deformed to it's current 4mm X 7mm dimension and struck in a "flat-base" position first.

Thereby "punching" out considerable amounts of fabric from the coat and shirt of JFK, carrying this fabric down into the wound of entry, and creating it's (paper punch-type) 4mm X 7mm wound of entry with the longer axis of the wound actually being in the horizontal position.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

In struggling along to the end, one would be remiss if they did not bring up the subject of the "Abrasion Collar.

The attached photo is from NARA and is the HSCA JFK Exhibit F-24 which demonstrates how a bullet fired on a downward angle striking the skin, leaves an elongated VERTICALLY wound of entry.

In this type angle of penetration (downward angle of fire), the bullet leaves an area at the TOP of the wound of entry which demonstrates "abrasion" as the bulet rubs against the skin upon entry.

(Item "B" of the photo)

Two things about this forensic/ballistic/pathological fact are of note.

1. The wound of entry will have it's long axis VERTICAL.

(JFK's back entry wound has it's long axis horizontal)

2. The "Abrasion Collar" is located at the top of the entry wound.

Now, for those who are unaware, the HSCA Medical Panel determined that the wound of entry into the back of JFK had it's abrasion collar located at the BOTTOM EDGE of the entry point.

Completely opposite of what it should be!

This purported claim has merely continued to confuse and misdirect those who have failed to grasp exactly how a bullet fired on a downward angle could enter the back on an UPWARD ANGLE, which would be required to create a wound of entry with the abrasion collar located at the bottom of the entry wound.