Members of the KKK

[Thomas H. Purvis]

KKK

"The second Ku Klux Klan society was founded in 1915 by William J. Simmons.

"Letters are to Z.E. Marvin, Dallas, Texas, from clan leaders in Texas and Atlanta, Georgia, regarding the newly established Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company, which was established to offer life insurance only to klansmen."

http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/guidHist4.htm

[John Dolva]

KKK

"The second Ku Klux Klan society was founded in 1915 by William J. Simmons.

"Letters are to Z.E. Marvin, Dallas, Texas, from clan leaders in Texas and Atlanta, Georgia, regarding the newly established Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company, which was established to offer life insurance only to klansmen."

http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/guidHist4.htm

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

various pages and articles that may be of interest from following a search for "Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company"

http://watch.pair.com/database2.html

"Richard Shoff - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Former Grand Kilgrapp (state secretary) and funder of the Indiana Ku Klux Klan. Financial supporter of High Frontier, a Star Wars group allied with Elizabeth Clare Prophet's Church Universal and Triumphant. Served on board of Jesse Helms' Coalition for Freedom which receives funding from the Pioneer Fund which funds racialist research. Funds and served on board of directors of the Conservative Caucus. [bellant (CC) 38, 54]

"Another Conservative Caucus board member and funder is Richard Shoff, a North Carolina businessman whose questionable business practices have brought him the attention of local newspapers, trade associations, and the Better Business Bureau. Shoff has also been involved in a number of lawsuits while running sales operations in Indiana and selling log homes from his company, Lincoln Log Homes, in North Carolina. In the early 1970's, he was the Grand Kilgrapp (state secretary0 of the Indiana Ku Klux Klan. Indianapolis police told a reporter that KKK cross burnings were held on Shoff's property during Klan rallies which were hosted by Shoff. According to the head of the Indiana KKK, Shoff was also a generous funder of Klan activities. Shoff claims he has left the Ku Klux Klan in 1973.

"Shoff is also on the board of Coalition for Freedom, a Jesse Helms group that receives funding from the Pioneer Fund which funds racialist research. Shoff is one of a number of TCC [The Conservative Caucus] leaders who are also members of the Council for National Policy. Other Conservative Caucus supporters and leaders who are also members or leaders of the Council for National Policy include Amway leader Richard DeVos, Louis Jenkins, and Robert H. Krieble, John D. Beckett, and Joe and Holly Coors." [bellant (CC) 54] "

http://dks.thing.net/Book_Report.html

"COLORADO - THE COORS LEGACY: Republicans yesterday nominated Pete Coors for the Senate in Colorado. Coors has an illustrious family history of funding far-right-wing organizations, and being connected to racist and anti-gay movements. As documented in his book, "The Coors Connection," author Russ Bellent points out that Pete allowed the Coors Foundation to continue funding the Council for National Policy, a right-wing group whose board member, Richard Shoff, was a leader of the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana. Bellent also points out the Coors Foundation "gave $2500 in 1981 to the ultra-rightist Patriotic American Youth, Inc., a group which also distributes explicitly racist literature." And Pete Coors's uncle, William Coors, told a group of African-American businessmen in Denver that blacks "lack the intellectual capacity to succeed." Ironically, the Coors campaign has likened Sen. John Kerry (D) to a convicted KKK murderer. Coors has promised that, if elected to the Senate, he would make lowering the drinking age a top priority – a move that would conveniently aid his beer business."

http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#helms

Jesse Helms - [33º Freemason; (quasi-Masonic, United Nations NGO) Rotary Club] CNP Board of Governors (1982); CNP Membership Directory (1984-84, 1988, 1996, 1998, 1999). With oil billionaires Herbert William and Nelson Bunker Hunt, Helms is a member of the American branch of a racial eugenics group headquartered in Scotland and headed by Robert Gayre, who published the racialist Mankind Quarterly until Roger Pearson took it over in 1978. [bellant ON 46]

"For an overview on 'race and intelligence,' Murray and Herrnstein recommend two books by three Pioneer Fund recipients: Audrey Shuey, Frank C. J. McGurk, and R. Travis Osborne. McGurk is the main authority they cite to 'prove' that IQ tests are not racially biased. He was one of the 'scientific' mainstays of the segregationist movement in the southern US. In 1959 McGurk and Shuey became leading members of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, first publisher of Mankind Quarterly. Other members included Senator Jesse Helms and the oil billionaire Hunt brothers. Arch-racists in the South introduced Shuey's book in court during the 1960s to argue for continuing school segregation and denying the vote to black people. University of Georgia professor Osborne also testified in court against school integration. Osborne was still, in 1992, trying to prove the long-discarded theory that brain size is somehow related to intelligence." [Racism, Intelligence and the Working Class]

"Henry Garrett, Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941 to 1955. A Virginia born segregationist, Garrett was a key witness defending segregation in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. During the 1950s and 1960s, Garrett helped to distribute grants for the Pioneer Fund and was one of the founders of the International Association for the Advancement of Eugenics and Ethnology (IAAEE) in 1959. The IAAEE brought together academic defenders of segregation in the USA and apartheid in South Africa. The Pioneer Fund supported the IAAEE and other institutions working to legitimise race-science, including the IAAEE's journal, The Mankind Quarterly." [searchlight July 1998]

Senator Helms has been chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, Chairman, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Chairman of the Senate Steering Committee, a member of the Council of 56 of the Religious Roundtable, a member of the Executive Committee of America Cause, in 1975, along with Spruille Braden and Dr. Edward Teller - both members of the CFR, a member of the Committee on Conservative Alternatives - discussed earlier, Director of the American Conservative Union in 1978-1979, a member of the Organizing Committee of the Citizen's Legal Defense fund for the FBI Ad Hoc - discussed previously, a Trustee of America's Future - a network of the "Establishment", associated with the Committee for the Survival of a Free Congress, an "endorser" of the Unification Church spawned Washington Times, and according to high placed sources, a member of the CFR in 1972! 84. [Miller 6]

The National Congressional Club is Jesse Helms' PAC based in Raleigh and was directed by Helms' senior advisor, attorney Tom Ellis. Ellis was the second president of the CNP and former director of the Pioneer Fund, a foundation which finances efforts to prove that African-Americans are genetically inferior to whites. The Congressional Club began after the 1972 Senate campaign, when Ellis retained Richard Viguerie to help pay off the Helms campaign debt. Ellis and Viguerie built the Congressional Club mailing list to more than 300,000 regular contributors -- a constituency for Helms and a major financial resource within the conservative movement...Helms has used his political organization to build connections with New Right and conservative political activists. Besides Viguerie, Phillips, and Dolan connections, Helms is actively represented in Paul Weyrich's coordinating groups. [saloma 90-92]

In May of 1998, HR 2431 was passed in the House of Representatives and introduced to the Senate as S772 by Senator Arlen Specter (a Mason). There it was stalled in committee until the Republican leadership led by (Mason) Trent Lott maneuvered a compromise version of the bill through (33º Mason) Jesse Helms' Foreign Services Committee. On October 9, the U.S. Senate passed the International Religious Freedom Act (S-1868) sponsored by Senators Don Nickles, Joseph Lieberman and others by a vote of 98-0. S-1868 was referred immediately back to the House of Representatives where it was passed into law the next day.

http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/rockefeller.html

"In 1932, Chevron struck oil in Bahrain and was soon operating in Saudi Arabia. In 1933, when Hitler seized power, Standard Oil New Jersey supplied Germany with the patents it required for tetraethyl lead aviation fuel. In 1936, the company Schroder, Rockefeller Investment Bankers, included board directors linked to the Gestapo and several European, Nazi-linked banks. It’s lawyers were John Foster Dulles and Allan Dulles, leading Wall Street fascists who drummed up American investments in Germany and elsewhere. The Dulles law firm represented I.G. Farben and Fritz Thyssen. Thyssen was Hitler’s biggest German financier. The Dulles brothers later became Secretary of State and CIA Director, respectively.

In 1937, John D. Rockefeller died, but his legacy of using oil money to grease the wheels of fascism continued. That year, as the Spanish Civil War raged, Texas Co. (later called Texaco) fueled Franco’s fascists. (In 1936, Texas Co. and Standard Oil California formed California Texas Oil (later Caltex) to combine Texas Co’s marketing network in the Middle East with Standard’s operations there.) Texas Co. also continued shipping oil to Germany during WWII. In 1938, Brown Brothers, Harriman, the Wall Street investment firm (with senior partners Prescott Bush and George Herbert Walker) was involved in funding the supply of leaded gas for the Nazi Luftwaffe. Chevron and Texas Co. created Aramco in 1939, to pump Saudi oil for the Nazi war machine. In 1940, Texaco provided an office, in their Chrysler Building, for a Nazi intelligence officer, Dr. Gerhardt Westrick. Executives of Standard Oil’s German subsidiary were “Prominent figures of Himmler’s Circle of Friends of the Gestapo – its chief financiers – and close friends and colleagues of the Baron von Schroder” a leading Gesatpo officer and financier (Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy). Just before WWII, the Rockefeller’s Chase Bank collaborated with the Nazi’s Schroder Bank to raise $25 million for Germany’s war economy. They also supplied the German government with names and background information on 10,000 fascist sympathizers in America. Throughout WWII, Rockefeller’s Chase Bank stayed open in Nazi-occupied Paris, providing services for Germany’s embassy and its businesses.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

KKK

"The second Ku Klux Klan society was founded in 1915 by William J. Simmons.

"Letters are to Z.E. Marvin, Dallas, Texas, from clan leaders in Texas and Atlanta, Georgia, regarding the newly established Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company, which was established to offer life insurance only to klansmen."

http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/guidHist4.htm

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Almost a "Who's Who"

http://www.dallasfirerescue.com/lod/ashughes.htm

[Terry Mauro]

KKK

"The second Ku Klux Klan society was founded in 1915 by William J. Simmons.

"Letters are to Z.E. Marvin, Dallas, Texas, from clan leaders in Texas and Atlanta, Georgia, regarding the newly established Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company, which was established to offer life insurance only to klansmen."

http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/guidHist4.htm

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

various pages and articles that may be of interest from following a search for "Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company"

http://watch.pair.com/database2.html

"Richard Shoff - CNP Board of Governors (1982). Former Grand Kilgrapp (state secretary) and funder of the Indiana Ku Klux Klan. Financial supporter of High Frontier, a Star Wars group allied with Elizabeth Clare Prophet's Church Universal and Triumphant. Served on board of Jesse Helms' Coalition for Freedom which receives funding from the Pioneer Fund which funds racialist research. Funds and served on board of directors of the Conservative Caucus. [bellant (CC) 38, 54]

"Another Conservative Caucus board member and funder is Richard Shoff, a North Carolina businessman whose questionable business practices have brought him the attention of local newspapers, trade associations, and the Better Business Bureau. Shoff has also been involved in a number of lawsuits while running sales operations in Indiana and selling log homes from his company, Lincoln Log Homes, in North Carolina. In the early 1970's, he was the Grand Kilgrapp (state secretary0 of the Indiana Ku Klux Klan. Indianapolis police told a reporter that KKK cross burnings were held on Shoff's property during Klan rallies which were hosted by Shoff. According to the head of the Indiana KKK, Shoff was also a generous funder of Klan activities. Shoff claims he has left the Ku Klux Klan in 1973.

"Shoff is also on the board of Coalition for Freedom, a Jesse Helms group that receives funding from the Pioneer Fund which funds racialist research. Shoff is one of a number of TCC [The Conservative Caucus] leaders who are also members of the Council for National Policy. Other Conservative Caucus supporters and leaders who are also members or leaders of the Council for National Policy include Amway leader Richard DeVos, Louis Jenkins, and Robert H. Krieble, John D. Beckett, and Joe and Holly Coors." [bellant (CC) 54] "

http://dks.thing.net/Book_Report.html

"COLORADO - THE COORS LEGACY: Republicans yesterday nominated Pete Coors for the Senate in Colorado. Coors has an illustrious family history of funding far-right-wing organizations, and being connected to racist and anti-gay movements. As documented in his book, "The Coors Connection," author Russ Bellent points out that Pete allowed the Coors Foundation to continue funding the Council for National Policy, a right-wing group whose board member, Richard Shoff, was a leader of the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana. Bellent also points out the Coors Foundation "gave $2500 in 1981 to the ultra-rightist Patriotic American Youth, Inc., a group which also distributes explicitly racist literature." And Pete Coors's uncle, William Coors, told a group of African-American businessmen in Denver that blacks "lack the intellectual capacity to succeed." Ironically, the Coors campaign has likened Sen. John Kerry (D) to a convicted KKK murderer. Coors has promised that, if elected to the Senate, he would make lowering the drinking age a top priority – a move that would conveniently aid his beer business."

http://watch.pair.com/database1.html#helms

Jesse Helms - [33º Freemason; (quasi-Masonic, United Nations NGO) Rotary Club] CNP Board of Governors (1982); CNP Membership Directory (1984-84, 1988, 1996, 1998, 1999). With oil billionaires Herbert William and Nelson Bunker Hunt, Helms is a member of the American branch of a racial eugenics group headquartered in Scotland and headed by Robert Gayre, who published the racialist Mankind Quarterly until Roger Pearson took it over in 1978. [bellant ON 46]

"For an overview on 'race and intelligence,' Murray and Herrnstein recommend two books by three Pioneer Fund recipients: Audrey Shuey, Frank C. J. McGurk, and R. Travis Osborne. McGurk is the main authority they cite to 'prove' that IQ tests are not racially biased. He was one of the 'scientific' mainstays of the segregationist movement in the southern US. In 1959 McGurk and Shuey became leading members of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, first publisher of Mankind Quarterly. Other members included Senator Jesse Helms and the oil billionaire Hunt brothers. Arch-racists in the South introduced Shuey's book in court during the 1960s to argue for continuing school segregation and denying the vote to black people. University of Georgia professor Osborne also testified in court against school integration. Osborne was still, in 1992, trying to prove the long-discarded theory that brain size is somehow related to intelligence." [Racism, Intelligence and the Working Class]

"Henry Garrett, Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941 to 1955. A Virginia born segregationist, Garrett was a key witness defending segregation in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. During the 1950s and 1960s, Garrett helped to distribute grants for the Pioneer Fund and was one of the founders of the International Association for the Advancement of Eugenics and Ethnology (IAAEE) in 1959. The IAAEE brought together academic defenders of segregation in the USA and apartheid in South Africa. The Pioneer Fund supported the IAAEE and other institutions working to legitimise race-science, including the IAAEE's journal, The Mankind Quarterly." [searchlight July 1998]

Senator Helms has been chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee, Chairman, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Chairman of the Senate Steering Committee, a member of the Council of 56 of the Religious Roundtable, a member of the Executive Committee of America Cause, in 1975, along with Spruille Braden and Dr. Edward Teller - both members of the CFR, a member of the Committee on Conservative Alternatives - discussed earlier, Director of the American Conservative Union in 1978-1979, a member of the Organizing Committee of the Citizen's Legal Defense fund for the FBI Ad Hoc - discussed previously, a Trustee of America's Future - a network of the "Establishment", associated with the Committee for the Survival of a Free Congress, an "endorser" of the Unification Church spawned Washington Times, and according to high placed sources, a member of the CFR in 1972! 84. [Miller 6]

The National Congressional Club is Jesse Helms' PAC based in Raleigh and was directed by Helms' senior advisor, attorney Tom Ellis. Ellis was the second president of the CNP and former director of the Pioneer Fund, a foundation which finances efforts to prove that African-Americans are genetically inferior to whites. The Congressional Club began after the 1972 Senate campaign, when Ellis retained Richard Viguerie to help pay off the Helms campaign debt. Ellis and Viguerie built the Congressional Club mailing list to more than 300,000 regular contributors -- a constituency for Helms and a major financial resource within the conservative movement...Helms has used his political organization to build connections with New Right and conservative political activists. Besides Viguerie, Phillips, and Dolan connections, Helms is actively represented in Paul Weyrich's coordinating groups. [saloma 90-92]

In May of 1998, HR 2431 was passed in the House of Representatives and introduced to the Senate as S772 by Senator Arlen Specter (a Mason). There it was stalled in committee until the Republican leadership led by (Mason) Trent Lott maneuvered a compromise version of the bill through (33º Mason) Jesse Helms' Foreign Services Committee. On October 9, the U.S. Senate passed the International Religious Freedom Act (S-1868) sponsored by Senators Don Nickles, Joseph Lieberman and others by a vote of 98-0. S-1868 was referred immediately back to the House of Representatives where it was passed into law the next day.

http://coat.ncf.ca/our_magazine/links/53/rockefeller.html

"In 1932, Chevron struck oil in Bahrain and was soon operating in Saudi Arabia. In 1933, when Hitler seized power, Standard Oil New Jersey supplied Germany with the patents it required for tetraethyl lead aviation fuel. In 1936, the company Schroder, Rockefeller Investment Bankers, included board directors linked to the Gestapo and several European, Nazi-linked banks. It’s lawyers were John Foster Dulles and Allan Dulles, leading Wall Street fascists who drummed up American investments in Germany and elsewhere. The Dulles law firm represented I.G. Farben and Fritz Thyssen. Thyssen was Hitler’s biggest German financier. The Dulles brothers later became Secretary of State and CIA Director, respectively.

In 1937, John D. Rockefeller died, but his legacy of using oil money to grease the wheels of fascism continued. That year, as the Spanish Civil War raged, Texas Co. (later called Texaco) fueled Franco’s fascists. (In 1936, Texas Co. and Standard Oil California formed California Texas Oil (later Caltex) to combine Texas Co’s marketing network in the Middle East with Standard’s operations there.) Texas Co. also continued shipping oil to Germany during WWII. In 1938, Brown Brothers, Harriman, the Wall Street investment firm (with senior partners Prescott Bush and George Herbert Walker) was involved in funding the supply of leaded gas for the Nazi Luftwaffe. Chevron and Texas Co. created Aramco in 1939, to pump Saudi oil for the Nazi war machine. In 1940, Texaco provided an office, in their Chrysler Building, for a Nazi intelligence officer, Dr. Gerhardt Westrick. Executives of Standard Oil’s German subsidiary were “Prominent figures of Himmler’s Circle of Friends of the Gestapo – its chief financiers – and close friends and colleagues of the Baron von Schroder” a leading Gesatpo officer and financier (Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy). Just before WWII, the Rockefeller’s Chase Bank collaborated with the Nazi’s Schroder Bank to raise $25 million for Germany’s war economy. They also supplied the German government with names and background information on 10,000 fascist sympathizers in America. Throughout WWII, Rockefeller’s Chase Bank stayed open in Nazi-occupied Paris, providing services for Germany’s embassy and its businesses.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

"In 1932, Chevron struck oil in Bahrain and was soon operating in Saudi Arabia. In 1933, when Hitler seized power, Standard Oil New Jersey supplied Germany with the patents it required for tetraethyl lead aviation fuel. In 1936, the company Schroder, Rockefeller Investment Bankers, included board directors linked to the Gestapo and several European, Nazi-linked banks. It’s lawyers were John Foster Dulles and Allan Dulles, leading Wall Street fascists who drummed up American investments in Germany and elsewhere. The Dulles law firm represented I.G. Farben and Fritz Thyssen. Thyssen was Hitler’s biggest German financier. The Dulles brothers later became Secretary of State and CIA Director, respectively.

In 1937, John D. Rockefeller died, but his legacy of using oil money to grease the wheels of fascism continued. That year, as the Spanish Civil War raged, Texas Co. (later called Texaco) fueled Franco’s fascists. (In 1936, Texas Co. and Standard Oil California formed California Texas Oil (later Caltex) to combine Texas Co’s marketing network in the Middle East with Standard’s operations there.) Texas Co. also continued shipping oil to Germany during WWII. In 1938, Brown Brothers, Harriman, the Wall Street investment firm (with senior partners Prescott Bush and George Herbert Walker) was involved in funding the supply of leaded gas for the Nazi Luftwaffe. Chevron and Texas Co. created Aramco in 1939, to pump Saudi oil for the Nazi war machine. In 1940, Texaco provided an office, in their Chrysler Building, for a Nazi intelligence officer, Dr. Gerhardt Westrick. Executives of Standard Oil’s German subsidiary were “Prominent figures of Himmler’s Circle of Friends of the Gestapo – its chief financiers – and close friends and colleagues of the Baron von Schroder” a leading Gesatpo officer and financier (Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy). Just before WWII, the Rockefeller’s Chase Bank collaborated with the Nazi’s Schroder Bank to raise $25 million for Germany’s war economy. They also supplied the German government with names and background information on 10,000 fascist sympathizers in America. Throughout WWII, Rockefeller’s Chase Bank stayed open in Nazi-occupied Paris, providing services for Germany’s embassy and its businesses."

THANK YOU! For bringing this to our attention again. Believe me, I don't think this point can be driven home often enough. I'd just like to know how these right-wing fascists' mentality justifies what appears to me to be out and out theft, corruption, collusion, and conflict of interest. How dumb and stupid of American citizens to have been coerced into believing otherwise, and to have allowed, and CONTINUE to allow, this kind of grand larceny to go on, as if condoning it. Keep educating and hopefully one day the truth may osmose itself across the collective blood-brain barrier, to finally be comprehended for what this heinous and egregious group of bastards, these so-called industrial barons, really did to the United States

as well as to John F. Kennedy.

Edited July 20, 2005 by Terry Mauro

[John Dolva]

THANK YOU! For bringing this to our attention again. Believe me, I don't think this point can be driven home often enough. I'd just like to know how these right-wing fascists' mentality justifies what appears to me to be out and out theft, corruption, collusion, and conflict of interest. How dumb and stupid of American citizens to have been coerced into believing otherwise, and to have allowed, and CONTINUE to allow, this kind of grand larceny to go on, as if condoning it. Keep educating and hopefully one day the truth may osmose itself across the collective blood-brain barrier, to finally be comprehended for what this heinous and egregious group of bastards, these so-called industrial barons, really did to the United States

as well as to John F. Kennedy.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Me too Terry, while there are elements of protecting economic interests involved I wonder if there is actually some kind of psychosis involved, a dissociation similar to that of the stereotypical mass murderer. Many of the 'secret' organisations that powerful individuals get involved in encourage a 'them' and 'us' mentality. Peasant, master etc (see history of skull & bones for example, KKK as well, the Nazi party etc) In other words a sanctioned group of psychopaths wreaking havoc on a relatively decent world. JohnD

[Thomas H. Purvis]

THANK YOU! For bringing this to our attention again. Believe me, I don't think this point can be driven home often enough. I'd just like to know how these right-wing fascists' mentality justifies what appears to me to be out and out theft, corruption, collusion, and conflict of interest. How dumb and stupid of American citizens to have been coerced into believing otherwise, and to have allowed, and CONTINUE to allow, this kind of grand larceny to go on, as if condoning it. Keep educating and hopefully one day the truth may osmose itself across the collective blood-brain barrier, to finally be comprehended for what this heinous and egregious group of bastards, these so-called industrial barons, really did to the United States

as well as to John F. Kennedy.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Me too Terry, while there are elements of protecting economic interests involved I wonder if there is actually some kind of psychosis involved, a dissociation similar to that of the stereotypical mass murderer. Many of the 'secret' organisations that powerful individuals get involved in encourage a 'them' and 'us' mentality. Peasant, master etc (see history of skull & bones for example, KKK as well, the Nazi party etc) In other words a sanctioned group of psychopaths wreaking havoc on a relatively decent world. JohnD

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

It is merely the psychosis of wealth; power; and position, and is quite common among those who are nurtured in this environment.

Irrelevant as to whether yankee or southerner.

Tom

P.S. Don't hold your breath awaiting the human race to wake up and notice or even care that much.

[John Dolva]

THANK YOU! For bringing this to our attention again. Believe me, I don't think this point can be driven home often enough. I'd just like to know how these right-wing fascists' mentality justifies what appears to me to be out and out theft, corruption, collusion, and conflict of interest. How dumb and stupid of American citizens to have been coerced into believing otherwise, and to have allowed, and CONTINUE to allow, this kind of grand larceny to go on, as if condoning it. Keep educating and hopefully one day the truth may osmose itself across the collective blood-brain barrier, to finally be comprehended for what this heinous and egregious group of bastards, these so-called industrial barons, really did to the United States

as well as to John F. Kennedy.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Me too Terry, while there are elements of protecting economic interests involved I wonder if there is actually some kind of psychosis involved, a dissociation similar to that of the stereotypical mass murderer. Many of the 'secret' organisations that powerful individuals get involved in encourage a 'them' and 'us' mentality. Peasant, master etc (see history of skull & bones for example, KKK as well, the Nazi party etc) In other words a sanctioned group of psychopaths wreaking havoc on a relatively decent world. JohnD

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

It is merely the psychosis of wealth; power; and position, and is quite common among those who are nurtured in this environment.

Irrelevant as to whether yankee or southerner.

Tom

P.S. Don't hold your breath awaiting the human race to wake up and notice or even care that much.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

It is when researching the Masons that I come across the greatest amount of 'smoke'. There is so much mysticism and symbolism there that it becomes almost impossible to separate fact from fiction.

However, I don't think it's impossible. Much of the stuff there can be crossreferenced.

These secret organisations, Skull&Bones(boneheads, bonesmen), Masons, KKK, did/do exist. It's memeberships do include major players. Their structure and 'rules' provide a society wherein likeminded individuals, free of scrutiny, can meet.

When a new settlement was made, apart from means of transport, a masonic meeting place and a post office were among the first things established. In the center of Dealey plaza, the bit that's now lawn and roads, stood a Masonic hall. If one looks at records of individuals from the civil war onwards, most prominent ones were members of the Masons.

I think it's important to differentiate the mason's from its members. There are so many levels of membership it forms 'societies within societies'.

I've spent a bit of time trying to find Harry. With very little success. There is a record who may have been his father who was a secrewtary in one of the small masonic lodges in Oklahoma where Harry came from. He calls his father a goatherd. It could possibly be a reference to the use of GAOUT or as sometimes written GOAT from Mason lore. The FreeMasons were a part of everyday in outback southern life. It's a name with predominately Scottish roots. Many scots 'escaped' religious persecution by emigrating to America. Their 'big' enemy were the papists. Also, the Goat as opposed to the Lamb is used in spooky symbolism in secret societies. Maybe his dad was a herder of the local KKK flock? See how 'cloudy' it gets? Harry's predeliction for word games perhaps makes it lessimprobabale. Also the southern Democrats were once referred to Goats. They formed the backbone of these organisations.

The role those high up in the conspiracy could very well have been carried out within the secrecy of these bodies. The minions or 'lumpen' elements who did the dirty work need not know anything about the planners, and if they do, the 'rules' preclude disclosure.

Then there is the derision and difficulty anyone who chooses to look into these things can experience. However, I think there are ways through it. There's a LOT of smoke, which shouldn't come as a surprise.

Edited December 29, 2005 by John Dolva

[Gary Buell]

A document

[John Dolva]

A document

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

There are a number of ways to view that document, Gary. IMO.

The following:

In Brown v. Board of Education, the decision widely regarded as having sparked the modern civil rights era, the Supreme Court rules deliberate public school segregation illegal, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson. Chief Justice Earl Warren, writing for a unanimous Court, notes that to segregate children by race "generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone."

This indicates to me a degree of understanding that I doubt a true bigot could display.

On the other hand Malcolm X, during his strict black nationalism incarnation, would have argued against desegregation. Or rather argued for black people living an independently separate life while preparing to return to Afrika.

Black's membership is less in doubt. I understand he admitted to it after becoming Chief Justice. Some say he showed himself to be distant from the Klan by his rulings others not. Truman's membership, though brief indicates perhaps a willingness to Opportunism.

One thing that is not in dispute is that the JBS campaigned to smear Warren as a communist sympathiser. This document could be part of that.

In 1965 the JBS secretly offered to Ronald Reagan to support OR oppose him according to how he thought they might best help him. Murky politics.

On the whole I think the fact that such prominent individuals may have been Klan members says something about the climate in which Kennedy was killed.

[Thomas H. Purvis]

THANK YOU! For bringing this to our attention again. Believe me, I don't think this point can be driven home often enough. I'd just like to know how these right-wing fascists' mentality justifies what appears to me to be out and out theft, corruption, collusion, and conflict of interest. How dumb and stupid of American citizens to have been coerced into believing otherwise, and to have allowed, and CONTINUE to allow, this kind of grand larceny to go on, as if condoning it. Keep educating and hopefully one day the truth may osmose itself across the collective blood-brain barrier, to finally be comprehended for what this heinous and egregious group of bastards, these so-called industrial barons, really did to the United States

as well as to John F. Kennedy.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

Me too Terry, while there are elements of protecting economic interests involved I wonder if there is actually some kind of psychosis involved, a dissociation similar to that of the stereotypical mass murderer. Many of the 'secret' organisations that powerful individuals get involved in encourage a 'them' and 'us' mentality. Peasant, master etc (see history of skull & bones for example, KKK as well, the Nazi party etc) In other words a sanctioned group of psychopaths wreaking havoc on a relatively decent world. JohnD

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

It is merely the psychosis of wealth; power; and position, and is quite common among those who are nurtured in this environment.

Irrelevant as to whether yankee or southerner.

Tom

P.S. Don't hold your breath awaiting the human race to wake up and notice or even care that much.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

It is when researching the Masons that I come across the greatest amount of 'smoke'. There is so much mysticism and symbolism there that it becomes almost impossible to separate fact from fiction.

However, I don't think it's impossible. Much of the stuff there can be crossreferenced.

These secret organisations, Skull&Bones(boneheads, bonesmen), Masons, KKK, did/do exist. It's memeberships do include major players. Their structure and 'rules' provide a society wherein likeminded individuals, free of scrutiny, can meet.

When a new settlement was made, apart from means of transport, a masonic meeting place and a post office were among the first things established. In the center of Dealey plaza, the bit that's now lawn and roads, stood a Masonic hall. If one looks at records of individuals from the civil war onwards, most prominent ones were members of the Masons.

I think it's important to differentiate the mason's from its members. There are so many levels of membership it forms 'societies within societies'.

I've spent a bit of time trying to find Harry Holmes. With very little success. There is a record of a Holmes who may have been his father who was a secrewtary in one of the small masonic lodges in Oklahoma where Harry came from. He calls his father a goatherd. It could possibly be a reference to the use of GAOUT or as sometimes written GOAT from Mason lore. The FreeMasons were a part of everyday in outback southern life. Holmes is a name with predominately Scottish roots. Many scots 'escaped' religious persecution by emigrating to America. Their 'big' enemy were the papists. Also, the Goat as opposed to the Lamb is used in spooky symbolism in secret societies. Maybe his dad was a herder of the local KKK flock? See how 'cloudy' it gets? Harry's predeliction for word games perhaps makes it lessimprobabale. Also the southern Democrats were once referred to Goats. They formed the backbone of these organisations.

The role those high up in the conspiracy could very well have been carried out within the secrecy of these bodies. The minions or 'lumpen' elements who did the dirty work need not know anything about the planners, and if they do, the 'rules' preclude disclosure.

Then there is the derision and difficulty anyone who chooses to look into these things can experience. However, I think there are ways through it. There's a LOT of smoke, which shouldn't come as a surprise.

<{POST_SNAPBACK}>

John;

I was getting around to posting this when hurricane "Katrina" somewhat rudely interreputed.

http://nutrias.org/~nopl/photos/mugnier/streets/gfmst01.jpg

The "Louisiana Lottery Company" & "Masonic Hall" bldg., New Orleans, LA.

Tom

[John Dolva]

Hey there, Tom, good to see you're still around!

[Thomas H. Purvis]

As the old saying goes, "been there and done that", and I, not unlike most in this region know what can happen as well as what to do in preparationl.

And yes, even I have a large oak tree partially on top of the house.

Wanted to cut it down long ago for this reason, but Barbara's mother planted it and it had "sentimental" value. Therefore, she would not allow it.

http://www.oldandsold.com/articles01article922.shtml

A thorough review of the "Serpent"/aka Louisiana Lottery is essential to a review of the wealthy of New Orleans.

At one time in the late 1880's, a single share of stock in the Louisiana Lottery, sold for in excess of $1,000.00 per share.

Of course, the lottery also operated in Cuba and South America. In fact, the Cuban Lottery is an offshoot of the former Louisiana Lottery, and the Louisiana Lottery merely picked up and moved to Honduras after having been declared illegal in the US.

[Robert Howard]

As the old saying goes, "been there and done that", and I, not unlike most in this region know what can happen as well as what to do in preparationl.

And yes, even I have a large oak tree partially on top of the house.

Wanted to cut it down long ago for this reason, but Barbara's mother planted it and it had "sentimental" value. Therefore, she would not allow it.

http://www.oldandsol...rticle922.shtml

A thorough review of the "Serpent"/aka Louisiana Lottery is essential to a review of the wealthy of New Orleans.

At one time in the late 1880's, a single share of stock in the Louisiana Lottery, sold for in excess of $1,000.00 per share.

Of course, the lottery also operated in Cuba and South America. In fact, the Cuban Lottery is an offshoot of the former Louisiana Lottery, and the Louisiana Lottery merely picked up and moved to Honduras after having been declared illegal in the US.

Some Forum members may wonder why I did not post the following on "The Mafia did it," thread...the reason why is because I do not believe

the mafia did it, although there are obvious signs and facts that there was involvement, to wit....

There are two books, the Outfit by Gus Russo page 95, and an obscure book entitled

Frank Nitti: The Story of Chicago’s Notorious Enforcer by Ronald D Humble

The author, Ronald Humble asserts that Dave Yaras was the handler for Guiseppe

Zangara.....

To keep things on an even keel, I would like to mention if one is interested

in a factual account, as opposed to the possible agenda setting types of

books, there is an excellent account of the dynamic of

JFK/Connally/Oswald

Roosevelt/Cermak/Zangarra

in The Five Weeks of Guiseppe Zangara by Blaise Picchi, if one is going to tread

those waters, you will need a factual account of the ins and outs of what happened

et cetera, Picchi's book is the tour de force, on that subject.....

Don't leave home without it......

Chapter One Of

The Five Weeks of Guiseppe Zangara

"A SORT OF RECEPTION"

At about seven o'clock on the evening of February 15, 1933, Vincent Astor's yacht, the Nourmahal, anchored at Pier One of Miami's municipal docks, near Bayfront Park. Vincent Astor, the son of John Jacob Astor--who had died in the Titanic disaster--was one of the richest men in America. The five-year-old German-made Nourmahal, 263 feet long, was one of the largest private yachts in the world. It had a cruising range of 19,000 miles and a maximum speed of sixteen knots. For twelve days, it had been leisurely cruising the Bahamas, stopping here and there for fishing and excursions while February snow covered the northern states and blizzards raged on the Great Lakes. Among the guests on board was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who, in seventeen days, would succeed Herbert Hoover to become the thirty-second president of the United States.

The nation stood at a crossroads. In 1929, the booming U.S. stock market had suddenly collapsed, precipitating the worst depression in American history. Countless thousands of homeless men--"bindle stiffs" they called themselves--drifted from place to place, sleeping in "Hoovervilles": makeshift collections of lean-tos and tents in woods, dumps and near railroad tracks throughout the country. People were hungry and there was no organized method of feeding them: there were only bread lines where private charities and, to a lesser extent, local governments, doled out food.

American intellectuals, as well as millions of workers and union members, had become convinced that capitalism was a failure. Some were looking with hope at Russia, where the Communist revolution was now fifteen years old. Others wanted an American Mussolini. Huey Long, "Kingfisher," had built a political empire in Louisiana on his motto of "Soak the Rich" and was working to establish a national constituency. Father Charles Coughlin, for one, was gaining a wide following by preaching his brand of fascism. Americans could not see a way out of the Depression. Some prominent business leaders were even suggesting that the new president take office with "dictatorial powers." In November 1932, the Great American Experiment was in deep trouble and many Americans were truly afraid. On election day that November, the people officially placed their hopes of salvation in the hands of the Democratic nominee for president, Franklin Roosevelt, and his running mate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Nance Garner of Texas.

Roosevelt, born into a wealthy, aristocratic New York family, was a distant cousin of Theodore Roosevelt. He was not well known outside the northeast, although he had been elected governor of New York in 1930, had run in 1920 as the vice presidential nominee on the Democratic ticket with James M. Cox, and had served from 1913 to 1920 as assistant secretary of the Navy. When Cox lost the election to Warren G. Harding, FDR had retreated to his home at Hyde Park to assess his future. It was then that this young, physically active patrician was stricken with polio and lost the use of his legs. He rallied from this blow and began a regimen of physical therapy which included bathing in the hot pools of Warm Springs, Georgia, and reentered politics to win the governorship of New York.

Everyone knew that Roosevelt was handicapped (in Italy he was called " Il Paralitico ") but Americans made very little of it, perhaps because they were never shown the extent of the paralysis. At that time, the country saw political figures only in newsreels in movie theaters: Roosevelt was never filmed in motion, nor was he photographed being helped to stand or "walk" by his son James, or by aides and Secret Service men. He was able to stand in public for posed shots and to "walk" to a podium with heavy leg braces hidden under his trousers, and with the help of these men. Roosevelt's affliction was known to the American public, but only as an intellectual abstraction..

In early February 1933, the president-elect conferred with advisors at Warm Springs, preparing for his March fourth inauguration--the last time, incidentally, that a presidential inauguration would be held in March. His plan was to go to Jacksonville, Florida, for a rally and board the yacht Nourmahal there for a two-week fishing vacation in the Caribbean, after which he would return to Jacksonville where he would entrain for New York and finish work on his inauguration.

Roosevelt traveled in his private railway car to Jacksonville. His party, in addition to his entourage of secretaries, aides and Secret Service men, consisted of four guests: Theodore Roosevelt's son Kermit, Judge Frederick Kernochan, George St. George and Dr Leslie Heiter. These were what the press called FDR's "boon companions." Roosevelt's reception in Jacksonville was enthusiastic: the newspapers had been heralding his arrival for days, describing in detail his itinerary and parade route. Thousands of citizens met him at the train station where he entered an open car with the city's mayor, John T. Alsop, Jr. (who turned out to be FDR's distant cousin), and David Sholtz, the governor of Florida. The motorcade wound its way through the Riverside residential section to Hemming Park in the city's center; cheering crowds lined the route. A crowd estimated at 25,000 had gathered at the park; a police band and the American Legion drum and bugle corps played "Happy Days Are Here Again." The next morning Roosevelt delivered a short impromptu speech in front of the Windsor Hotel, thanking the citizens for their courtesy and praising the city. Then he was driven off to the docks to board the Nourmahal .

During the voyage, Robert H. Gore, publisher of the Fort Lauderdale Daily News , suggested that, on the yacht's return, Roosevelt attend a grand rally in Miami, where the president-elect could meet influential party leaders and leave for New York from there instead of from Jacksonville. Roosevelt thought this was a good idea: the weather in Miami was balmy and he could use the elegant Coral Gables Biltmore Hotel as a base. Robert Gore had ruled out Fort Lauderdale as a site for the rally, because it could not accommodate large political events.

The Jacksonville Florida Times-Union reported that Mayor Anton Cermak of Chicago was one of the out-of-state politicians who planned to meet with Roosevelt in Jacksonville before the president-elect boarded the yacht. Cermak was not able to arrange this, but, since Roosevelt was now going to conclude his vacation in Miami, the mayor decided to travel there with James Farley, national chairman of the Democratic Party, who was soon to be named Roosevelt's Postmaster General.

After twelve days of cruising, the Nourmahal sailed into Miami's Biscayne Bay just as the winter sun was setting. As the ship was tied up to the municipal docks, the passengers were enjoying a festive farewell dinner. Then, while the staff cleared the table, reporters were ushered into the dining room. FDR, in high spirits, told the press he had done "a lot of fishing and a lot of swimming and I didn't even open the briefcase!" They had visited a different place each day and he had spent a whole day bone-fishing off Andros Island. He had hooked "a whale of a fish" but lost it when it dived and the line broke. He had had twelve "perfectly grand" days, he said. But he did not want to talk about politics. He was asked whether Senator Carter Glass of Virginia was to be named Secretary of the Treasury; whether James Farley would be Postmaster General and Cordell Hull of Tennessee would become Secretary of State. Roosevelt said that he was holding to the tradition that presidents-elect did not name their cabinets until twenty four hours before inauguration.

After the reporters left, Roosevelt conferred about his cabinet appointments with Professor Raymond Moley, his chief economic advisor. This was a quick conference, because Roosevelt had to leave shortly for "a sort of reception" at the Bayfront Park amphitheater. The mayor of Miami, Redmond Gautier, had come on board to escort FDR to the park. The city had planned a rousing welcome-home party with concerts, speeches and parades featuring the American Legion Honor Guard and the drum and bugle corps from the Harvey Seeds Post as well as a contingent of Shriners, units of the drum and bugle corps of the Miami Junior Chamber of Commerce and the Riverside Military Academy band. Roosevelt was to deliver a short, impromptu speech from the bandstand, as he had done in Jacksonville, and to accept a telegram signed by several thousand Miami well-wishers.

After that he was to be driven to the train station several blocks west of the park, followed by a parade of the American Legion Honor Guard, the Shriners and the bands. From the rear platform of his railway car he would bid a brief farewell to the crowd: already 2,000 people had gathered at the station. Then, by ten P.M., he would be en route to New York. The local newspapers had been publishing the precise details for days: the times of the events, the convoy's route, which motorcar Roosevelt would be riding in and who would be riding with him. National political figures and presidential advisors would attend the festivities, as well as many members of the south Florida political establishment, including mayors and judges.

This was an important event for Miami. In 1933, the city had existed as an incorporated entity for little more than thirty-seven years, having been carved from the wilderness in 1896 when Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway first steamed into the settlement. The city's growth had been rapid, buoyed by a growing tourism base and the unbridled activity of real estate agents. Several presidents had visited the area on fishing holidays, but no official visit had been paid by an incumbent president. In January 1928, Herbert Hoover, then president-elect, had paraded in triumph down Flagler Street, the main thoroughfare: he was the first Republican to carry Florida in a presidential election. His opponent had been Al Smith, a Catholic, and the Republican campaign had profited from anti-Catholic sentiment.

The population of southern Florida was white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in religion and Democratic in politics. There were few Jews, Hispanics or Republicans, and blacks did not vote. Some beach hotels were openly "Gentiles Only" and all public accommodations were labeled for "Whites" or "Coloreds." Since 1921, the Ku Klux Klan had been a force in Miami, cooperating with police and "guarding" the city against Bolsheviks, Socialists, labor leaders, Jews, Catholics and foreigners in general. Columns of hooded, robed Klansmen marched for blocks during parades, funerals and other public displays in the city. Many prominent citizens are believed to have belonged to the Klan in the 1930s, including high-ranking public officials and at least one chief of police.

In 1931, after one of the wildest sessions in its history, the Florida legislature voted to permit on-track gambling at horse and dog races. The conservative governor, Doyle Carlton, Sr., raised in a strict Protestant family in this Bible-belt state, considered this legislation immoral and vetoed it, but his veto was overridden. The conservative northern counties had originally backed the governor, but they accepted a compromise: all of the state gambling revenue would be distributed equally to each of Florida's sixty-seven counties. Thereafter, for decades, some rural Florida counties would impose low taxes or none at all, supporting themselves entirely on income from the southern Florida racetracks. So, with its sandy beaches, luxurious hotels, warm winter weather and racetrack gambling, Miami in 1933 was already one of the country's most popular tourist meccas. The permanent population of the county was only about 150,000, but one million visitors were said to have come to the city in that year. Nineteen-thirty-three was, in fact, a particularly busy tourist year; rents had been lowered to a quarter of their pre-Depression rates.

On that balmy February evening, newspapers advertised four-day tours of Havana, Cuba, for $42.50, including hotel, meals, sightseeing in new Packard automobiles and excursions to the Prado and Sloppy Joe's. For twenty-five cents, one could attend Elizabeth Van Dyke's lectures on feminine hygiene, including herb formulas and beauty tips, and there was "nude sunshine bathing" in a private solarium at the Dallas Park Hotel on the Miami River. Sears Roebuck was selling ladies' silk dresses for $2.95, spring hats for $1.00 and a genuine two-point diamond ring mounted in fourteen karat white gold for $1.98. A carton of Old Gold cigarettes cost ninety-nine cents.

In the second race at Hialeah that day, "Roosevelt" came in first, paying $3.35. In local news, Edward W. Overmiller pleaded guilty in court to possessing two barrels of moonshine at his Brickel Avenue home; he was sentenced to a $500 fine or six months in the county jail. He did not have $500. Morning radio featured "Little Jack Little" on the CBS affiliate WQAM and "Betty Crocker" on NBC's WIOD. Each evening at six P.M., H.V. Kaltenborn read the news for CBS. And Miami radio signed off at one A.M. after each day of offering fare like "Amos `n' Andy," "Spy Story," "Buck Rogers in the 21st Century" and "Just Plain Bill."

Then there was the Olympia, the most impressive movie palace ever built in Miami, with Elizabethan balconies and rococo appointments, housed under a celestial ceiling sparkling with stars when the lights were turned down. And it was air conditioned at a time when air conditioning was a rare luxury. The Olympia stage offered vaudeville acts and big bands along with movies. That February day, Eddie Cantor and George Jessel performed to a packed house, "Even if you don't understand Jewish you'll gurgle with merriment," a reviewer wrote the next morning. Films playing that evening were Hard to Handle starring James Cagney, and 42nd Street with Warner Baxter, George Brent, Ruby Keeler and 150 Busby Berkley chorus girls.

But that night most people were not at the movies. They were gathered at Bayfront Park, a forty-acre strip of land about a hundred yards wide and a quarter of a mile long, sandwiched between Biscayne Bay on the east and Biscayne Boulevard, lined with palm trees, on the west. The park had been created from Biscayne Bay in the late 1920s at a cost of $2.5 million. The mouth of the Miami River lies a few hundred yards to the south of the park; parking lots for fishermen and docks for yachts formed its northern boundary, and just across Biscayne Boulevard stood the eastern edge of the downtown business district.

At the southern end of the park was the amphitheater and bandstand: an elevated stage with a concave back wall. These structures were, in a time before the perfection of microphones and amplifiers, useful venues for concerts and political speeches. The Bayfront Park bandstand was exceptionally ugly: a gaudy three-story yellow stucco structure with a concrete open-air stage protruding from its front and center, facing north. About four feet above this outdoor stage was an interior stage, extending into the building. Overhanging the protruding stage was a large, cumbersome portico painted green, yellow, orange, silver and red. From the center of the stage, steps descended to a semicircular paved area, and it was on this pavement that Roosevelt was to speak from his car, which was parked parallel to the bandstand and facing west.

Topping this architectural nightmare were three onion domes, one on each end of the roof and the third on top of the portico. The amphitheater had been constructed in the 1920s for a Shriner's convention, which might explain the intended Oriental look of the building, although Byzantine buildings were popular in Miami at that time. (Opa Locka, a suburb to the north of Miami, consisted of structures with onion domes, minarets and balconies on streets named Ali Baba and Schaharazade.)

There were semicircular rows of seats facing the amphitheater on a slightly inclined concrete apron. These slatted wood and metal folding seats, which could accommodate 7000 people, were permanently fastened to each other and to the ground.

At nine in the evening, Roosevelt's party left the yacht and boarded three waiting vehicles: two open police cars and a small sedan. Hatless, wearing a grey suit, FDR was helped down the gangplank and into the lead car, a big open Buick, by his private aide and bodyguard, Gus Gennerich. For these public appearances, Roosevelt wore ten-pound leg braces which allowed him to walk with canes and assistance while the knee hinges were locked, and to sit when the hinges were unlocked. After helping FDR into the back seat, next to Miami mayor Redmond Gautier, Gennerich got into the car along with Secret Service agent Robert Clark and Marvin McIntyre, who was to be the president's appointments secretary. The driver was Fitzhugh Lee, a Miami policeman. The second vehicle, also a convertible, held several Secret Service men, and in the last car were Roosevelt's associates: Raymond Moley, Vincent Astor, Judge Kernochan and Kermit Roosevelt.

By ten minutes after nine, the small motorcade had driven the hundred or so yards to Biscayne Boulevard, a wide highway divided by a large median with parking for hundreds of cars. As the motorcade proceeded, it was joined by several other vehicles occupied by prominent people. The parking areas in the median and on either side of the boulevard were filled. People had begun to gather in the park since six P.M. and by seven o'clock there was standing room only. Hundreds of people were still walking toward the bandstand as Roosevelt passed slowly in his open car, waving and smiling, greeted by cheers and applause. Roosevelt had told the national press corps that his comments would be inconsequential, so most of them had decided to skip the park rally and go directly to the depot to wait for him. Consequently, there were only local reporters at the bandstand, along with a few wire service stringers and one newsreel team.

Roosevelt's green Buick convertible began slowly nosing its way through the largest crowd assembled in the history of the city, estimated at 25,000. Vincent Astor, riding in the last car, commented that this was a dangerous situation. There was the president-elect, exposed in the rear seat of an open car that was moving at walking pace through a massive crowd. Moley agreed, but noted that the situation was better now than it had been during the campaign, when they had had to rely only on local police and Roosevelt's personal bodyguard. At least now, Moley said, the president-elect was protected by the Secret Service.

In fact, according to best estimates, the president-elect had six Secret Service operators with him, together with several dozen policemen, acting as motorcycle escort, drivers and crowd control. This contrasted with protection afforded outgoing President Herbert Hoover who, two days earlier, had attended a political dinner in New York City with an entourage of eight hundred Secret Service agents and local police.

This would be the last time FDR was to have such relatively scant protection. When he returned to New York from Miami he was met by a thousand-man police guard.

Copyright © 1998 Blaise Picchi. All rights reserved.

END

[Dean Hagerman]

honorary member of note Woodrow Wilson

LMFAO!

One of the top 5 best presidents we have ever had and you have him down as an "honorary member" of the KKK

I cant stop laughing

[John Dolva]

Wonderful, Dean. It has been said laughter is the best medicine.