John Bevilaqua

Nice! You mean there really was "A CONSPIRACY?" Well, OK fine! We all knew that since 1963-1964. So.... Who dunnit and why are the only questions worth answering! 1) Who executed the plot, who covered it up and who financed it? And who went to the Adolphus Hotel to celebrate afterwards? - Robert Morris, Charles Willoughby and William Potter Gale - The Hearst Syndicates, Gannett News, NANA and the Chicago Sun-Times Syndicate - Wickliffe Draper - Robert Morris and Charles Willoughby 2) Who were two obvious examples of persons who came into GIGANTIC pools of money shortly thereafter? - Rev. Gerald L K Smith - Wickliffe Draper 3) Who was overheard discussing the plot, the pending payoff and how Marina Oswald was reacting to it in Winnipeg, Manitoba? - Rev. Gerald L K Smith - Friends of Wickliffe Draper - Anastase Vonsiatsky - Friends of Jaroslaw Stetsko 4) Who played some of the the same roles in the coup against FDR? - Wickliffe Draper - Gerald MacGuire - J. P. Morgan - Anastase Vonsiatsky 5) Who has any more questions?

Dean Hagerman QUOTE (Peter Fokes @ Dec 6 2009, 02:58 AM... Dec 6 2009, 06:56 AM Anthony Thorne It's worth noting that right now, all five vol... Yesterday, 08:11 AM Bernice Moore QUOTE (Anthony Thorne @ Dec 8 2009, 03:11... Yesterday, 05:32 PM John Simkin QUOTE (Bernice Moore @ Dec 8 2009, 03:32 ... Yesterday, 07:11 PM Dean Hagerman QUOTE (James H. Fetzer @ Dec 8 2009, 11:3... Today, 03:44 AM John Bevilaqua QUOTE (Dean Hagerman @ Dec 9 2009, 03:44 ... Today, 04:03 AM « Next Oldest · JFK Assassination Debate · Next Newest » 5 User(s) are reading this topic (3 Guests and 0 Anonymous Users) 2 Members: John Bevilaqua, William Kelly Looks like our resident Irish Mafia member and professional disinformationist is reading about his recent fate...

Perfect post Dr Fetzer My favorite book is "Bloody Treason" by Noel Twyman I bought it brand new back in 1997 and since the day I read Bloody Treason the whole way through I have believed 100% in alteration I also bought "Assassination Science", "Murder In Dealey Plaza" and "The Great Zapruder Film Hoax" the day they were released or the first week they were released Those 3 amazing books are not only all worn out from my reading them over and over and over they are still being read by me even today to check information and look up facts that are disputed by Lamson, Colby and others I hope that Dougs 5 volumes (and the Z-film alteration in Vol4) will open the eyes of researchers who I hold in a very high regard (Groden being one of them) I know Dougs book will bring on a new wave of attacks, i just wish I didnt have to wait until X-mas to get my hands on all 5 volumes (im working on the wife as I type to let me have Volume 4 as an early present ) I wanted to use this post to thank Dr Fetzer for putting together 3 of the most important books on the assassination and 3 books that I hold in a very high regard in my own research and studies as they back up my thoughts on the assassination and photographic evidence Thank you Dr Fetzer, I cant wait for the day that us as alterationists are proven to have been right all along Dean And who was the person who allowed this alteration to take place? Draper crony Charles Douglas Jackson and Henry Luce, both with Time Magazine, who was a Knight of Malta and his wife Clare Booth Luce who was a Dame of the Knights of Malta. Now we know why Draper probably provided the money to buy the Z-film. So he could have his friends doctor it until it was too late and too corrupted to use it as evidence.

Well then I must have misread or misinterpreted the tenor and tone of your original responses and therefore stand corrected. In one of his recent blogs Doug has gone out of his way to rethink or restate some of his original conclusions about LBJ and I have just now taken the time to discover that LBJ was also in deep debt to the drug lords and the descendants of the Clipper Ship slave owners and opium traders as well as to Joseph Alsop who put the bug in JFK's ear to take on LBJ as his running mate. Joseph Alsop's family was also heavily represented at the Taft-Draper wedding as far back as 1917 along with just about every other Yale Skull and Bonesmen's family going back to Amos Alonzo Taft and the Russell family in the early to mid 1800's. One of the bridesmaids was a Cheyney and I am trying to get confirmation or denial from our resident genealogy experts about this suspicion. Would it not be ironic after all is said and done if we were to discover that the core of the assassination cabals directed against BOTH FDR and JFK were all represented at this now infamous Taft-Draper wedding party towards the end of the Civil War? I am firmly convinced of this more than ever before, and by inference this now paints Draper as the lynchpin and the kingpin of BOTH the FDR and JFK plots. Draper was not an innocent lamb and a non-combatant in the JFK fray as some have tried to state previous to this. I think I know now why they staked their reputations and careers as "JFK bloggers or researchers" on this and lost everything with one bad conclusion. Everything. They are now "persona non grata" as far as I am concerned.

Hi Tom, Man, my hat is off to you once again. (And you were never in anyone's bad graces by the way. <grin> As if that state of grace would ever be important to anyone.) The irony here is that if you had never asked me to verify the members of the Draper-Taft wedding party, I would never have gotten onto the trail of those Clipper-Shippin', Drug Dealin', Slave-Tradin', Tobacco, Cotton, Tea and Textile dealin', Fruit Pickin', Railroad Runnin', Gun sellin', War Mongerin', Banana Peelin', Dictator Crushin', Rum Runnin' holier-than-though Church goin', Skull and Bonesmen and those Military Intel bastidges as quickly as I did. Thanks for the egg in my face. <grin> By the way you actually just referenced 2 of the MAJOR PLAYERS in the General Smedley Butler coup attempt against FDR. I know you probably have not yet read The Plot to Seize the White House by Jules Archer but you should. Gerald Charles MacGuire, 38, bond salesman (Grayson MP Murphy & Co.) More rabid holier-than-though Irish-Catholic immigrants intent on using Wall Street to their sinister, monopolistic, market-cornering, union-crushing advantage. So in fact the plots to kill JFK and FDR merge and meld together yet again. Wickliffe Draper using J.P. Morgan helped finance the FDR coup attempt, too. And he financed both the JFK hit and about 12 other plots against humanity during the 20th Century. Anyone who states that Wickliffe Draper had NOTHING to do with the JFK hit has got to be either terminally obtuse, stubborn as a stump, in gahoots with the Irish Mafia or a close friend of the far right wingers who know who actually killed JFK. The same crowd that showed up at C.O.P.A. conferences making presentations or attending meetings in the 1990's like L. Fletcher Prouty, Donald Gibson, Mark Lane, Sarah McClendon, Hairy Angular, and others of their right wing predilections. Just watch who defends, protects and befriends the likes of Gibson, Armstrong, Prouty, Lane, McClendon, Angular, etc. Thankfully, the speakers list has been substantially cleaned up in recent years and the most recent C.O.P.A conference had only 1-2 obfuscators, disenablers and disinformtion agents on the podium. And the self-professed friend and admirer of Sarah McClendon, Ken Kahn, El Flesher Krauty, Ted Gittenyourcraw, Hairy Angular, Petered Whimpey, Grodie Whineslow and Kram Diaz stayed home, thank God. Not enough rubles in the stocking, I guess. How can someone cozy up to these "lone nutters", support them, defend them, praise them and still look himself in the mirror in the morning and claim to be in search for the unbiased truth? Beyond me. How can anyone else fall for it? Beyond me. So don't be so hasty in saying that this is STILL AN INCOMPLETE JIGSAW PUZZLE. There are only a few pieces left to be placed INTO MY MOSAIC anyway as far as I am concerned. Even LBJ was tied into and beholding to these Opium Trading, Clipper Shippping and Railroad Running Drug Lords from the Yale Skull and Bonesmen which includes the Skull and Bones of the Waffen SS as well, as you and others know by now. And as for the depth and the breadth of The Nazi Connections to the JFK hit, well they were legion. Gigantic, massive and far-reaching. Funny, the same people (i.e. person) who opposed the Nazi Connections, also deny the Draper-Vonsiatsky connections and the Mind Control and the Manchurian Candidate connections and they come from an Irish Mafia background, too like Murphy and MacGuire or Maguire and all the other from the Knights of Malta and the Shickshinny Knights of Malta. Hmmm... birds of a feather. Could it be that we have a real, live example of yet another obfuscator, deflector and disinformation specialist trying to pass himself off as someone in "search of the truth?" when in fact like those whose job it is to defend the Birch Society, or to protect the Canadians at the Giesbrecht Incident, or to deny the involvement of the Draper-Farish-Gray-Bush Eugenics partnership and its role in the JFK hit. Funny that all of his "friends" like Whineslow, Diaz, Angular, Krauty, Whimpey, McClendon, Kahn and others had exactly the same "role" to play. To block my efforts, to deny my contributions, to splatter my postings with grafitti, and to distort history in order to protect their friends and to blame random scapegoats. And he gladly joins in with all these other "lone nutters and obfuscators" in their attacks on me and my research. Well, you have been OFFICIALLY EXPOSED for your feeble and futile attempts for all to see, haven't you? You little weenie.

Hartford Advocate (CT) September 11, 2003 Section: News Ethnic Cleansing in Connecticut Our state's role in the Nazi eugenics movement Edwin Black Hitler and his henchmen victimized an entire continent and exterminated millions in his quest for a co-called "Master Race." But the concept of a white, blond-haired, blue-eyed master Nordic race was not Hitler's. The idea was created in the United States, and cultivated in Connecticut, two to three decades before Hitler came to power, the product of the American eugenics movement. Hartford and indeed the state of Connecticut played an important albeit unknown role in this country's campaign of ethnic cleansing. What's more, Connecticut was an important player in America's eugenic nexus with Nazi Germany. Eugenics was the racist American pseudoscience determined to wipe away all human beings except those who conformed to a Nordic stereotype. The philosophy was enshrined into national policy by forced sterilization and segregation laws, as well as marriage restrictions enacted in 27 states. In 1909, Connecticut became the third state to adopt such laws. Ultimately, eugenics coercively sterilized some 60,000 Americans, barred the marriage of thousands, forcibly segregated thousands in "colonies," and persecuted untold numbers in ways we are just learning. In Connecticut, only some 600 were coercively sterilized, but hundreds of thousands more were slated for the surgery before the plan was abandoned. Eugenics would have been so much bizarre parlor talk had it not been for massive financing by corporate philanthropies, specifically the Carnegie Institution, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Harriman railroad fortune. They were all in league with America's most respected scientists hailing from such prestigious universities as Yale, Harvard, and Princeton. These academicians faked and twisted data to serve eugenics' racist aims. Connecticut was considered both an epicenter for eugenic propaganda and a test case for ethnic cleansing. The Carnegie Institution literally invented the American movement by establishing a laboratory complex at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island. This complex stockpiled millions of index cards on ordinary Americans as the movement carefully plotted the removal of families, bloodlines and whole peoples. From Cold Spring Harbor, eugenics advocates agitated in the legislatures of America, as well as the nation's social service agencies and associations. The Harriman railroad fortune paid local charities, such as the New York Bureau of Industries and Immigration, to seek out Jewish, Italian and other immigrants in New York and other crowded cities and subject them to deportation, trumped up confinement or forced sterilization. The Rockefeller Foundation helped found and fund the German eugenics program and even funded the program that ultimately sent Josef Mengele into Auschwitz. Much of the spiritual guidance and political agitation for the American movement came from the American Eugenics Society of New Haven, and the Eugenics Research Association of Long Island, which coordinated much of its activity with the AES. These organizations -- which functioned as part of a closely-knit network, published racist eugenic newsletters and pseudoscientific journals such as Eugenical News and Eugenics, and propagandized for the Nazis. Eugenics was born as a scientific curiosity in the Victorian age. In 1863, Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, theorized that if talented people only married other talented people, the result would be measurably better offspring. At the turn of the last century, Galton's ideas were imported into the United States just as Gregor Mendel's principles of heredity were rediscovered. American eugenic advocates believed with religious fervor that the same Mendelian concepts determining the color and size of peas, corn and cattle also governed the social and intellectual character of man. In an America demographically reeling from massive immigration upheaval and torn by post-Reconstruction chaos, race conflict was everywhere in the early 20th century. Elitists, utopians and so-called "progressives" fused their smoldering race fears and class bias with their desire to make a better world. They reinvented Galton's eugenics into a repressive and racist ideology. The intent: populate the earth with vastly more of their own socio-economic and biological kind -- and less or none of everyone else. The superior species the eugenics movement sought was not merely tall, strong, talented people. Eugenicists craved blond, blue-eyed Nordic types. This group alone, they believed, was fit to inherit the earth. In the process, the movement intended to subtract Negroes, Indians, Hispanics, East Europeans, Jews, dark-haired hill folk, poor people, the infirm and really anyone classified outside the gentrified genetic lines drawn up by American raceologists. How? By identifying so-called "defective" family trees and subjecting them to lifelong segregation and sterilization programs to kill their bloodlines. The grand plan was to literally wipe away the reproductive capability of those deemed weak and inferior -- the so-called "unfit." Eighteen solutions were explored in a Carnegie-supported 1911 "Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeder's Association to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population." Although point eight was euthanasia, the breeders believed it was too early to implement this solution. Instead, the main solution was the rapid expansion of forced segregation and sterilization, as well as more marriage restrictions. The most commonly suggested method of eugenicide in America was a "lethal chamber" or gas chamber. Even the United States Supreme Court endorsed eugenics as national policy. In its infamous 1927 decision, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote, "It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind ... . Three generations of imbeciles are enough." This decision opened the floodgates for thousands to be coercively sterilized or otherwise persecuted as subhuman. Years later, the Nazis at the Nuremberg trials quoted Holmes' words in their own defense. In late 1936, Connecticut governor Wilbur Cross commissioned a "Survey of the Human Resources of Connecticut," to be undertaken by Carnegie Institution researcher Harry H. Laughlin. The purpose of the survey was to bring ethnic cleansing to Connecticut in an organized scientific fashion. Laughlin was the perfect choice. He was editor of Eugenical News, a leader of the AES, and America's most accomplished authority on preparing government-backed elimination of unfit families. After helping transplant his idea into Nazi Germany, he was awarded an honorary degree in 1937 by the University of Heidelberg. Laughlin's plan was to sterilize approximately 175,000 Connecticut residents -- or about 10 percent of the state's population. The state's eugenical laws did not require a court order. The plan was to emulate Hitler's eugenical regime whereby doctors were required to denounce those citizens considered racially or medically "unfit." The state's official report called upon the state's 2,400 physicians to assume personal responsibility for "selection of an individual for sterilization under the state's statutes which govern this means of preventing future degeneracy... . Thus when in social medicine the physician works for the elimination of human defect, he performs an invaluable service." These ideas were incorporated into a formal public address that was presented to the Yale Medical School by the eugenic commission's chairman, former U.S. Sen. Frederick C. Walcott. The state placed much of its hopes on "physicians who specialize in diseases of the eye, the ear, on nervous or mental disorders, on the heart, the lungs, the digestive system and upon crippled bodies." The plan was to eliminate the family bloodlines of anyone who was sick. Indeed, special emphasis was placed on those with even the slightest vision problems. In that regard, the nation's organized ophthalmologists had long promoted legislation to identify all those related to anyone with a vision problem so they could be rounded up, placed in camps, and their marriages prohibited or annulled. Ultimately those related to anyone with a vision problem would be forcibly sterilized. Connecticut's survey was to parallel similar biological surveys of "useful plant and animal life," as its preamble makes clear. Because eugenicists saw themselves as breeders, and indeed were encouraged by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, they considered the human species as one to be pruned and cultivated, like any herd of cattle or field of corn. Eugenicists believed that crime, poverty, immorality, unchaste behavior and other undesired traits were genetic and could not be stamped out unless the entire family was prevented from reproducing. To save expense, others would not be sterilized but simply thrown out of the state. Immigrants would be deported to their native countries. Unfit Americans would be expelled to their family's original locale. For example, an American judged unfit might be traced generations back to Kentucky or Massachusetts. That person and his entire family, under the plan, would be rounded up and deposited into the so-called originating state. Ultimately, so many people would be dumped into ancestral towns and states, creating so vast a social displacement problem, that concentration camps would be needed to handle the uprooted population. Property was to be seized to pay for their economic drain on the state. In other words, the joint Carnegie Institution-Connecticut plan was to create domestic refugees or displaced persons in a fashion identical to that employed by the Nazis at that very moment in refugee-torn Europe. Connecticut established 21 human cross-classifications to qualify them for life or eugenic treatment. Age, for example was cross-classified by "Race Descent," "Nativity and Citizenship," and "Kin in Institutions." Just being related to someone in an institution was a mark against your reproductive record. The same racial and family linkages were measured for intelligence, and criminal record. Even before the survey was undertaken, Laughlin's proposal made it clear that the targets were Negroes, Orientals, Mexicans and others who had found their way into the United States. A proposed population registry card was designed for any future IBM processing. Connecticut's plan to use IBM punch cards never came to fruition. Indeed, the American eugenics movement was less successful precisely because it lacked the punch card technology that IBM so carefully developed for the Nazi eugenic and extermination campaigns. Ironically, IBM's Nazi technology was actually first tested by the company in a pilot program in Jamaica in 1928, five years before the Hitler regime. The Carnegie Institution's 1928 Jamaica Race Crossing Project introduced the race classification card that evolved into the SS card IBM used in Germany. The Jamaica Race Crossing Project was the first step in a plan to wipe out all black people on earth. In Connecticut, Laughlin quietly surveyed 160 towns in eight counties. The first 11,960 citizens slated to be sterilized were to be residents of penal institutions -- weak, disabled, morally unacceptable or otherwise "socially inadequate." One town, Rocky Hill, was selected as a model for biological surveillance. Nearly all of the town's 2,190 citizens were registered, and almost half fingerprinted. A proposed racial registration card for IBM technology was part of the state's study. Although the planning phase of the state's comprehensive survey was completed in 1938, it was never implemented on the scope desired and as WWII approached, was cast aside. Just a few copies of the full secret report were ever circulated. Only after eugenics and race biology became entrenched as an American ideal was the campaign transplanted into Germany, where it came to Hitler's attention. Hitler studied American eugenic laws and rationales and preferred to legitimize his innate race hatred and anti-Semitism by medicalizing it, and wrapping it in a more palatable pseudoscientific facade -- eugenics. Indeed, Hitler was able to recruit more followers among reasonable Germans by claiming that science was on his side. While Hitler's race hatred sprung from his own mind, the intellectual outlines of eugenics that Hitler adopted in 1924 were strictly American. During the '20s, Carnegie Institution eugenic scientists cultivated deep personal and professional relationships with Germany's fascist eugenicists. In 1924, when Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, he frequently quoted American eugenic ideology and openly displayed a thorough knowledge of American eugenics and its phraseology. "There is today one state," wrote Hitler, "in which at least weak beginnings toward a better conception [of immigration] are noticeable. Of course, it is not our model German Republic, but the United States." Hitler proudly told his comrades just how closely he followed American eugenic legislation. "I have studied with great interest," he told a fellow Nazi, "the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock." Hitler even wrote a fan letter to American eugenic leader Madison Grant calling his race-based eugenics book, The Passing of the Great Race, his "bible." Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess, coined a popular adage in the Reich: "National Socialism is nothing but applied biology." Hitler's struggle for a superior race would be a mad crusade for a Master Race. Now, the American term "Nordic" was freely exchanged with "Germanic" or "Aryan." Race science, racial purity and racial dominance became the driving force behind Hitler's Nazism. Nazi eugenics would ultimately dictate who would be persecuted in a Reich-dominated Europe, how people would live, and how they would die. Nazi doctors would become the unseen generals in Hitler's war against the Jews and other Europeans deemed inferior. Doctors would create the science, devise the eugenic formulas, and even hand-select the victims for sterilization, euthanasia and mass extermination. During the Reich's first 10 years, eugenicists across America welcomed Hitler's plans as the logical fulfillment of their own decades of research and effort. Ten years after Virginia passed its 1924 sterilization act, Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent of Virginia's Western State Hospital, complained in the Richmond Times-Dispatch, "The Germans are beating us at our own game." In 1934, as Germany's sterilizations were accelerating beyond 5,000 per month, the California eugenic leader C. M. Goethe upon returning from Germany ebulliently bragged to a key colleague, "You will be interested to know, that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought ... . I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people." More than just the scientific roadmap, America used its money to fund and help found Germany's eugenic institutions. By 1926, Rockefeller had donated some $410,000 -- almost $4 million in 20th century money -- to hundreds of German researchers. For example, in May of 1926, Rockefeller awarded $250,000 to the German Psychiatric Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute to become the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry. Among the leading psychiatrists at the German Psychiatric Institute was Ernst Rüdin, who became director and eventually an architect of Hitler's systematic medical repression. Another in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute's eugenic complex of institutions was the Institute for Brain Research. Since 1915, it had operated out of a room. Everything changed when Rockefeller money arrived in 1929. A grant of $317,000 allowed the Institute to construct a major building and take center stage in German race biology. The Institute for Brain Research received additional grants from the Rockefeller Foundation during the next several years. Leading the Institute, once again, was Hitler's medical henchman Ernst Rüdin. Rüdin's organization became a prime director and recipient of the murderous experimentation and research conducted on Jews, Gypsies and others. Beginning in 1940, thousands of Germans taken from old age homes, mental institutions and other custodial facilities were systematically gassed. Between 50,000 and 100,000 were eventually killed. Leon Whitney, executive secretary of the American Eugenics Society declared of Nazism, "While we were pussy-footing around ... the Germans were calling a spade a spade." A special recipient of Rockefeller funding was the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics in Berlin. For decades, American eugenicists had craved twins to advance their research into heredity. The Institute was now prepared to undertake such research on an unprecedented level. On May 13, 1932, the Rockefeller Foundation in New York dispatched a radiogram to its Paris office: JUNE MEETING EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE NINE THOUSAND DOLLARS OVER THREE YEAR PERIOD TO KWG INSTITUTE ANTHROPOLOGY FOR RESEARCH ON TWINS AND EFFECTS ON LATER GENERATIONS OF SUBSTANCES TOXIC FOR GERM PLASM. At the time of Rockefeller's endowment, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, a hero in American eugenics circles, functioned as a head of the Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics. Rockefeller funding of the Institute for Anthropology continued directly and through other research conduits during Verschuer's early tenure. In 1935, Verschuer left the Institute to form a rival eugenic facility in Frankfurt that was much heralded in the American eugenic press. Research on twins in the Third Reich exploded, backed up by government decrees mobilizing all twins. At about that time, Verschuer wrote in Der Erbarzt, a eugenic doctor's journal he edited, that Germany's war would yield a "total solution to the Jewish problem." Verschuer had a long-time assistant. His name was Josef Mengele. On May 30, 1943, Mengele arrived at Auschwitz. Verschuer notified the German Research Society, "My assistant, Dr. Josef Mengele (M.D., Ph.D.) joined me in this branch of research. He is presently employed as Hauptsturmführer [captain] and camp physician in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Anthropological testing of the most diverse racial groups in this concentration camp is being carried out with permission of the SS Reichsführer [Himmler]." Mengele began searching the boxcar arrivals for twins. When he found them, he performed beastly experiments, scrupulously wrote up the reports and sent the paperwork back to Verschuer's Institute for evaluation. Often, cadavers, eyes and other body parts were also dispatched to Berlin's eugenic institutes. Rockefeller executives never knew of Mengele. With few exceptions, the foundation had ceased all eugenic studies in Nazi-occupied Europe before the war erupted in 1939. But by that time the die had been cast. The talented men Rockefeller and Carnegie had financed, the great institutions they helped found, and the science it helped create took on a scientific momentum of their own. What stopped the race biologists of Berlin, Munich and Auschwitz? Certainly, the Nazis felt they were unstoppable. They imagined a Thousand-Year Reich of super-bred men. But something did defeat Mengele and his colleagues. On June 6, 1944, the Allies invaded at Normandy and began defeating the Nazis, town by town and often street by street. They closed in on Germany from the west. The Soviet army overran the Auschwitz death camp from the east on January 27, 1945. Mengele fled. Hence, Auschwitz was indeed the last stand of eugenics. The science of the strong almost completely prevailed in its war against the weak. Almost. After the war, eugenics was declared a crime against humanity -- an act of genocide. Germans were tried. Their American collaborators were not. Verschuer himself escaped prosecution. He re-established his connections with American eugenicists who had gone underground and renamed their crusade "human genetics." Soon, Verschuer once again became a respected scientist in Germany and around the world. In 1949, he became a corresponding member of the newly formed American Society of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists and geneticists. In the fall of 1950, the University of Münster offered Verschuer a position at its new Institute of Human Genetics, where he later became a dean. In the early and mid-1950s, Verschuer became an honorary member of numerous prestigious societies, including the Italian Society of Genetics, the Anthropological Society of Vienna, and the Japanese Society for Human Genetics. The genocidal eugenic roots of genetics were lost to a victorious generation that refused to link itself to the crimes of Nazism, and succeeding generations that never knew the truth of the years leading up to war. Human genetics became an enlightened endeavor in the later 20th century. Hard-working, devoted scientists finally cracked the human code via the Human Genome Project. Now every individual can be biologically identified and classified by trait and ancestry. Yet even now, leading voices in the genetic world are calling for a cleansing of the unwanted among us, and even a master human species. Newgenics has wracked the insurance and employment world. At press time, America's first genetic anti-discrimination legislation had passed the House and Senate. Yet most informed observers believe that because globalization now dominates genetics, no nation's law can stop the abuses. Edwin Black is the New York Times best-selling author of the award-winning IBM and the Holocaust and the just-released War Against the Weak (Four Walls Eight Windows) from which this article is adapted. He can be reached via: www.edwinblack.com.

Thanks for that summary. Seems to support the thesis I have been developing for the last year or so and the one that Antonin Chaitkin and Webster Tarpley have been developing since the mid-1980's. Linda Minor got onto that case about 2000 so I guess Russ Baker and I are the Johnny-come-latelys on this one, too. Strange as it may seem my analysis of the members of the wedding party at the Taft-Draper in their 1917 wedding started me in this direction. On the JFK Assassination Forum look for terms like "drug-lords", "Taft-Draper" and Clipper Ships and you can all trace back my recent research on these subjects. My major contribution to understanding this group of "Illuminati" who used Yale's Skull and Bones Society as their breeding ground for future world leaders, was to make certain that the Eugenics aspect was fully covered. The Farish, Gray, Bush and Draper families are the best examples. And they were not beyond using Mind Control and Assassinations to get their way either when just raw Eugenics did not get the job done fast enough. When I used to read about the "Illuminati" and the "Skull and Bones" crowd at Yale and their sympathy with the Waffen SS, I sort of blanched and turned the other way, but now... I am all ears once again. It is good to see someone like a Russ Baker get onto this "power elite" case, but it may well be too little, too late. Check out http://www.tarpley.net and read Chapter 7 of the Bush family saga. And check out the Draper Wedding links I placed on the JFK forum, too. This cabal of monopolistic merchant-bankers and military-industrial warmongerers goes back to the British East India Company who used their Clipper Ships to traffic in slaves, drugs, tea, spices, cotton, tobacco and sugar. And when they realized that fruit could not survive a trans-Atlantic journey they set up various Banana Republic slave plantations to grow fruit and sugar first for the Prestons and the Drapers as Boston Fruit and later for United Fruit and the Cabots, the Forbes, the Dulles', the Coolidges and the Prestons. The Drapers used slave labor first to run Cotton slave plantations, then later the Textile Mills owned by Company Towns which were little more than modified slave labor camps. When Lincoln messed up their cotton plantations, they turned to the Banana slave labor camps and then when FDR ruined their company town textile mills by passing Social Security and supporting unions they tried to kill him in the Smedley Butler coup attempt. When JFK messed with their profits by raising taxes, passing OSHA, supporting unions and lobbying for Civil Rights in the South as evidenced by "Ole Miss" and interfering with their profit motive for the Viet Nam war, that was the last straw. He was put on their "hit list" and was summarily tried and executed without a trial. As L. Fletcher Prouty once said: "I guess we taught him a thing or two." Or as GLK Smith once said: "The Kennedys are nothing but whore-mongering, whisky swigging fake Catholics, who want to take this country away from the God-fearing, White Christian American Patriots just like you and me and give it over on a silver platter to all the Spics, the Niggras and the Kikes." And the rest is history. Here is the Unauthorized Biography of George H. W. Bush as in George Herbert Walker Bush from G. H. Walker, Laird as in Melvin Laird http://www.tarpley.net/bushb.htm Read it now or forever hold your peace.

I think it is. Here is the bread crumb trail I am showing... The Education Forum > Controversial Issues in History > JFK Assassination Debate > The Nazi Connection to the JFK Assassination by Mae Brussel and Bill Turner Nice photo by the way. Fish-eye lens, right?

This article was posted at: http://www.ctrl.org/essay2/index.html The Nazi Connection to the JFK Assassination The following articles and excerpts document the Nazi connection to the JFK assassination. Excerpt From "The Nazi Connection to the John F. Kennedy Assassination" © 1983 LFP, Inc. (from The Rebel, Nov. 22, 1983) Reprinted in "The Mae Brussel Reader" © 1991 Prevailing Winds Research P.O. Box 23511 Santa Barbara, CA 93121 Send for their catalog, you will enjoy it! 1963: A Few Connections in Dallas Gen. Walter Dornberger, Michael and Ruth Paine When George de Mohrenschildt was busy introducing Lee and Marina to the Dallas-Ft. Worth White Russian displaced Czarists, he managed to keep the social level equal with his American contacts. One casual dinner in the company of Michael and Ruth Paine, and that was enough meeting to set the Oswald's course. George and Jeane didn't have to meet with them again. Ruth Paine would provide housing for Marina while Lee went to New Orleans. A few weeks later, she drove Marina to join Lee. After summer vacation at Wood's Hole, Mass., Ruth returned and brought Marina to her home in Irving, Texas, while Lee was on the bus to Mexico with Albert Osborne/John Bowen, and four other Solidarists from the Russian network. After Kennedy was murdered, the Dallas police rushed to the Paine's home. From that garage and elsewhere, via the Paines, came most of the incriminating evidence against Oswald. The alleged murder weapon never could be proven by the Warren Commission as ever having come from their garage. The cropped photo that Life printed with Oswald holding a rifle came from a box removed from the garage, taken to the police department, then returned the next day, with nobody present to indicate where it came from. Accessory after the fact, the letter was delivered to Marina in December undated and unsigned, to cover up General Walker's anxiety to blame a "Communist,' Lee, for shooting at him in April and came from Ruth to Marina. It wasn't in the home before then. The Warren Commission required planted evidence sometimes in order to divert from Lee Oswald's links to the Defense Department, assisted by Ruth and Michael Paine. Michael Paine's occupation at Bell Aircraft is the Defense Department. This job requires security clearances, so what would the unlikely Oswalds be doing in his home? Oswald, the "defector?" Paine's boss at Bell Aircraft as Director of Research and Development, was none other than the notorious war criminal General Walter Dornberger. Dornberger was supposed to be hanged at Nuremburg for his war crimes, slave labor and mass murders. The British warned the U.S. not to let him live because even after the war he was conniving for another one. As stated, "Dornberger is a menace of the first order who is untrustworthy. His attitude will turn ally against ally and he would become a source of irritation and future unrest." (Project Paperclip, Clarence Lansey.) The very first call to authorities after the gun went off on November 22, 1963, was from an employee at Bell Helicopter who suggested "Oswald did it." Police never located the source of both Oswald addresses that day. Michael Paine took Lee to a meeting with General Edwin Walker shortly before the assassination. Soon Oswald would be charged with having shot Walker in April, and Walker would be calling his nazi cronies in Germany 24 hours after JFK was killed telling them he finally solved "who shot through his window" seven months earlier: the same Oswald. Who were the Paines? To believe the Warren Commission and the CIA staff of lawyers, they were Mr. and Mrs. Good Neighbor, all heart, altruistic. Ruth simply wanted to learn more Russian from a native. For that price, she housed Marina, a two-year-old daughter, a new infant, with all the fuss and mess of three extras in a tiny house. Michael Paine was a descendant of the Cabots on both sides. His cousin Thomas Dudley Cabot, former president of United Fruit, had offered their Gibraltar Steamship as a cover for the CIA during the Bay of Pigs. Another cousin was Alexander Cochrane Forbes, a director of United Fruit and trustee of Cabot, Cabot, and Forbes. Both Allen Dulles and John J. McCloy were part of the United Fruit team. The Paine family had links with circles of the OSS and the CIA. Ruth Hyde Paine maintained close ties with the Forbes families. Peter Dale Scott investigated the Paines, "the patrician Paine and Forbes families." A far cry from anybody's neighbor. Michael's education came as a tradition, third generation physicist at Harvard before working for Bell Helicopter. The British were correct on the Dornberger evaluation. Another clue to Albert Speer, the Reichmaster for Munitions and War Production, and General Dornberger, is their meeting as early as April, 1943. When it was obvious to Hitler they would be losing the war against the USSR, all top Nazis made detailed plans for two years on how to proceed next. Speer met with Dornberger, at Peenemunde, the missile and rocket factory run with Werner Von Braun, and instructed him in "the dispersion of functions throughout the Reich." Translated, that meant get ready to come to the U.S. Lee Harvey Oswald, Albert Osborne When Lee Harvey Oswald entered Mexico at Laredo, Texas, on Sept. 26, 1963, his companion on the Red Arrow bus was Albert Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen. Bowen-Osborne had been running a school for highly professional marksmen in Oaxaca, Mexico, since 1934. The cover for the place was his particular mission, and he was the missionary. The FBI records on Bowen go back to June 4, 1942, in Henderson Springs, Tennessee. He operated a camp for boys known as "Campfire Council." Neighbors complained it was for pro-nazi activities with young fascists. Bowen vehemently opposed the U.S. going to war with nazi Germany. They stomped on the American flag. Before that, Bowen worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority since 1933. His dual citizenship between Great Britain and the U.S. took him over the entire globe. So did his use of multiple aliases. After the Warren Commission published their report in September 1964, several attorneys in the Southwest recognized the name of Osborne. September 8, 1952, Jake Floyd was murdered. The target was meant to be his father, District Judge Floyd. Two suspects were caught, one got away. Their testimony was about being hired by Osborne and how he ran the school for assassins. Later investigation revealed Osborne's connections to Division V of the FBI, and to Clay Shaw's Centro Mondiale Commerciale, with funding coming from New Orleans for the CIA, Anti-Castro Cubans, and others. Lee Harvey Oswald applied for a tourist card to enter Mexico while still in New Orleans on September 17, 1963 Four other persons, having consecutive tourist numbers, departed nine days later, like Oswald, all to arrive at the same time, entering from several different cities. They were part of the White Russian Solidarists, the Gehlen emigre community that Lee and Marina mingled with. This assassination team funded Maurice Brooks Gatlin, Guy Bannister, and the Miami office of Double Check Corporation. J. Edgar Hoover's Division V, Domestic Intelligence, working with the American Council of Christian Churches, had used this group from the Bowen-Osbome academy of assassins. Volume XXV of the Hearings has many pages of interviews with people who had sent money to Jack Bowen. They never met him, and some like Mrs. Bessie White, Pikesville, Tenn., mailed $35 a month to John Howard Bowen who she believed had been doing missionary work for 18 years in Mexico." Osborne-Bowen had a mission. Lee Harvey Oswald, agent from U.S. Defense Dept., had a team of doubles impersonating his behavior, leaving trails of anti-American frustration and meetings with various people. While Oswald was in Mexico just prior to Kennedy's murder the purposes were concealed. Meanwhile, the CIA and various authorities led Oswald to the Cuban Embassy, the Soviet Embassy. When the face or voices didn't match the authentic Oswald, it didn't matter, given a difference of 40 to SO pounds and shape. What came from all this was the conclusion that Oswald had really wanted to go to Cuba next. Which Oswald, and why? This was to finalize with the illusion of an Oswald-Casto admiration just days before Kennedy would be killed. "Treason for My Daily Bread" Argentina and Martin Bormann In August 1971, a French paper headlined a news story, "Martin Bormann behind the Kennedy murders." It listed an international band of killers that was located in Texas. They carried out the two assassinations at the German command. Six years later, June 8, 1977, the London Guardian reported, "Bormann Linked with Kennedy Murder." This story was based on a new book titled, Treason for My Daily Bread by Mikhail Lebedev. Lebedev detailed how Martin Bormann left Europe, established his current life in Paraguay, and how the fatal head shot to Kennedy was delivered by an agent paid by Bormann, alias of Zed. Is any of this true? Many of these allegations and names come together with both Paris Flammonde's The Kennedy Conspiracy and the Nomenclature of an Assassination Cabal, known as the "Torbitt Document." "Zed" allegedly used a .45 for the final shot. Buddy Walters, murdered January 10, 1969, picked up a .45 slug in Dealey Plaza and gave it to the Dallas Police. There were two possible assassination teams in Dallas. The military from Munich, Germany, that was to take over the YAF, with Robert Morris' help, have yet to be identified or interviewed. (Morris from U.S. intelligence, having to do with USSR covert work.) Gen. Edwin Walker's arrangement with U.S. Military in Germany or, the arrival of such people for Nov. 22, 1963, is open to question. Albert Osborne's "mission" in Mexico, with direct links to Clay Shaw's Centro Mondiale Commerciale, has never been touched. This was the international band of killers with the Borghese-James Angleton operations working throughout the world. Otto Skorzeny's CIA and Reinhard Gehlen death squads, with headquarters in Madrid, were founded by Martin Bormann when the Evita Peron funds were shared after 1952. Lebedev mentions "Ruth," David Ferrie, Clay Shaw, Guy Bannister, and Colonel Orlov. The very first day George de Mohrenschildt visited Marina Oswald she was alone and Lee was working. He brought with him a "Colonel Orlov." The House Select Committee on Assassinations "investigated" the murder of President John E Kennedy from 1976-1978. The information about Bormann was available from 1971. Treason for My Daily Bread was published while they were supposed to be finding the smoking gun. G. Robert Blakey, Chief Consul for the Committee, refused to admit any research or documents on these subjects. He would hang up the telephone and even refused to say if he had ever seen the Torbitt Document. Six million dollars was allotted by Congress to investigate the assassination of president Kennedy. Martin Bormann may have had his motives for his actions through the years. What were G. Robert Blakey's? What form of prosecution should be suggested for committees paid to uncover the truth who continuously sweep under the rug? In A Study of a Master Spy, published in London in 196l, Bob Edwards, a member of Parliament and Kenneth Dunne, presented documentary evidence that Allen Dulles of the CIA carried on secret conferences with representatives of Hitler's SS Security Office in February and March 1943. They learned that "Official Washington knew Martin Bormann, Deputy Fuhrer of Hitler's Germany, master-minded the international 'Die Spirule' (Spider) underground organization which is planning to revive nazism as soon as West Germany is adequately rearmed by the United States. Official Washington seems disinterested." With John J. McCloy, Allen Dulles and J. Edgar Hoover in control of the Kennedy assassination investigation, these nazi connections were buried. The Bunge Corporation, Argentina & Germany The stock market dropped 24 points in 27 minutes when news of President Kennedy's assassination was announced. 2.6 million shares were sold off. It was the greatest panic since 1929. Somebody made a huge profit selling short in many markets. Somebody made half a billion dollars in one day. Coincidentally, the Allied Crude Vegetable Oil Refining Corporation, headed by New Jersey commodities dealer Anthony De Angeles, crashed the same day, driving the market down. Allied Crude was controlled by U.S. American Bunge Corporation and financially controlled by a group of share-holders headquartered in Argentina, known as "Bunge and Born, LDA." Business Week of October 19. 1963, one month before the Kennedy assassination, described the Born family in Argentina, the biggest shareholders for Bunge, as being from Europe, specifically Germany. Everything about Bunge has German influence. They have a $2 billion annual business in 80 countries. There are over 110 offices, all linked by Telex and under-the-ocean telegraph channels. The Bunge Corporation is referred to as "the Octopus." The book Were We Controlled? detailed the relationship of the Bunge Corporation, the foreknowledge of Kennedy's murder, and the Argentine-German connections. 1960 Elections: Richard Nixon vs. John F. Kennedy Before the election of 1960, a group within the Christian Right plotted to kill Jokn Kennedy in Van Nuys, California while he was still a candidate. The group was a meld of anti-Castro Cubans, Minutemen and home-grown nazis. Some were sought by Jim Garrison, following his arrest of Clay Shaw, for testimony before the New Orleans grand jury. When Garrison forwarded extradition papers for Edgar Eugene Bradley, a member of the group, Governor Ronald Reagan refused to sign them. The leader of one of these groups, the Christian Defense League (CDL), was the Reverend William P. Gale. During the war Gale had been an Army colonel in the Philippines training guerrilla bands. His superior officer was Willoughby. By the late 1950s Gale was recruiting veterans for his "Identity" group, which was financed by a wealthy Los Angeles man. One of the CDL's contacts was Captain Robert K. Brown, a special forces professional from Fort Benning, Georgia. Brown was working with anti-Castro Cubans, mercenaries similar to Skorzeny's teams. Brown is now publisher of Soldier of Fortune magazine and paramilitary texts such as Silencers, Snipers and Assassins. The book explains how Mitchell WerBell made special weapons for the CIA, Bay of Pigs assault squads and other customers. WerBell, son of a wealthy Czarist cavalry officer, perfected a silencer so effective a gun can be shot in one room and not heard in the next. It is ideal for assassinations. There had been prolonged controversy about how many shots were fired the day Kennedy was killed. The President's wounds, nicks on the limousine and curb, and other bullet evidence indicated quite a few. But the Warren Commission concluded there were only three. It took the testimony of spectators in Dealey Plaza who said they only heard three. It never considered the possibility that silencer-fitted guns were fired. When Clay Shaw was arrested by Jim Garrison the news was of particular interest to the Italian newspaper Paesa Sera. It followed up with a story that Shaw belonged to a cover organization in Rome named Cenuo Mondiale Commerciale (CMC). Its location was frequently moved, its presidents rotated; its modus operandi altered. CMC included Italian fascists, elements of the European paramilitary right, the CIA, and the U.S. Defense Department. There were major shareholders with banks located in Switzerland, Miami, Basel and other major cities. CMC had been formed in 1961, one year after Kennedy was elected. Its principals had worked with fascist networks established after World War II. The board of directors numbered Ferenc Nagy, a former Hungarian premier who led that country's Anti-Communist Countrymen's Party in exile. J. Edgar Hoover brought Nagy to the United States, where there were numerous Gehlen-supported emigre organizations. On August 18, 1951, the Saturday Evening Post pictured Nagy with Czech, Pole, Hungarian and Russian exiles under the heading: "They Want Us To Go to War Right Now." On November 22, 1963 Nagy was living in Dallas. CMC was actually a subsidiary of Swiss-based Permindex, whose president was Prince Gutierez de Spadafora, Italian industrialist and large landowner. Spadafora's daughter-in-law was related to Hjalmar Schacht. Clay Shaw, who managed the New Orleans International Trade Mart, was a director. Another was Giorgio Mantello, aka George Mandel, who would later move to New Orleans. Once convicted of "criminal activities" in Switzerland, Mantello worked closely with his fellow Hungarian Nagy. One of the goals of the CMC was that "Rome will recover once again her position as center of the civilized world." Major L. M. Bloomfield, a veteran of the OSS who resided in Montreal, was a suspect Garrison wanted to question. In Canada he reportedly controlled Credit Suisse, Heineken's Breweries, Israel Continental Company, Grimaldo Siosa Lines and other international firms. Shaw's name was found among eleven directors of a company in Montreal that actually was based in Rome. Who was giving the virtually unlimited money to CMC, and who was getting it? The answer might have been found in the huge amounts that flowed out of Evita Peron's accounts. Paesa Sera reported on March 4, 1967 that CMC was a creature of the CIA serving as a money conduit, and that Shaw and Bloomfield conducted illegal political espionage under its cover. In New Orleans, Shaw was the respected citizen who had helped restore the French Quarter. In Rome he was a vital member of the boards of twin companies dealing with fascists accused of European assassinations. Shaw's address book contained the private number of Principessa Marcelle Borghese, now Duchessa de Bomartao, who is related to Prince Valerio Borghese. Called the "Black Prince" and "The New Duce," Borghese was leader of the Movimento Sociale Italiano, a neo-fascist syndicate. The Black Prince, who was a decorated submarine captain in the First World War, was convicted of cooperating with the nazis in WW II and given 12 years in prison. The Black Prince is the same Borghese rescued by the CIA's James J. Angleton. No wonder Angleton was awarded the Sovereign Military Order of Malta by the Pope after the war. It might explain what Angleton was hinting at when questioned about the murder of JFK: "A mansion has many rooms; there were many things during the period; I 'm not privy to who struck John." Clay Shaw's affiliation with Permindex would plug in later to Argentina, Spain, Rome, New Orleans and Dallas. The international range of hit teams, using CIA money diverted overseas to cover companies set up by the Gehlen Organization, started coming together after Shaw's arrest. In November, 1960 it would be Nixon versus Kennedy. Frank Sinatra introduced Judith Exner to John Kennedy on the eve of the New Hampshire primary. A few weeks later Sinatra introduced Judith Exner to Chicago Mafia boss Sam Giancana. So Exner became involved, as William Safire put it, in a "dual affair with the nation's most powerful mobster and the nation's most powerful political leader." Giancana was busy with more than his love life; he was hired to form assassination teams to go after Fidel Castro. The man who retained him was Robert Maheu, a former FBI and CIA operative. It was a classic cutoff. Maheu never mentioned that the CIA was behind it. He intimated to Giancana that wealthy Cuban exiles were providing the funds. This sounded plausible, since Maheu was Howard Hughes' right-hand man. Giancana put his Los Angeles lieutenant, Johnny Roselli, in charge of the hit squads. In 1978 when the House Select Committee questioned him, Roselli hinted that his assignment was aimed at Kennedy as well as Castro. Shortly afterward, his body was found floating in an oil drum off the Florida coast. Giancana never got a chance to testify. He was shot to death in his Chicago home. The Howard Hughes organization, used as a cover for the kill-Castro conspiracy, (Hughes thought it was a patriotic idea) has long retained Carl Byoir Associates as its public relations arm. Throughout the war Byoir represented nazi bankers and industrialists and the I.G. Farben interests. One of his clients was Ernest Schmitz, member of the I.G. Farben-Ilgner and the German American Board of Trade. His Information Services was subsidized by the nazi government. George Sylvester Viereck, editor of the German Library of Information, was also in business with Byoir. A lucrative Byoir client was the Frederick Flick Group. Flick, a Nuremberg defendant released by McCloy, was the single greatest power behind the nazi military muscle. Frederick Flick's son was close to the W.R. Grace Company, and invested over $400,000 in partnership with J. Peter Grace in the United States. During the war, W.R. Grace was accused in a military report of protecting a certain nazi Colonel Brite in Bolivia. In 1951, when the CIA smuggled Barbie out of Germany, he was sent to join the same Colonel Brite. George de Mohrenschildt was a close associate of the company's founder, William Grace. De Mohrenschildt was a man of many faces. He befriended Lee and Marina Oswald, introducing them to the White Russian community. He made phone calls to obtain Lee jobs and housing. As he told it to the Warren Commission, he was fascinated with this strange couple just out of Russia. But at the Petroleum Club in Dallas, De Mohrenschildt sang the praises of Heinrich Himmler. His travels took him all over the world on missions identified with intelligence. In 1956 he was employed by Pantetic Oil Company owned by the family of William Buckley. De Mohrenschildt often discussed Oswald with J. Walton Moore, the CIA's Domestic Contacts Division resident in Dallas. In the spring of l963, just after visiting the Oswalds, he went to Washington. There is a record of a phone call de Mohrenschildt made on May 7, 1963, to the Army Chief of Staff for intelligence. The same month he had a meeting in person with a member of that staff. His military connections seem to have been wide. One of the first persons de Morgenschildt took the Oswalds to see in Dallas was retired Admiral Chester Barton. Although De Mohrenschildt and his wife Jeanne testified at length before the Warren Commission, only attorney Albert Jenner and Pentagon historian Alfred Goldberg attended. One of Jenner's clients was General Dynamics, maker of the F-111 fighter that would achieve fame in Vietnam. The chief of security for General Dynamics in Dallas, Max Clark, was another De Mohrenschildt associate donating money to help Marina while George got Lee his next job in Dallas. He found one at the graphics house of Jagger-Chiles-Stovall, which held classified military contracts. Jeanne de Mohrenschildt was originally brought to the U.S. by a family member employed by the Howard Hughes organization. In 1977 George was found fatally shot, allegedly a suicide, on the day a House Select Committee investigator came by looking for him. Jeanne consented to a press interview. She said George had been a nazi spy. The placement de Mohrenschildt got for Oswald allowed him to visit the Sol Bloom agency at least 40 times. It was this agency that later decided the motorcade route for Kennedy's fatal visit. Ruth Paine, whom Oswald met via George, had called Roy Truly and procured work for Oswald at the Texas School Book Depository. If Maydell and the Gehlen agents were active in the U.S. they knew all the right moves to secure their patsy. -------------------------------------------------------- How Nixon Actually Got Into Power By Mae Brussell From "The Realist", August, 1972 The rise of Adolph Hitler and fascism in Germany was carefully planned. It began with the illegal rearmament of a covert army following defeat in World War I, which was an intentional, secretive breaking of the Versailles Treaty disarmament agreements. American munition manufacturers and industrialists aided the clandestine military leaders of Germany in their rearmament. (1) Over four hundred political assassinations of legitimate government officials from various agencies in Germany took place during that period. These murders were necessary for the desired power and position the hidden German government needed. German law courts, plus their Supreme Court, assisted the growing military regime from 1920-1933. Two governments, one official and legal, one clandestine and secretive, existed side by side, Hitler, front man and leader of the illegal arms, mistaken for comical by the intellectuals, was administered the oath as Chancellor of the German Reich January 30, 1933. The rise of Richard Nixon in the United States was carefully planned. An illegal attitude towards the Versailles Treaty allowed American financiers to feed and support Germany's illegal rearmament. An illegal attitude toward the Geneva Accord was also approved by Dwight Eisenhower for Indochina in 1945.. (2) A study of our State department and espionage establishment reveals that we had clandestine, secret armies functioning both abroad and in the United States. (3) Hundreds of political assassinations, plus the Supreme Court, have supported this clandestine government and military regime by lending their name to the concealment of the conspiracies to murder our leaders. They refuse to examine documents that exist, allow truth to remain locked in the National Archives on the basis of the lie, "national security." Richard Nixon, front man and leader of this illegal government, mistaken for comical by the intellectuals, was administered the oath of president of the United States on January 20, 1969. Military and industrial fanatics felt deprived and defeated when John Kennedy would not make war with the Soviet Union as late as 1961. E.M. Dealey, militant publisher of the Dallas News, told President Kennedy, 'We need a man on horseback to lead this nation. Too many people in Texas and the Southwest think you are riding Caroline's tricycle." (4) Two years later, in Dealey Plaza, John Kennedy was murdered. He feared the hidden government behind his back, publicly stating he wanted "to splinter the CIA in a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds."(5) The day our President was murdered, the streets of Dallas were filled with posters and handbills proclaiming him a traitor. This was the same motivation for illegal assassinations and killings in pre-Nazi, and Nazi Germany. (6) The Warfare State was set free, following November 22, 1963, to show its ugly face. The war in Asia began to escalate, with no noticeable provocations, only three weeks after the murder of President Kennedy. (7) John Foster Dulles was U.S. Secretary of State from 1953-1959. Before and following these years heading the State Department, this public servant wielded tremendous power and influence with the military and industrial monopolies of power and wealth in the world. He was the architect of "containing Communism."(8) Mr. Dulles confided, "President Eisenhower surrendered all his power to me." In 1956 he said, "Don't bother about what the President said. I write what he says.'(9) The State Department was "in my hat." You did not have to rely on the department or its bureaucracy. (10) His brother, Allen Dulles, headed our spy agency formerly known as the OSS. As long as John Foster Dulles was Secretary of State, Allen Dulles had no need to "chafe under political control." Both brothers "placed supreme confidence in their personal judgments." They were completely trusted and were able to act at will and " shielded from any unpleasant consequences." (11) Adolph Hitler declared war in 1941. By 1942 Allen Dulles was moved to Switzerland for the purpose of rounding up and importing to the United States, German "specialists." Two years before the war ended, or its fate was decided, the United States was making arrangements for Nazi scientists, arms experts to come to our democracy (for which the boys were fighting and dying at that moment). (12) From 1945 until 1952 the U.S. military brought over 642 alien "specialists" and their families from nazi Germany. They were known collectively by the code name "paperclip." German missile and rocket experts, munition makers, war experts were carefully selected and located into aerospace programs, war industries, armament factories, defense and warfare manufacturing.(13) Violent anti-communist fears by the military and munition makers justified the exchange for a once democratic nation into the fascist state we have today. Members of the nazi party now hold key positions in our universities, factories, aircraft and aerospace programs.(14) When the nazi empire collapsed in 1945, ex-nazi General Reinhard Gehlen joined forces with our OSS. Gehlen was placed in charge of wartime intelligence for Foreign Armies East. "It was not long before Gehlen was back in business, this time for the United States. Gehlen named his price and terms."'(15) A series of meetings was arranged at the Pentagon with nazi Gehlen, Allen Dulles, J. Edgar Hoover and others.(16) The Gehlen organization combined forces and agents with the OSS, which was soon to become known as the CIA. Experts in clandestine and illegal control of Germany through political assassinations and reversal of judicial processes became the new teachers for Allen Dulles and Richard Helms. They helped form the new CIA in 1947, based upon clandestine activities in nazi Germany.(17) Espionage networks were supposedly to spy out secrets of other nations. Instead they have secretly engaged in clandestine political actions, stirred revolts, overthrown governments and attempted to bring about political change. The method of maintaining billion dollar war machines and related armament and aircraft factories requires controlling people, political leaders, and otherwise legal governmental agencies. The Communist scare, hot war and cold war propaganda, would continue to manipulate the majority of the people. This scare was the brainchild of the fascist strategist Enter Richard Milhous Nixon. He applied to serve in the FBI following graduation from law school. No answer followed. When World War 2 was declared, Nixon requested sea duty and was assigned to the South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command.(18) Nixon's 15 months in the South Pacific ended when he was transferred to Fleet Air Wing 8 at Alameda, Califomia, and from there he was assigned on special orders to the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics. The Navy assigned him to "winding up" active contracts with such aircraft firms as Bell and Glenn Martin.(19) That year was 1945, when importation proceedings began for the 642 nazi rocket and aerospace experts and scientists from Germany to the U.S. Through the "generosity of the Guggenheim Foundation they obtained a suitable site - a huge medieval castle, built by financier Jay Gould on a 160-acre estate at Sands Point, Long Island. Here the Germans began work on a secret project for the Navy's Office of Research and Inventions.(21) April, May, June and July, 1945, worldwide attention fell upon German atrocities. From Belsen, Nordhusen, Buchenwald, and Dachau came stories of slaughter and grotesque medical research conducted in the name of science. Public opinion polls gave no evidence of generous feelings toward any group in the German population. But opinions do not automatically create Policy . (22) By 1945 the armed services accepted the nazis' skills and mentality as indispensable to our military power. Young advisors could not fully appreciate the concern about clandestine maneuvers after World War I, and were not alarmed by the devastation and destruction of the Third Reich. They looked upon the German scientists with excitement and anticipation.(23) The Department of Navy was the first to act upon the importation process.(27) States to benefit economically from the influx of munition makers, rocket and space industries, warfare hardware were based in the South and Southwest. Segregated, racist states were natural habitats for imported Germans. Cold war propaganda, perpetuated by hatred of the Soviet Union and much of Asia, was financed and fostered for the most part in Florida, Louisiana, Georgia, Ohio, Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico and Califomia. The same mentality that allowed genocidal, inhuman slaughters on the continent of Europe built machinery to extend pain and warfare in Southeast Asia. Richard Nixon was in New York, serving in the Navy, the summer that importation plans started going into effect. He soon moved to Maryland where a very important telegram was to arrive. "He wanted to get out of the service, but there was the great question, 'What now?' While he pondered his alternatives, events and circumstances were deciding the question for him. A telegram was the instrument of fate. (28) In August, 1945, a Committee of One Hundred Men located in California placed an advertisement in 26 newspapers: WANTED-Congressman candidate with no previous political experience to defeat a man who has represented the district in the House for ten years. Any young man, resident of district, preferably a veteran, fair education, no political strings or obligations and possessor of a few ideas for betterment of country at large may apply for the job. Applicants will be reviewed by 100 interested citizens who will guarantee support but will not obligate the candidate in any way. (26) That ad was typical, a covert method of pretending this was an open contest for office. Richard Nixon, located in Maryland, still in the Navy, received a telephone call from Herman Perry. "Are you a republican and are you available?" were the two questions asked of Nixon. (27) Herman Perry was vice president of Bank of America (28) which was soon on its way to becoming the largest private bank in the world. By 1960, one hundred top corporations were spending $21-billion for military goods. In California alone, fully half of all jobs related directly or indirectly on the continuance of the arms race.(29) Richard Nixon, poor, from an unknown family, absent from the California scene for many formative years during law school and military service, was selected to represent old guard California republicans who picked him to run for Congress.(30) He was called upon to serve the strategists. Nixon was "recognized." Significant to the political escalation of Richard Nixon from congressman to vice president was the Alger Hiss case. The Hiss case was to Nixon what the Reichstag fire was to Hitler. Both were dramatic lies planned and executed by the clandestine strategists. Parallels to German strategy -- assassinations, destruction of evidence, distortion of evidence to discredit legitimate public servants -- existed precisely in America. (31) In 1934, Alger Hiss was legal counsel for the Senate Nye Committee. This group was set up for the purpose of investigating illegal rearmament practices.(32) During those years Hiss was antagonizing American industrial and banking giants. Germany was illegally rearming. It became necessary to discredit any persons such as Hiss who were interested in peace, working for legitimate peaceful alternatives. Whittaker Chambers made a point of becoming acquainted with Alger Hiss in 1934. At that time, some considered Chambers to be a German spy.(33) Using techniques of imported masters of espionage, plans were being made at that time to discredit Alger Hiss. By waiting several years, Hiss could be strategically occupied in various Government services. John Foster Dulles was instrumental in placing Hiss as head of the Carnegie Foundation, a group associated with peace and the United Nations. Attacks on Hiss started in 1941, attempting to associate him with Communists, exploded into a time bomb in 1948. The total effect in delaying the smear was to discredit an era. Richard Nixon became recipient of the efforts. The reputation of Roosevelt, the New Deal, Dumbarton Oaks Conference, United Nations and Truman's administration all became tinted "red." Joe McCarthy entered this milieu and expressed fears that had been fomented in lies. Richard Nixon had always served his masters by employing fear and hysteria. His original campaigns against Jerry Voomis and Helen Douglas were unfounded red smears. That is the only way he operates. One of the clues to covert smears is the common mishandling of evidence. For 8 1/2 years I have studied carefully the evidence associated with the murder of John Kennedy. Bullets, clothing, weapons, X-rays, photographs, car interior, autopsy reports, cameras, street sign, curb, lamppost, clothing of John Connally, diaries, FBI documents, CIA reports and State Department papers were either burned, airborned to Michigan and destroyed, altered, planted, missing or locked up.(37) Evidence to prove covert murder of Robert Kennedy is "locked up for seventy five years." (38) What happened to the lone piece of evidence in the Alger Hiss case that was important to his conviction, the famous Woodstock typewriter? Because Richard Nixon said his "name, reputation and career" were linked to this case, he will tell you about the typewriter himself. A massive search was initiated for the key 'witness' in the case, the old Woodstock typewriter on which Chambers said Mrs. Hiss had typed the incriminating documents. On December 13, FBI agents found the typewriter. The same day I appeared before the Grand Jury with the microfilm. (Richard Nixon, My Six Crises, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, NY, 1962, $5.95, p. 59) For $5 less, and six years later, you can buy the same story, by the same author, without the typewriter: A massive search was initiated for the key 'witness' in the case, the old Woodstock typewriter on which Chambers said Mrs. Hiss had typed the incriminating documents. On December 13, FBI agents were unable to find the typewriter, but they did find some old letters which Priscilla Hiss admitted having typed on the Woodstock. (Richard Nixon, My Six Crises, Pyramid Books, 95e, p. 64) At this point, Nixon added a fooulote blaming the "press, who were busy in those tense days were several rumors behind closed doors of the Grand Jury. One reporter said the typewriter was found, but actually it was not found until several months later." Even with the above explanation, Nixon still does not inform the reader that the Woodstock typewriter was found not by the 35 FBI agents several months later who were turning Washington upside-down searching for it. The typewriter was actually found by Donald Hiss and his own investigators, and presented by Alger Hiss at the first trial as an exhibit for the defense. The chief prosecutor of the Alger Hiss case, Richard Nixon, trying to pin a conspiracy or Communist label on Hiss, could not write his own book correctly about the key evidence used against him. This kind of smear and investigation was going to be used as the excuse for elevating Nixon into the role of vice president of the United States. Allen Dulles and John Foster Dulles would control all State Department policies and espionage activities for the president. There was another observation regarding the famous Woodstock typewriter. Robert Kennedy, as Attorney General of the United States in 1962, was making a "recent check and finds the FBI never had the Woodstock typewriter. Writing to Meyer Zeligs about this manner, Claude Cross mentioned, "In my mind there is a mystery connected with this typewriter and its whereabouts from the period just prior to the trial.(39) Why was Robert Kennedy searching for this important evidence, the link in the Nixon saga? Were the Kennedys getting ready to investigate Richard Nixon's pieces of planted evidence used for purposes of slander and redbaiting? Three of Alger Hiss' friends who could have changed the tide of history -- Harry Dexter White, Walter Marvin Smith and Lawrence Guggan -- were found dead shortly after having contact with our FBI.(37) When the covert government creates its plot, in Germany or the United States, nobody stands in their way. Isaac Don Levine is the man who took Whittaker Chambers "by the arm," a reluctant Chambers, and arranged the meetings where he would begin to smear Alger Hiss.(38) It was no coincidence that the same Isaac Don Levine would be meeting with Marina Oswald, widow of Lee Harvey Oswald, immediately following the murder of President Kennedy. They were in a huddle to exchange money for squeezing a "communist" story out of a CIA plot. (39) Levine served Richard Nixon's career faithfully and many times through the years. This fellow Levine is in contact with Marina to break the story up a little more graphic manner and tie it into a Russian business, and it is with the thought and background of a Russian connection, conspiracy concept. (John J. McCloy, Minutes of Warren Commission, Meeting, Jan. 21, 1964 Alger Hiss said that Richard Nixon was engaged in something "beyond his scope and size."(40) Richard Nixon, like Adolph Hitler, is a patchwork quilt. Both men represent the sum total of all murders, secret plans, behind-the-scene covert imaginations that created their existence. They were hand-sewn and designed by identical masters. It was a community project between persons from Nazi Germany and the United States military and intelligence agencies. They are in power today, continuing mass murders, political assassinations. Industrial giants scrape the bottom of the ocean, the surface of the moon, the face of the earth for the oil, gold, minerals, resources within their grasp. It is the moral obligation of human beings to halt this hunger for power and legalized greed toward the majority of persons on the planet earth. High summit meetings, a false sense of euphoria preceding elections, does not conceal increased budgets for weaponry, new laws of repression or further concentration of power in the White House. The family of humanity is not represented by the strategists who are few in number, still holding on to their power. Secret organizations such as the Lincoln Club, formed in 1963, continue to finance and dictate to Richard Nixon.(41) This group should be carefully examined. Nixon's kind of power over other people 's lives is elusive, and vanishes rapidly at the proper moment. The human family has new weapons in the war against secrecy. Information is power. Speed of communications is power. Ability is power. Sheer numbers of intelligent and concerned citizens becomes power. Facts are power. Available facts and documentation of past political assassinations must be exposed today, before the next election in 1972. The coup d'etat in 1963, and again in 1968, did not represent the power or the interests of the majority. It is time to call a halt against the cold war, the hot war, and the war against ourselves. By examining the evidence of political assassinations, it is possible to understand how the country was misled down the line by a select, elite minority. The strategists, aided by clandestine and covert planning, do not represent the people or the interests of the people in the United States. REFERENCES 1. Clandestine rearmament of Germany: Inspection for Disarmament edited by Seymour Melman (Columbia Press, 1968), pp 202-219. 2. Illegal attitude to Geneva Accord: Pentagon Papers (New York Times paperback; Bantam Press, 1970), p. xi. 3. Clandestine armies of U.S. home and abroad: Invisible Government by David Wise & Thomas Ross (Bantam edition, 1965); Espionage Establishment by David Wise & Thomas Ross (Random House, 1967). 4. Kennedy, Dealey: Warfare State by Fred Cook (Macmillan Press, 1967). 5. "Splinter CIA": New York Times, April 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 1966. 6. Called a traitor: Hearings before the Commission, XVIII, p. 835. 7. Escalation of War: Computers and Automation (December, 1971), p. 39 8. Containing Communism: Encyclopedia Almanac, 1970 (New York Times), p. 544. 9. Eisenhower surrendered power to me: Conversation with McMillan, New York Times, April 24, 1971. 10. State Department in my hat: To Move a Nation by Roger Hilsman (Doubleday & Co., 1967), p. 67. 11. Dulles brothers: New York Times, April 29, 1966. 12. Allen Dulles, 1942, 12. Switzerland: Project Paperclip: German Scientists and the Cold War by Clarence Lasby (Atheneum Press, 1971); Saturday Review, Dec. 11, 1971. 13. Rounding up nazis: Ibid., Project Paperclip, p. 5. 14. Nazis in industry, schools, factories in U.S.: Ibid., Project Paperclip. 15. Collapse of Germany, Gehlen: Ibid., Invisible Government, pp. 134-135. 16. Gehlen, Hooves, Dulles, Pentagon: Secret War for Europe by Louis Hogan (Stein & Day, 1969),pp. 35-36. 17. OSS became CIA, Dulles, Helms: Ibid., The Espionage Establishment, pp. 115-116, 132-176. 18. Air Transport Command: Nixon by RaIph De Toledano (Duell, Sloan, Peatce), p. 35. 19. Alameda, air contacts: Ibid., Nixon, p. 37. 20. New Yark, Contracts: My Sir Crises Pyramid Books, 1962), p. 81. 21. Importation of Germans: Ibid., Project Paperclip, pp. 4-5 22. German atrocities: Ibid., Project Paperclip, p. 61. 23. Anticipation for arrival: Ibid., Project Paperclip, p. 64. 24. Department of Navy: Ibid., Project Paperclip, p. 66. Z5. Telegram instrument of fate: ibid., Nixon, p. 37. 26. Advertisement, Congressman: Ibid., Nixon, pp. 39-40. 27. Call, "Are you a republican?": Ibid., Nixon, p. 40. 28. Herman Perry: Milhous (film) Emil Di Antonio. 29. Bank of America : Ibid., Warfare State, p. 23. 30. Richard Nixon selected by old guard: New York Times, Feb. 16, 1972. 31. Evidence locked up: Computers & Automation (October 1971), pp. 4145. 32. Alger Hiss, Nye Commiuee: Friendship and Fratricide by Meyer Zeligs (Viking Press), p. 192. 33. Chambers, maybe Gennan spy: Ibid., Friendship and Fratricide, p. 3 34. JFK, evidence locked up, altered: Computers and Automation May, June, July, Nov., 1970; March, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct, Nov., Dec., 1971; Jan., Feb., 1972. 35. Robert Kennedy murder: Computers and Automation, Aug., Oct, 1970; Apil, 1971. 36 Missing Woodstock typewriter Ibid., Friendship and Fratricide, p. 368. 37. Hiss, death of friends: American Opinion, Feb., 1971, pp. 51-53. 38. Isaac Levine, Chambers: Ibid., Friendship and Fratricide, p. 23. 39. Levine, Marine: Hearings Before the Commission, Vol. XXIV, pp. 24-W. 40. Hiss, "Nixon in something beyond scope": Ibid., Friendship and Fratricide, p. 282-283. 41. Lincoln Club, secrets: New York Times, Feb. 16, 1972. This articles was reprinted by: Prevailing Winds Research P. O. Box 23511 Santa Barbara, CA 93121

United Fruit and Drug Smuggling... Kermit Roosevelt ousted the Shah of Iran A Who's Who of Elite Intelligence Hands On March 20, 1961, less than two months after Kennedy was inaugurated, Kermit Roosevelt and Russell Train filed incorporation papers for the AWLF in Washington, D.C. Roosevelt was a leading counterinsurgency expert who served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), Cairo, during World War II. In 1953, working for CIA director Allen Dulles, he was responsible for running the coup that overthrew Iranian Premier Mohammed Mossadegh, whose fate had been sealed when he nationalized the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Roosevelt's family had worked closely with the British for generations. In 1903, his grandfather, President Teddy Roosevelt, became a founding member of the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the (British) Empire. (The oldest organization of its kind, its leading members founded many of Africa's original national parks. In 1954, it spun off the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, whose U.S. representative was Harold J. Coolidge, the key individual behind the creation of the AWLF. Today it is known as Fauna and Flora International, AWF's partner in the IGCP.) Roosevelt's father, Kermit Sr., too, was a British lackey. He joined the British Army during World War|I, and, during World War II, became a British citizen in order to be placed in England's Ministry of Shipping by Sir Winston Churchill, a close family friend. In 1955, Roosevelt's mother was granted knighthood in the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. Russell Train, a member of a Boston Brahmin banking family, served as the AWLF's first president. Train was one of the leading figures who created the U.S. environmentalist movement. In 1970, he became the chairman of Jimmy Carter's new federal Environmental Protection Agency, the regulatory body which oversaw the dismantling of the U.S. industrial economy. Train later chaired Prince Philip's World Wildlife Fund, U.S.A. The founding vice president at the AWLF was Arthur ``Nicky'' Arundel. Also tasked to Allen Dulles's CIA in 1953, while a Marine colonel, Arundel was chosen as the propaganda expert for an elite counterinsurgency team that was deployed into Vietnam to destabilize the country at the time of the 1954 Geneva Accords. Arundel became the president of the AWF in 1968, and served in that position for ten years. He currrently is a board member emeritus. The mentor of both Train and Arundel was Harvard zoologist Harold J. Coolidge, who died in 1986. Coolidge was the chairman emeritus of the AWF and the real power behind its activities. Educated as a zoologist at Harvard University, he served in the OSS in Washington, D.C. during World War II. The British gave Coolidge the task of running the U.S. branch of the British-created international conservation and environmental movements. From 1930 to 1950, he was a member of the Second Commission on International Wild Life Protection, and from 1951 to 1971 served as its chairman. After World War II, he helped create the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), and served as the chairman of the U.S. branch. He became the president of the international IUCN in 1966, and served in various capacities until his death. He was a founding board member of the U.S. branch of Prince Philip's WWF, and joined the international board in 1966, where he also served until his death. The Coolidge family, one of Boston's most prominent Brahmin families, has been aiding British geopolitical efforts for more than a century, and seems to specialize in the international drug trade. In 1836, Harold Coolidge's great-grandfather, Joseph Coolidge, took over the opium trade to China from the British Jardine Matheson Company. The Chinese forbade Jardine Matheson ships from docking in Chinese ports, in an effort to stop the British from flooding China with opium. Instead, Coolidge clipper ships from Boston were hired to do the job, amassing a $10 million fortune. In 1899, Coolidge's great-uncle, Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, founded the United Fruit Company. Coolidge family members have maintained a controlling interest in the firm to the present day. EIR's best-seller, Dope Inc., exposed United Fruit for importing drugs into the United States in the early 1970s, from their fruit plantations in Ibero-America. Coolidge's uncle, Archibald Cary Coolidge, an intimate of young Allen Dulles, was a leading member of the American Institute of International Affairs, the sister organization of the British Royal Institute for International Affairs located in Chatham House, the home office for British foreign intelligence. In 1921, Coolidge merged the AIAA with the New York Council on Foreign Relations, becoming the first editor of their new journal, Foreign Affairs.

JFK and the Buckleys, Paines and Forbes You know I think Linda Minor has got the JFK hit pretty much nailed and does not even know it yet. In Part One of this series we dealt with the names of men who gained control of the Harvard Corporation in the early 1800's--whose self-appointed successors still maintain control of the funds of that institution today. We showed how those men made their family fortunes by trading in slaves and drugs (opium). We also showed how they purchased respectability by donating enough money to Harvard to allow them to continue their control of the university management, a position which makes their status as drug dealers almost impossible to be believed by the average American. The drug syndicate was set up to smuggle the narcotic opium into China, alongside the British East India Company's smugglers. The syndicate was based in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and London, England, and was financed, as the East India Company was, by Britain's Baring bank. This racket, smuggling chiefly Turkish opium, provided the bulk of the family fortunes for the Cabots and other prominent ``blue-blood'' Boston families. In Part Two we showed that the same Harvard men in Massachusetts who made their wealth from dealing in drugs were connected by family and business relationships to the board of the Yale Corporation, and that it was, in fact, a successor-in-name to the Perkins, Sturgis and Forbes company--Russell and Company--which started Skull and Bones at Yale. It was the Germanic philosophy of Hegel learned by William H. Russell that guided him and his successors in financing competing sides of every political and social issue in order to control the outcome and arrive at a greater degree of power. Because of this philosophy, the Hegelian drug lords have no problem supporting candidates from both Yale and Harvard. Whoever wins, the drug lords can count on protection. The final part of this series has two goals: First to show that the successors of the opium smuggling companies in America quickly established a system to use their dirty profits as "venture capital" for direct investment in strategic industries and, secondly, that they funneled "charitable" donations into educational institutions to control both the huge tax-exempt endowments and to create a mask of respectability and generosity to hide the true nature of their character. DRUG MONEY STARTED AT&T Robert Bennet Forbes--whose father Ralph Bennet Forbes was married to Margaret Perkins, a sister of Thomas Handasyd Perkins--became the foreign affairs manager for a merchant named Houqua, who had himself been made responsible for all of China's foreign relations with the West by the Chinese Emperor. The other son, John Murray Forbes, took over managing Houqua and China's foreign relations, after Robert's death, and amassed a great fortune. Profits from the Perkins opium firm was invested in the purchase of the inventions of Alexander Graham Bell, resulting in the appointment of John Murray Forbes' son, William Hathaway Forbes, as president of the American Bell Telephone Company. William married the daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson and had a son named Ralph Emerson Forbes, who married Elise Cabot. We will come back to the Forbes family later, but it will be interesting first to look at the Cabot family to which Elise was born. Dr. Samuel Cabot, who graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1839, married Eliza Perkins, a daughter of Thomas Handasyd Perkins, and Cabot joined the J. and T. H. Perkins firm. (making Robert Bennet and John Murray Forbes Eliza's first cousins.) His papers, including account books, letters, books, and travel diaries are on microfilm in the Massachusetts Historical Society series. There is a wealth of correspondence from Cabot and Perkins family members to other prominent traders and members of Boston's economic elite as well as vivid descriptions of travel accounts concerning the lucrative opium trade in which these families were heavily involved. Trade with China was one of the largest growth segments of the Boston mercantile establishment during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. This collection provides insight into the two Boston families that were the most powerful China merchants: Samuel Cabot, Jr. and his wife's father, Thomas Handasyd Perkins. http://www.umi.com/hp/Support/Research/Files/107.html FOUNDATION LAID FOR NASA AND OPERATION PAPERCLIP Elise Cabot Forbes, mentioned above, was Sam and Eliza's daughter. Their son Samuel was an 1872 graduate of M.I.T., who studied chemistry in Zurich, Switzerland and explored various factories in Germany. He returned to Chelsea, Massachusetts where he set up a laboratory. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309054451/html/135.html Sam and his brother, Godfrey Cabot, who graduated from Harvard in 1882, bought a plant in Worthington, Pennsylvania to process coal tar into paints and other products. Godfrey also spent a year studying in Zurich and two years traveling in other parts of Europe. After his return they built a plant in West Virginia. Their biggest customer would become Standard Oil. In 1896, Godfrey returned to Europe and also visited Russia. In 1900, back in the U.S. he became fascinated with airplanes and became a pilot before World War I. After the war he founded the National Aeronautic Association in Washington, D.C., which would be the base on which the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) was founded with the use of the technology of the Operation Paperclip Nazi scientists rescued from war crimes prosecution in Germany. Godfrey Cabot's wife was Maria Moors (daughter of John F. Moors), and one of their sons, Thomas Dudley Cabot, born in 1897, received his bachelor's degree in engineering from Harvard in 1919. Their Cabot Corporation became the major producer of carbon black with nine plants in Texas and Oklahoma; establishing an inroad into synthetic rubber production and the manufacturing of paints and other chemicals. Thomas' son, Louis W. Cabot, also a Harvard graduate, was sent to England to build a carbon black plant in Stanlow, using technology the British had taken from the Germans after World War II ended. http://books.nap.edu/books/0309054451/html/index.html Thomas Cabot and his brother, John Moors Cabot, and another relative, Kermit Roosevelt--all graduates of Harvard--were involved in the coup in Guatemala in the 1950s. John Moors Cabot, born in 1901, a 1923 Harvard graduate, was a vice consul in Peru 1927-28, in the Dominican Republic from 1929-31, Mexico 1931-32, Brazil 1932-35, then to the Netherlands until 1938 and Sweden in 1939. From 1939-41 he was in Guatemala, becoming the chief of the division of Caribbean and Central American affairs in 1944. He was thereafter stationed in Argentina, Yugoslavia and Shanghai, China, before becoming minister to Finland, then Ambassador to Pakistan, Ambassador to Colombia (1957-59); Ambassador to Brazil (1959-61); and Ambassador to Poland (1962-65). In 1953 he was the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (all according to Who's Who in America 1954-55). Also see an excellent article by Dan Russell at http://www.drugwar.com/neocolonialism.htm and list of papers at http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary/arcnms.htm TRAIL OF THE OCTOPUS--T.J. COOLIDGE AND THE FORBES FAMILY The Boston Fruit Company had been incorporated in 1885 to raise capital for its ship-captain owner, Lorenzo Dow Baker, and his partners in Boston. Demand for bananas they imported from the Caribbean had grown so much by 1898 that the Bostonians merged with their chief rival, Minor Cooper Keith of New York, who owned a great deal of land in Costa Rica, as well as the Intercontinental Railways of Central America. The new corporation was organized in 1899 by Thomas Jefferson Coolidge and took the name United Fruit. In 1930 United Fruit bought out the competing banana company of Sam Zemurray in New Orleans who had plantations in Honduras and Guatemala--by giving him stock in the new company, making him the largest shareholder. In 1936 Zemurray demanded to have a part in the management, and at the same time the company formalized an agreement to operate Keith's railroad system. But the company's only concern was making a bigger and bigger profit--which brought them at odds with the interests of Guatemala's people and its leaders. http://members.tripod.com/~american_almanac/afwild.htm T.J. Coolidge, who represented the interest of the Boston Concern's investment in United Fruit after 1899, was the son of Joseph Coolidge, a man who, in 1836 had been hired by the Scottish investment firm Jardine Matheson Company to run opium past the Chinese police. The Chinese, in an effort to stop the British from flooding China with opium, forbade Jardine Matheson ships from docking in Chinese ports. Coolidge's clipper ships from Boston did the job for a mere $10 million from Jardine, giving him and his financiers a fortune to reinvest in legitimate enterprise. During 1873 these venture capitalists, formerly known as the "Boston Concern," including John Murray Forbes and Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, started expansion of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, which suddenly began building across Kansas to Colorado. Their securities were marketed by the Baring Brothers bank in England, sponsor of the world narcotics traffic throughout the nineteenth century. http://members.tripod.com/american_almanac/prometh3.htm Baring's American agent for many years was T.W. Ward, who was followed by his sons Samuel G. Ward and George Cabot Ward. Although the bank was based in England, it had originated in Bremen, Germany, prior to its move to Exeter, England in 1717. By the end of that century, the bank had two American partners--Joshua Bates and Russell Sturgis--who were closely connected to the opium trade. [source: Dorothy R. Adler, British Investment in American Railways, 1834-1898]. DRUG MONEY BUILDS A SHORTCUT TO THE ORIENT THROUGH TEXAS The leaders of the Santa Fe Railroad throughout the 1870's attempted to prevent the construction of the competing Denver & Rio Grande Railroad from expanding its line into Mexico. In March 1875 another railroad had been chartered by the Corpus Christi, San Diego and Rio Grande Narrow Gauge Railroad Company. http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online...w/TT/eqt21.html The Tex Mex was promoted by Uriah Lott--with the financial support of Richard King and Mifflin Kennedy (ship captains during the Mexican War, who had built a fortune by blockade running, using their profits to acquire the world's biggest ranch in South Texas. Their partner was Charles Stillman whose son James Stillman used his profit to set up National City Bank of New York and marry off two of his daughters to William Rockefeller's sons). [see http://members.tripod.com/~viewfromthewall/fwch3.htm ] In 1881 Lott and Kennedy exchanged the stock in their railroad for stock in a new company called the Texas Mexican Railway Company, and completed the remaining 110 miles to Laredo in September 1881 with money derived from the new infusion of capital from T.J. Coolidge's backers, Jardine, Matheson, the leading British firm in the China trade. [source: Economist, SL (July 8, 1882), p. 848]. The committee which issued the bonds in 1882, in addition to Matheson, included Robert Fleming and Dillwyn Parrish, both of whom were associated with Scottish investment trusts. These same trusts would later steer much of their U.S. venture capital investments through the investment bank of Brown Brothers Harriman--including companies set up by George H.W. Bush. The Texas Mexican absorbed the Texas Mexican Northern Railway Company in 1906 and in 1930 acquired the San Diego and Gulf Railway Company. It is an interesting side note (maybe more relevant than we realize) that one of the residents of San Diego, Texas in 1882 was infant William Frank Buckley--father of William F. Buckley, Jr.--whose father John Buckley was a merchant along the railroad line between Laredo and Corpus Christi. [source: W.F.B.--An Appreciation, privately printed by the Buckley family in 1959]. Incidentally, W.F. Buckley, Sr. and his brother grew up in tiny San Diego and were educated at the University of Texas Law School where they were acquainted with many of the men who would become executives of oil companies in Dallas and Houston. Both Buckley brothers spent years in Mexico during the oil boom at the same time The Pearson interests from England were operating the Mexican Eagle there. The Buckleys created their own oil company called Pantipec, which would later employ a number of men who have been connected to the CIA and to the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The railroads competed viciously for a route through Texas which would give the central interior of the U.S. quick access to the Gulf of Mexico, and from there to China. Laredo is now the major port of entry for railroad traffic between the United States and Mexico, and the Texas Mexican presently handles international traffic through Laredo for the Southern Pacific line--now merged with the Union Pacific. The Tex Mex b came part of the Kansas City Southern (the old Kansas City, Mexico & Orient Railway) system in 1995 when KCSI acquired 49 percent of the Tex Mex from Mexican partner Transportacion Maritima Mexicana (TMM)--a company repeatedly accused of drug smuggling, and its associated banks with money laundering. http://www.kcsi.com/tmr.html (See also http://www.narconews.com/ and http://www.jornada.unam.mx/1999/nov99/991106/eco2.html ) TRANSPORTATION--THE KEY TO DRUG DISTRIBUTION Another railroad into which drug money was poured was the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., stretching to Burlington, Iowa, and Quincy, Illinois, on the Mississippi River. Dominated by John Murray Forbes of Boston, who was in turn assisted by Charles Perkins, president of the company from 1881 to 1901, the railroad eventually reached Denver, its western terminus, and reached east to the Chicago, Kansas City and St. Louis gateways. CB&Q lines also went to Omaha, Nebraska, and St. Joseph, Missouri. http://www.bnsf.com/about_bnsf/html/history.html By 1910 the rail line from Corpus Christi had not been connected to Colorado, but the Santa Fe encouraged that expansion by men such as Sam Lazarus and B.F. Yoakum, who got financing in St. Louis through the firm of G.H. Walker & Co. in 1912, only seven years before Walker left St. Louis to set up the Harrimans' investment bank. Given the fact that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad was based in St. Louis, it is highly likely that Walker had worked closely with its owners in handling financing of the various shorter lines which eventually were acquired by the ATSF. In so doing, he would have worked closely with Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, of Boston, who in 1880 was chosen president of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad company and all its branches. http://www.npg.org/forums/optimal_city_size.htm Another railroad which made up a part of the ATSF system was Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, purchased in 1879 by the Sealy banking family of Galveston. In 1911 George Sealy II, then manager of the line, bought several oil properties which he used to found Magnolia Petroleum Company (which he named for his wife Manolia Willis Sealy). Magnolia was absorbed by Standard Oil Company of New York (SOCONY) in 1925 and is known today as Mobil Oil. The Texas properties, many drilled on land grants given to the railroad which was now part of the ATSF, were transferred to Magnolia Petroleum Company. The Magnolia Pipe Line Company was also organized in November 1925 as a transporting subsidiary of the petroleum company. In 1931, when the Standard Oil Company of New York and the Vacuum Oil Company merged to form Socony­Vacuum Oil Company, Magnolia became an affiliate of the new company. In 1949 all of Magnolia Pipeline's shares were owned by Socony­Vacuum except for qualifying shares owned by members of the board of directors. General offices were in Dallas in 1949. The Magnolia Petroleum Company merged with Socony Mobil Oil Company on September 30,1959. More research needs to be done to determine what mineral rights were owned in these lands by the various interests. It is very possible that the rights were split among the Coolidge faction from Boston, the G.H. Walker group including Bush and the Rockefeller group. The pipeline company would have been closely involved with Dresser Industries, which controlled the patent on the coupling joint used in all petroleum pipelines. Dresser's stock was purchased in 1911 by W.A. Harriman & Company, Inc., supposedly with the intention of reselling, but apart from subsequent stock flotations, the investment bank (now Brown Brothers, Harriman) still has control of what became Dresser Industries, Inc. in 1944. The initial stock issue in 1928 was underwritten by Roland (Bunny) Harriman and Prescott Bush while G.H. Walker was president of the W.A. Harriman firm. Prescott Bush served on the board of directors continuously until he went to the U.S. Senate in 1953. It is very interesting that Magnolia moved its headquarters to Dallas at about the same time that Dresser moved there. THE CABOTS SET UP THE CFR AND LEARN FROM NAZIS Thomas Jefferson Coolidge was, of course, a large donor to Harvard--one gift being the Jefferson Laboratory. http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1996/1...ialMinuteJ.html A generation later, Archibald Cary Coolidge, who merged the American Institute of International Affairs (the sister organization of the British Royal Institute for International Affairs) with the New York Council on Foreign Relations--now called the Council on Foreign Relations--became the first editor of CRF's magazine, Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/welcome.html Archibald Coolidge would initiate the world wide scope of Widener Library's collections by his gifts to Harvard. A few years later, Archibald's nephew, John Phillips Coolidge, chose to attend graduate school in 1936 at New York University where a small group of scholars from Nazi Germany were among the refugees making radical changes in the study of art history on this continent--one of the first importations of German intellectuals and scientists Nazi Germany--a forerunner to Operation Paperclip. At the time, NYU's chairman said Hitler shook the tree and he picked up the apples. His gathering was choice: Erwin Panofsky, Karl Lehman, Richard Krautheimer, Walter Friedländer. John Coolidge studied with all of them. In so doing, he was following the example of his uncle. At one point, in 1914, with an old Boston China Trade fortune behind him, Archibald had repaid his hospitality debts in Germany, where he had taken his doctorate, by a formal dinner for 100 at the famous Adlon Hotel in Berlin. He also proclaimed that he would oppose any Harvard appointment relating to European history if the candidate did not have a working command of at least French, German and Russian. Possibly some of the Germans who taught his nephew at NYU during the peak of Hitler's influence were his own friends. VENTURE CAPITAL--ANOTHER TERM FOR MONEY LAUNDERING Paine Webber was founded in 1879 by Charles Cabot Jackson and Laurence Curtis, both members of the Boston Stock and Exchange Board. Their partnership, known as Jackson & Curtis, also included Charles' brother Frank Jackson--the sons of Charles and Fanny Cabot Jackson. Their sister, also named Fanny, married Charles Cushing Paine, and they had nine children, including Gen. Charles Jackson Paine and William Cushing Paine, who had taken a small amount of shares in the ATSF Railroad and doubled them. The Paine Webber partners acquired an interest in some of the assets of the collapsed Van Sweringen railroad empire through foreclosure, including the Kansas City Southern. http://www.mossbay.com/paine/paine/woodstock/painewebber.htm and http://www.shadowchasers.org/famtree/d0001...0094.html#I0013 and http://www.moorscabot.com/about_us.htm Moors & Cabot, Inc. was founded in 1890 by John F. Moors and Charles Cabot. John F. Moors was the maternal grandfather of diplomat John Moors Cabot, and his partner was named for an uncle, Charles Codman Cabot, a 1922 graduate of Harvard, and a director of Old Colony Trust. He was the brother of Henry Cabot, born in 1894, who was an investor and Harvard trustee, and who also had a son named Henry B. Cabot, Jr. They had another brother named Paul Codman Cabot, who was born in 1898 and was in the Harvard class of 1921 and then worked for the First National Bank of Boston and helped to found State Street Research Investment Trust. He became treasurer of the Harvard Corporation in 1948. Moors & Cabot was intended to handle the family investments of the two founders and their friends, but the firm has grown to include 22 branch offices and over 150 registered representatives nationwide. Headquartered in the heart of Boston's financial district, the company is the oldest independent member of the Boston Stock Exchange and one of the nation's oldest independent members of the New York Stock Exchange. Since its inception, the firm has participated in the retail sale of stocks and bonds to individuals and the institutional sale of stocks and bonds to most of Boston's money management firms. Paul Codman Cabot (1898-1994) A legendary figure in the investment world, Paul Cabot persuaded two friends to join him in 1924 in founding a mutual fund, the second to be incorporated. He was also a pioneer of growth stock investing. Mr. Cabot believed in "finding all the facts, then facing the facts." Fundamental values were his watchword, and he emphasized good management, good products, and good prospects in the marketplace--principles that continue to guide State Street Research money management today. Mr. Cabot managed State Street Research Investment Trust for many years, continuing to lead and enrich State Street Research and the industry into his mid-nineties. Richard Saltonstall (1897-1982) A friend of Paul Cabot, Mr. Saltonstall shared his interest in common stocks. In 1923, when they were both young men doing similar work in large banks, the two began meeting once a week to talk over the possibilities of investing in the stocks of companies whose prospects they had studied. They formed a pool to invest some money together with a third partner, Richard Paine. Like Cabot, Mr. Saltonstall went on to become a partner of State Street Research, and remained active in the Firm for over fifty years. Richard Cushing Paine (1893-1966) Richard Paine was a cousin and close friend of Paul Cabot, and the third founding partner of State Street Research. The three began investing in companies with the understanding that they could withdraw their interest at market value any time they wanted--a revolutionary idea in that era. The three partners ran this investment pool for a few months, and then incorporated the mutual fund that launched State Street Research and Management Company. Mr. Paine went on to serve as vice-president and director of the company he helped found. http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:www.s...com/history.htm l+paine%2Bcabot&hl=en THE MYSTERIOUS FORBES CONNECTION TO THE KILLING OF JFK Ralph and Elise Cabot Forbes' daughter was Ruth Forbes, whose first husband was George Lyman Paine, and whose son was Michael Paine. Ruth Forbes Paine's best friend was a woman named Mary Bancroft, whose connection to the Boston Brahmins will be explored later. http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/scripts/wa.exe...l&P=R116336 Ruth Forbes had a brother named William Cameron Forbes, an American business executive and diplomat, born in Milton, Mass. in 1870. He entered the mercantile house of his grandfather, John Murray Forbes, in Boston and was a partner in the firm after 1899. Appointed (1904) to the Philippine Commission by President Theodore Roosevelt, he held several administrative posts there before he served (1909-13) as governor-general of the islands. He was a member of the Wood-Forbes Commission, which was sent (1921) by President Harding to the Philippines. He was later (1930) chairman of a commission to study conditions in Haiti, served (1931-32) as ambassador to Japan at the time of the Manchurian crisis, and led (1935) an economic mission to East Asia. http://www.bartleby.com/65/e-/E-Forbes-W.html In 1902, Clarence Barron, representing Boston's powerful State Street, purchased Dow Jones & Company for $130,000. At the time of the purchase, Barron was publishing business bulletins in Boston and Philadelphia, which were merged into Dow Jones & Co. In 1907, the step-daughter of Clarence Barron, Jane Barron, married Hugh Bancroft. Hugh Bancroft's father, was General William A. Bancroft (Harvard 1878), who was first elected mayor of Cambridge, Mass. in 1893 and reelected three times. He was chairman of the Brahmin-owned Boston Elevated Railway, and was a member of the board of overseers of Harvard University from 1893 to 1903. Hugh Bancroft also attended Harvard, where he was admitted to the elite Hasty Pudding Club. In 1912, Bancroft was made treasurer of Dow Jones, the holding company of the Journal. He became president in 1928, upon Clarence Barron's death. By that time, Bancroft and his family controlled the majority of Dow Jones & Company's shares. The Bancroft family continues to be the most significant shareholder of Dow Jones and the Wall Street Journal today, through Hugh Bancroft's descendants. THE MYSTERIOUS MICHAEL PAINE Michael Paine was sixth in descent from Robert Treat Paine the signer of the Declaration of Independence. His mother Ruth Forbes was a great-granddaughter of Emerson and a granddaughter of William Hathaway Forbes , founder and first president of the American Bell Telephone Company. Her father, Ralph Emerson Forbes, left an estate of $2.5 million when he died in 1937. Her uncle, W. Cameron Forbes (Harvard 1892), had started his career as a clerk with Jackson & Curtis, a family money-laundering firm and in 1899 became a partner in John Murray Forbes & Co. He was a director of AT&T, United Fruit, and Stone & Webster, Inc. He was also appointed to the Philippine Commission and as vice governor of the Islands until 1913. After that he was a receiver of a Brazilian railway, and a presidential appointee to "study conditions" in the Philippines and in Haiti. He served as an Overseer to Harvard from 1914-20, then became a life member of MIT Corporation. From 1930-32 he was Ambassador to Japan. [Who's Who in America, 1954-55]. Michael Paine was descended from the Cabots on both his father's and his mother's side; he was thus a second cousin once removed of Thomas Dudley Cabot and a cousin of Alexander Cochrane Forbes, a director of United Fruit and trustee of Cabot, Cabot and Forbes. http://www.parascope.com/articles/1196/nazis.htm Paul F.Hellmuth was the vice-president of Cabot, Cabot and Forbes, was a trustee of the J. Frederick Brown Foundation, a CIA "conduit", along with G.C. Cabot. Thus the Paine family [had] links with the blue-blood intelligence circles of the OSS and CIA, In the summer of 1963 it was Ruth [Michael's wife], rather than Michael, who maintained close relations with the patrician Paine and Forbes families, traveling east in July to stay with her mother-in-law at the traditional Forbes clan retreat of Naushon Island near Wood's Hole, Massachusetts (CE 416, 17 H 119). [source: Peter Dale Scott, The Dallas Conspiracy, ch. IV, pp. 2-4.] HOW GEORGE H. W. BUSH'S CAREER DEVELOPED BY HIS USE OF SOURCES OF CAPITAL. When George H.W. Bush arrived in Texas after graduation from Yale, his career began with an interview with Neil Mallon, president of Dresser Industries in Dallas. Dresser, which owned the patent for the coupling joint used in laying petroleum pipelines, was a corporation wholly owned by the investment bank Brown Brothers, Harriman. Prescott Bush was a director of Dresser for decades, as well as being a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman--which had resulted from the merger of the bank set up by Prescott's father-in-law, George Herbert Walker, at the request of the sons of Union Pacific Railroad tycoon E.H. Harriman. Walker had previously had his own investment bank in St. Louis where he financed railroads which eventually became part of the system known as the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe. An investment bank still exists in St. Louis under the operation of the Walker side of the family, but that city is also the home of George H.W. Bush's brother, William H.T. "Bucky" Bush, who is a past Missouri GOP state finance chairman. Neil Mallon had been hired as Dresser's first president after it was purchased by Brown Brothers Harriman. It was his first real job after he completed his education, plus at least six months in the European Alps, where it might be worth noting that Allen Dulles had been stationed from 1942 until after the end of World War II. The Mallon family had strong ties to the Tafts, which had been involved in the formation of the Russell Trust (eventually to become known as Skull and Bones). It was Mallon who gave George his first job after graduation from the same university and as a member of the same secret society--an elite group to which George Walker, Prescott Bush and both Harriman sons belonged. When Mallon went to work for Dresser, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio, the same city where John D. Rockefeller had started his career as a merchant before his expansion into oil production was financed by one of the three U.S. banks owned by N.M. Rothschild of London. While in Cleveland, Mallon was very active in the Council on World Affairs, which had been organized in the mid-1930s by Brooks Emeny. The Council on Foreign Relations had been set up in New York in 1921, quickly imitated by the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations in 1922. The World Affairs Councils are a segment of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), which is apparent from its link to the website for the CFR's magazine, Foreign Affairs: http://www.foreignaffairs.org/links.html The history of the Council is briefly set out at its own website, http://www.worldaffairscouncils.org/Missio...ory/history.htm . Dresser relocated its headquarters to Dallas in 1950, and Mallon helped to organize another Council on World Affairs in that city. The operation of that organization was his "chief outside interest." [source: Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy, pp. 248-49.] One of the employees Mallon hired was a man named Hans Bernd Gisevius, with the assignment of working on a worldwide economic development program called the "Institute on Technical Cooperation." [source: Richard Bartholomew, "Possible Discovery of an Automobile Used in the JFK Conspiracy"--unpublished manuscript, p. 48; and Bruce Campbell Adamson, "Oswald's Closest Friend: The George DeMohrenschildt Story"--unpublished manuscript, 1993)--Bush chapter, p. 31. Adamson accused Mallon of using Dresser as a cover for CIA activities.] Gisevius was a German Abwehr (German Intelligence) agent whose diplomatic cover was vice-consul at the German consulate in Zurich while Allen Dulles was there as the head of U.S. intelligence. While in Switzerland Dulles began a long-lasting love affair with a woman named Mary Bancroft, who is our Harvard link. Her stepmother's stepfather was Clarence W. Barron, then publisher of the Wall St. Journal, which he purchased in 1902. In 1907, the step-daughter of Clarence Barron, Jane Barron, married Hugh Bancroft. The Bancroft represented the high Boston Tory faction; they were among the first settler families that, in 1632, founded Lynn, Massachusetts. During the next 50 years, the family was the sole exporter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, of sugar and tobacco, a trade that made it immensely wealthy. By the first decade of the twentieth century, Hugh Bancroft's father, John, was chairman of the Brahmin-owned Boston Elevated Railway, and was a member of the board of overseers of Harvard University. Hugh Bancroft attended Harvard, where he was admitted to the elite Hasty Pudding Club. In 1912, Bancroft was made treasurer of Dow Jones, the holding company of the Journal. He became president in 1928, upon Clarence Barron's death. By that time, Bancroft and his family controlled the majority of Dow Jones & Company's shares. The Wall Street Journal represents a merger of Boston and New York interests. Boston's ``State Street'' financial center is run by the treasonous families that made their money in the British-run China opium trade: the Cabots, Perkins, Coolidges, Russells, Cushings, Lowells, et al. Wall Street was created and is run by the Tory faction, which followed the policy of Bank of Manhattan founders, and American traitors, Aaron Burr and John Jacob Astor. At the heart of the Journal is the aristocratic Bancroft family of Boston. The Bancroft family continues to be the most significant shareholder of Dow Jones and the Wall Street Journal today, through Hugh Bancroft's descendants, including Jane Bancroft Cook, a Journal board member; the Cox family (Christopher Cox sits on the Journal's board); and socialite Elizabeth Goth. See http://members.tripod.com/~american_almanac/wallst2.htm http://www.forbes.com/tool/toolbox/richlist/8113.htm In 1943 Dulles asked Mary Bancroft, who was working as a spy in Zurich, and who was also having sex with Dulles, to translate a book written by Gisevius about the Third Reich. Gisevius and some of his fascists Abwehr associates had been the planners of the July 20th plot to kill Hitler with the idea of forming an alliance with Britain and the U.S. against Russia. [source: Mary Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy (New York: William Morrow, 1983), pp. 187-88.] According to Bancroft: "I told Allen it all made sense to me. Difficult as it might be to believe, the conspirators actually hoped that if they got rid of Hitler they would be able to take over the whole country and to negotiate peace with the Anglo-Americans. Their hopes went even further: They envisaged the western Allies joining them in a crusade against Russia -- and communism. Gisevius had been sent to Switzerland to get in touch with the western Allies. Other emissaries were making similar contacts in Sweden and elsewhere." [source: Bancroft, Autobiography..., pp. 161, 168-170.] Mary Bancroft's report back to Dulles reminds us of what eventually did occur in Operation Paperclip, when Dulles helped certain Nazis avoid prosecution for war crimes, transfer Nazi assets into U.S. corporations, and set up the military-industrial infrastructure within the United States. Mary Bancroft's first husband, Sherwin Badger, was a Harvard graduate whose first job had been in the head office of United Fruit in Cuba. After a year in Cuba he became a journalist in Boston, later moving to the Wall Street Journal and Barron's in New York, both of which were published by Mary's stepfather, Clarence Walker Barron. Mary also had a long friendship with George Lymon Paine and Ruth Forbes Paine, whose son Michael Paine and his wife Ruth befriended Marina Oswald the year prior to John Kennedy's assassination. The Paines were from Boston and both had family trees tying them to the United Fruit Co.--through Michael's mother (a niece of W. Cameron Forbes) and his father (a descendant of Thomas Dudley Cabot, a former president of United Fruit). Michael Paine's uncle, Eric Schroeder, was a friend and investment associate of geologist Everette DeGolyer, a long-time Dresser Industries director, who served on the board with Prescott Bush. Schroeder was a cousin of Alexander "Sandy" Forbes, former director of United Fruit who "belonged to the elite Tryall Golf Club retreat in Jamaica with ... Paul Raigorodsky," who has been linked to the Kennedy assassination by the Torbitt Document. [source: Richard Bartholomew, "Possible Discovery," p. 38. See also Mary Bancroft, "Autobiography of a Spy" (New York: William Morrow, 1983). DeGolyer was an advisor to the University of Texas Board of Regents and its chairman, Harry Huntt Ransom, and was also a business partner of Lewis MacNaughton in the Dallas oil exploration firm DeGolyer and MacNaughton. MacNaughton had many CIA contacts and his personal accountant, George Bouhe, was one of Oswald's chief Russian guardians in Dallas in 1962. See Lon Tinkle, Mr. De: A Biography of Everette Lee DeGolyer, (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1970), pp. 224, 239 and Peter Dale Scott, The Dallas Conspiracy, ch. III, p. 6. Bartholomew cites as a source: Peter Dale Scott, "Government Documents and the Kennedy Assassination," (unpublished manuscript), ch. II, p. 4, and states: "Note: The St. Nicholas Parish was a CIA-subsidized Russian Orthodox church outside Russia, restricted to aristocratic anti-Bolshevik Russians who had been 'checked, rechecked, and double checked' by the CIA-subsidized Tolstoy Foundation. (9 H 5, 7, cited in Scott, Government Documents..., ch. II, p. 1.)"] Everett DeGolyer became a famous geologist from Oklahoma, who spent his entire career working for the Pearson oil companies controlled by the same titled family that owned both the media conglomerate and Lazard Brothers investment bank. He was a long-time Dresser director in Dallas where he was a geophysical consultant for all the oil companies. His had begun when as a young man he was employed by the Mexican Eagle Oil Co., owned by Sir Weetman Pearson, who called him to London in 1918 and asked him to sell Mexican Eagle to Royal Dutch Shell. The proceeds from the sale were invested by Pearson in the creation of a new oil company founded and operated by De Golyer in 1919 called Amerada (some years later merged into Amerada Hess), a big percentage of which was owned by the British government. DeGolyer maintained offices in Houston as well as Dallas and was well-known in the Houston and Dallas petroleum clubs frequented by George Bush and the Liedtkes. One of DeGolyer's daughters married George C. McGhee, a U.S. State Department official, who was present in May 1954 at the first Bilderberg meeting with George Ball, David Rockefeller, Prince Bernhard of Holland and Dr. Joseph Retinger. [source: . William Engdahl, A Century of War, p. 149.] McGhee later served as a trustee of the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, set up to shape the "limits to growth" agenda. [source: Engdahl, p. 160.] By that time McGhee had left the State Department to become a director of Mobil Oil, the company which absorbed Magnolia Oil Company, a Rockefeller company which was founded by Galveston banking interests involved in constructing a railroad from the Galveston-Houston area to St. Louis, which came to be part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad financed by G. H. Walker & Co. WEB SOURCES: http://members.tripod.com/~american_almanac/chaispot.htm http://www.webcom.com/~pinknoiz/covert/ciaguatemala.html http://members.tripod.com/~Mictlantecuhtli...uatemala1i.html http://www.servtech.com/~grugyn/lowle1.htm This file concerns the lineage of the Lowell family as it relates to the formation of the Essex Junto, Federalist Party, and the Russell Trust (which is home of Skull & Bones). The primary source is The Lowells and their Seven Worlds by Ferris Greensley, Houghton Mifflin, the Riverside Press, Boston, 1946. The Cabots have also supported Massachusetts Institute of Technology for many years, and have severed on the MIT Corporation. In 1960 the Thomas Dudley Cabot Scholarship Fund was established as part of the permanent endowment. [source: http://www-tech.mit.edu/V115/N29/cabot.29n.html. Cabot genealogy http://www.pa.uky.edu/~shapere/dkbingham/d0003/g0000074.html From the CTRL archives at http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/scripts/wa.exe?S1=ctrl--Treason in America -- From Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman by Anton Chaitkin © 1984; New Benjamin Franklin House P. O. Box 20551 New York, New York 10023: http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/scripts/wa.exe...=&a=&b= http://www.parascope.com/articles/1196/nazis.htm Click. THE MONEY LORDS OF HARVARD: HOW THE MONEY WORKS AT THE WORLD'S RICHEST UNIVERSITY. by Catherine Austin Fitts © 2000 WHY THE HARVARD CORPORATION PROTECTS THE DRUG TRADE. by LINDA MINOR © 2000. Click. Part 1. Click Part 2.Click Part 3. Click. THE "PUG WINOKUR DATA DUMP." by the Octopodes. Click. BUSHWACKED: HUD Fraud, Spooks and the Slumlords of Harvard by Uri Dowbenko © 2000.

While looking up a link to John Howard Bowen the Mexico based "missionary" who ran assassination schools and rode with Lee Harvey Oswald across the El Paso border into Mexico on a bus, I discovered this story by Linda Minor related to VoterScam in 2000. There, Linda proposed and documented a strong link between LBJ and the members of the wedding party at the Draper-Taft wedding in 1917. Anton Chaitkin and Webster Tarpley first came up with the story linking these guys and the Bush family to the British East India Company and their trafficking in opium from China and Turkey. Now I strongly suspect that the woman who was a bridesmaid for Helen Draper, with the last name of Cheyney was a member of Dick Cheyney's family and the usher with the last name of Alsop, was in all likelihood related to Joseph Alsop, mentioned in the article below. That means that most of the Taft-Draper ushers and 2 of the bridesmaids were linked into families who made their fortunes during the late 19th Century, via the Clipper ship trade routes maintained by the British East India Trading Company. And two of these families made their money using the lucrative Chinese and Turkish opium trade business. And the Forbes family were also involved with the illicit opium trade as well. As in Malcolm "Steve" Forbes who used Thomas Ellis as his campaign manger as did Jack Kemp, Jesse Helms and others. Forbes was from the Forbes Magazine family. And now Linda Minor links LBJ into those same characters from the Chinese and Turkish opium trade from the British East India Trading Company into LBJ via Joseph Alsop and George Root. Just read on. Suspend disbelief for now. Once you see the whole story, you will only BEGIN to realize how important the Top Ten Families represented at the Draper-Taft Wedding Party in 1917 were during the 100 years both BEFORE and AFTER that fateful wedding of 2 of America's elite families. Search for Allen Kirby and Robert Young in my other postings about Woolworth's, Greyhound and The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, IT&T, Carleton S. Coon, Uliuss Amoss and The Baltimore Metals Processing Company of Baltimore. All linked together in this enterprise. And the final denouement is the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald and Bowen were closely associated with not only the LBJ affiliated Brown and Root operations but also with the operations of G. H. Walker and Co. which later became G. H. Walker, Laird & Co. as in Melvin Laird, Secretary of Defense for Nixon and probably for Ford, too. WAS LBJ A TOOL OF THE DRUG LORDS? Once Lyndon Johnson began to make himself heard in Congress, he quickly attracted the attention of Franklin Roosevelt. He was groomed for many of the endeavors he would use to make his name by FDR backers such as Joe Alsop, who had begun his undercover intelligence career in the O.S.S. Alsop and his brother Stewart were related to FDR by marriage on his mother's side--the Delano family whose role in the opium trade has been documented previously on this website--as well as being the sons of Eleanor's first cousin, Corinne Robinson Alsop . In fact, it was Joe Alsop who in 1963 repeatedly suggested to Johnson that the only way to keep the Washington Post off his back was to appoint the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination. The Alsop, Delano, Roosevelt and Forbes families of Boston and New York were interwoven by marriage and by financial investment in enterprises such as the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. These families stem from a syndicate created by Thomas Handasyd Perkins of Newburyport, Massachusetts--forced out of the lucrative African slave trade to establish an alternative shipping empire based on opium. By the 1830s, the Russells (who were founders of Yale's Skull and Bones Society along with Amos Alonzo Taft related to both President Robert H. Taft and Senator Taft from Ohio) had bought out the Perkins syndicate and made Connecticut the primary center of the U.S. opium racket. Massachusetts families (Coolidge, Sturgis, Forbes and Delano) joined Connecticut (Alsop) and New York (Low) smuggler-millionaires under the Russell auspices. <a href="http://www.tarpley.net/bush7.htm" target="_blank">http://www.tarpley.net/bush7.htm </a> This account is supported by historical research conducted by John K. Fairbank in his 1968 article for the American Historical Association, posted at http://www.theaha.org/info/AHA_History/jkfairbank.htm. Fairbank indicates that the opium profits were invested in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and the Michigan Central. A man named John N. Alsop Griswold of New York, a Russell & Company (Skull and Bones) partner at Shanghai, returned to become president of the Illinois Central in 1855 and was later chairman of the CB&Q. The CB&Q was, of course, based in St. Louis, and it constituted the northern extension of the same railroad that dipped southerly into Mexico through Kingsville and Laredo. It was financed by the same opium profits. See the News Making News article at http://www.newsmakingnews.com/lmharvardpart3.htm This railroad now stretches from Mexico to Canada under the control of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe. http://www.tmm.com.mx/english/ihistoria/inuevatmm3.htm This railroad was the primary beneficiary of NAFTA. It is also steeped in allegations of drug smuggling. http://www.mega.nu:8080/ampp/wardrugs.html and http://www.insightmag.com/archive/200007103.shtml Alsop was aided in his handling of Johnson by Floridian, Phil Graham, the son-in-law of Eugene Meyer--the only man besides Bush's Uncle Herbie who is known to have invested in George H.W. Bush's first oil company in Midland, Texas. In December 1959, in preparation for the 1960 election, Graham was already busy planning how to clinch the Democratic nomination for Lyndon. As soon as Phil realized that Johnson was not going to make it, he hatched the plan for Kennedy to select Johnson as his running mate. Johnson himself would later credit Phil with pushing Kennedy to choose him. He told biographer Doris Kearns Goodwin that Phil "told Kennedy to make me vice president." Once Kennedy clinched the nomination, Phil and Joseph Alsop hurried to his suite at the Biltmore and explained the virtues of Johnson as running mate....According to Pierre Salinger, John Kennedy's press secretary, Phil [Graham] was one of the elite group of journalists--others were Ben Bradlee, Joe Alsop, Walter Lippmann--who could simply pick up the telephone and call JFK. They were very close. But the man who really gets credit for electing LBJ is usually said to be George R. Brown of Brown & Root. In the 1930's the Brown brothers were in a two-bit construction business, paving the streets of small towns in Central Texas. Almost overnight, in 1942 after teaming up with Johnson, they won their first government contract to build a dam, then a naval air station in Corpus Christi, near the Cong. district Kleberg had represented. Their next opportunity was to expand into shipbuilding. By 1947 George Brown was placed on the boards of a number of multi-national corporations with interlocking directorates. During George Brown's tenure on the ITT board other directors included Allan Kirby, an heir to the Woolworth fortune, Robert Young, a former stockbroker turned railroad tycoon connected with Allegheny Corp., and Robert McKinney-Young's cousin-of Davis Manufacturing. The names Allan Kirby and Robert Young provide a strong clue to Brown's other connections. Allan Kirby had had virtual control of Allegheny since 1937. Solomon Warfield had secured a number of shares of Allegheny preferred stock, "issued in a storm of controversy by the banker J.P. Morgan, who was a chief investor for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at the time they were Duke and Duchess of York," for his niece, Wallis Simpson (later the Duchess of Windsor), which she inherited upon his death in 1927. This stock had always been her "first investment favorite," according to her biographer Charles Higham. When the Duke and Duchess became friends with Robert Young, allegedly after being introduced by mutual friend Robert Foskett after they moved to the Bahamas, Young and his wife Anita became one of their few close friends. Both Foskett and Young were directors of Allegheny and lived in Palm Beach, Florida. By 1941 Young owned a controlling interest in the Allegheny Corporation, a holding company which owned the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad of Baltimore. In 1954, after a long proxy struggle, and with the aid of fellow Texans Clinton Williams, Murchison, Sr., and Sid Williams Richardson, Young gained control of the New York Central and became the chairman of its board. On January 25, 1958, Young apparently committed suicide with a shotgun at his winter mansion in Palm Beach, Florida. http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online...w/YY/fyo12.html Before his death, Young had convinced Murchison to entertain the Duke and Duchess and their entourage at his secluded ranch in the interior of Mexico in January 1950. This is the same ranch that has been alleged to have been used as a haven for the assassination team which operated out of the King Ranch. http://www.newsmakingnews.com/torbitt.htm There was testimony given in a Texas murder trial that there were twenty-five to thirty professional assassins kept in Mexico by the espionage section of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation; that these men were used to commit political assassinations all over North, South and Central America, the East European countries and in Russia; that these men were the absolute world's most accurate riflemen; they sometimes took private contracts to kill in the United States; that the contact man for employment of the riflemen was a man named Bowen posing as an American Council of Christian Churches' missionary in Mexico; that you could reach Bowen through the owner of the St. Anthony's Hotel in Laredo, Texas. Albert Alexander Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen, alias J.H. Owen, a charter member and employee of the A.C.C.C., met Lee Harvey Oswald and accompanied him to Mexico City in late September of 1963 Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen, was discovered to have another person working with him who also used the alias John Howard Bowen. The second person also traveling as Bowen was Fred Lee Crismon, another agent for the munitions makers police agency, the Defense Industrial Security Command. Crismon also posed as a missionary and also used other aliases. Among the cognomens for Crismon were Fred Lee, Jon Gould and Jon Gold. Osborne and Crismon also bore a marked resemblance and appeared to be about the same age. Crismon was a Syrian immigrant and had been closely associated with Osborne since the 1920's. Crismon, Osborne and their riflemen charges in Mexico were based at Clint Murchison's huge ranch when not posing as missionaries in other areas of Mexico.

I have not given John Gillespie permission to post without a photograph. (He did have a photograph that has been taken down.) I have placed him on moderation until he adds his photograph. John, Could you please remove the last grafitti tag posting he made about my posting on Carleton S. Coon? It gives credence to those who continue to oppose the role played by Dr. Carleton S. Coon which was first discovered by James Richards. It even puts the research of James Richards into the category of disreputable and disingenuous efforts which is perhaps what this Gillespie character wanted to accomplish under his surreptitious identity. Thanks, John B

Some poster named John Gillespie is posting without a valid photo or picture. He is also just grafitti tagging on very relevant and very important postings about Carleton S. Coon without contributing anything positive using only snide comments and rude rebuttals. He is a friend of Bill Kelly's and this is just obvious harassment.

A recent attempt to delineate all or most of the incidents related to foreknowledge of the JFK assassination left out about a dozen valuable occurrences. But the lack of any attempt to perform a cross-correlation of these incidents back to their source is also NOTABLY AND CONSPICUOUSLY ABSENT. Why? Because most of them involve either extreme right wingers, links to the Army or Army Intelligence or links to anti-Castro Cuban exiles. And the person who compiled this listing, from the rigorous work of "other researchers", not his own efforts, has always rejected out of hand any contributions from either right wing extremists, active or inactive Army regulars, Army Intelligence and for the most part the anti-Castro Cuban exiles. Just a bit disingenuous to say the least! Case #1: Cambridge, England – Telephone call. See: Bowen, Howard. (right wing extremist) There was testimony given in a Texas murder trial that there were twenty-five to thirty professional assassins kept in Mexico by the espionage section of the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation; that these men were used to commit political assassinations all over North, South and Central America, the East European countries and in Russia; that these men were the absolute world's most accurate riflemen; they sometimes took private contracts to kill in the United States; that the contact man for employment of the riflemen was a man named Bowen posing as an American Council of Christian Churches' missionary in Mexico; that you could reach Bowen through the owner of the St. Anthony's Hotel in Laredo, Texas. Albert Alexander Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen, alias J.H. Owen, a charter member and employee of the A.C.C.C., met Lee Harvey Oswald and accompanied him to Mexico City in late September of 1963. Osborne, alias John Howard Bowen, was discovered to have another person working with him who also used the alias John Howard Bowen. The second person also traveling as Bowen was Fred Lee Crismon, another agent for the munitions makers police agency, the Defense Industrial Security Command. Crismon also posed as a missionary and also used other aliases. Among the cognomens for Crismon were Fred Lee, Jon Gould and Jon Gold. Osborne and Crismon also bore a marked resemblance and appeared to be about the same age. Crismon was a Syrian immigrant and had been closely associated with Osborne since the 1920's. Crismon, Osborne and their riflemen charges in Mexico were based at Clint Murchison's huge ranch when not posing as missionaries in other areas of Mexico. Case #2: Cheramie, Rose – Jack Ruby associate. See: Louisiana State Police (HSCA) (Cuban exiles) Case #3: Dinkin, Eugene B. – American soldier in Germany, claims to have picked up on the assassination plot from Army Security Agency monitor of OAS, the Algerian French Generals, went AOL (sic) should be AWOL and tried to inform American ambassador. See : Russell, Dick, TMWKTM. (Army or Army Intelligence) Case #4: Grace, William – “Shortly before the assassination an executive of the Grace Lines was found unconscious in the street. Taken to a hospital, he mumbled that the president was to be shot. He had an appointment with Army Intelligence agents before he was found.” (Paris Flamonde, The Kennedy Conspiracy). Also : “An executive of the Grace Lines suffered a concussion after coming into contact with an Army Intelligence agent. While in a delirium he said, ‘The President is in danger!...”. [Also NoteLHO wrote to mother/brother he “made reservations on a Grace liner.” ] Grace Lines owner, Peter Grace was a Knight and sponsored The Knights of Malta chapter (right wing extremist and friendly with Willoughby, Fellers, del Valle, Corso and Douglas-Hamilton who were on suspect lists of Richard Condon, Bill Turner, and Dick Russell who are credible, believable and professional researchers and journalists) Case #5: Martinez, Jorge Soto – On Nov. 1, told Lillian Springler at Parrot Jungle in Miami JFK to be killed by “Lee, been to Russia, Mexico.” JSM lived in apartment above Mike McLaney’s garage, former Cuban Customs, worked at Fountainblu (sic) Hotel. Should be The Fountainbleau Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida. Cuban Exile Case #6: Martino, John – To his wife, on the morning of the assassination (See: Summers, Vanity Fair, SWHT), also Larry Hancock’s “Someone Would Have Talked.” John Bircher, right winger and friend of Revilo P. Oliver Warren Commission interviewee who was also named in THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE BY RICHARD CONDON Case #7: Milteer, Joseph - (RIP Feb. 28, 1974) Alias Samuel Steven Story. See: William Augusta Somerset – Agent 88 - undercover conversations. NO, April 63. Right Wing Extremist with J. Strom Thurmond's National States Rights Party and Willis Carto's Congress of Freedom Thurmond was in THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE Case #8: Odio, Syliva – See: Fonzi, Gaeton (HSCA; The Last Investigation)/ Russell, Dick (TMWKTM). Cuban Exiles Case #9: Oxnard, California telephone call – See: Peter Noyes, Legacy of Doubt; latest by Greg Parker. Ed Forum & Blog http://reopenkennedycase.weebly.com/forums.html Case #10: Paine, Michael – Was talking about political assassination as JFK was being killed. Right wing extremist befriended George de Mohrenschildt who reported to Anastase Vonsiatsky, THE MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE himself Case #11: Philbrick, Herbert – See: Jean Hill. Philbrick expressed foreknowledge of the assassination. Former FBI under-cover informant, right wing author, John Bircher, self-appointed citizen sentinel and minuteman against Communism Herbert Arthur Philbrick (May 11, 1915 - August 16, 1993) was a Boston area advertising executive who, while acting as a citizen volunteer, successfully infiltrated the Communist Party USA between 1940 and 1949 on behalf of the FBI[1]. His involvement began when he joined a Communist front group in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Cambridge Youth Council. His suspicions aroused by the strange power structure and the positions taken by this group, Philbrick contacted the FBI. Encouraged by them, he began deepening his involvement in Communist activities, joining first the Young Communist League, and later, as a secret member, the Communist Party itself. He went on to write an autobiographical book, I Led Three Lives: Citizen, 'Communist', Counterspy, which was made into a movie. In addition, a television series called I Led Three Lives, starring Richard Carlson and Ed Hinton, loosely based on Philbrick's experiences, aired in syndication for three years during the 1950s. Later in life, Philbrick retired to the home of his youth, in the Little Boar's Head district of North Hampton, New Hampshire. He remained active, giving speeches and encouraging youth and adult citizens to exercise their political rights and power, admonishing his listeners to be ever-watchful against those who would undermine the democratic form of government. Toward the end of his life, he owned and ran a variety store in Rye Beach, New Hampshire. Shunning fame, he confided that he never stopped traveling under assumed names and watching for people following him. Philbrick rarely discussed his time with the FBI and the Communist Party; his response to those who asked: "Read the book." Case #12: Rivera, Jose, Dr. (Col. USAR) – See: Adele Edisen (ARRB). Rivera not only expressed foreknowledge of JFK’s assassination, but also of his son Patrick’s premature death and that LHO would move into the apartment on Magazine Street, New Orleans before LHO knew. United States Army Reserve and Cuban exile Case #13: Underhill, G. Garrett – See: Turner, William, Ramparts. Also Military Intelligence Service (unspecified branch, but certainly NOT IN THE CIA) Who is the J. Garrett UNDERHILL referred to in Garrison's Playboy interview as a former CIA agent? He served with the Military Intelligence Service from 6 July 1943 to May 1946 as an expert in photography, enemy weapons, and related technical specialities. He was in infrequent contact with the New York office of the Domestic Contact Service, of CIA from late 1949 to the mid-'50s. The contact was routine. Mr. UNDERHILL was not an employee of CIA. Case #14: Emilio Nunuz Portuondo - Telephone call overheard by overseas operator. Portuondo was the Military Affairs Editor for none other than Charles A. Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest. (Right wing extremist AND anti-Castro Cuban exile) Case #15: Homer S. Echevarria - Chicago only a few weeks before the Tampa and Miami failed plots. Bragged to friends that "we were going to take care of Kennedy" (Anti-Castro Cuban exile and member of 30th of November Movement) More cases to come... Are all these just examples of "convenient ignorance", "actual ignorance" or "deliberate obfuscation" on the part of this original amateur blogger who claims to be a professional journalist while just working for an Atlantic City Casino for 20+ years. Either way it does a disservice to the research community, to actively oppose the investigation of Right Wing Extremists and Army Intelligence, then to deliberately ignore evidence supporting this thesis. And to pass yourself off as a "free-lance journalist" when you have never made a nickel at journalism is just outright fraud and lies. Hypocrisy to the Nth degree? Selective attention span? Bad research? All of the above? Goldbricker on Philbrick? I vote for ALL of the above. The Shickshinny Knights of Malta include MY SUSPECTS, SOME OF DICK RUSSELL'S SUSPECTS AND MOST OF BILL TURNER'S SUSPECTS PLUS SEVERAL OF RICHARD CONDON'S SUSPECTS. I choose to go with them and ignore ALL "false or fake researchers conclusions" which are usually not consistent, unsupportable, biased, prejudiced and undocumented, totally undocumented. 1) Charles Willoughby 2) Bonner Fellers 3) Philip J. Corso 4) Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton 5) Pedro A. del Valle 6) Patrick J. Frawley, Jr. VATICAN LETTER April 15, 1988 (870 words) Backgrounder from ROME KNIGHTS OF MALTA: KINGDOM OF SUPERLATIVES By Greg Erlandson National Catholic News Service ROME (NC) -- When Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie, a 58-year-old blue-blooded celibate judo expert, became the 78th grand master of the Knights of Malta April 8, he inherited a kingdom of superlatives. The new grand master assumed command of the world's most ancient chivalric order and the world's smallest sovereign state. His knights, including some of Europe's oldest Catholic nobility and America's newest captains of commerce, dedicate themselves to a worldwide charitable organization tackling leprosy and other dread afflictions. But at one time the order was the first pan-European fighting force, serving on the front lines of Christendom's war with Islam. The Knights of Malta were founded during the First Crusade by Blessed Gerard, a monk who ran a hospital for pilgrims in 11th-century Jerusalem. Little is known of Brother Gerard's background. At first the order was solely religious in character. Recognizing the need to protect pilgrims and to defend the newly conquered Holy Land from Moslem counterattacks, Blessed Gerard's successors became a military order in the 12th century. Recruiting members, usually noblemen, from throughout Christian Europe, the knights provided hospices and infirmaries for pilgrims and manned military fortifications in the southern Mediterranean against Islam's armies. Over the course of centuries, the order was driven first from Jerusalem, then Rhodes, Greece, by Moslem armies, and finally from Malta by Napoleon. Today the order's official title is the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, and its symbol is the eight-pointed Maltese cross. A sovereign state having diplomatic relations with 50 countries, the order mints its own coins and issues its own license plates and passports. Its property, which enjoys extraterritorial status similar to the Vatican, consists of a palace on Rome's chic Via Condotti, just down the street from Gucci's, and a villa on the Aventine Hill a few miles to the south. The villa's front gate is a popular stop for tourists, who can spy the dome of St. Peter's Basilica across town by peering through its keyhole. It was at the villa April 14 that Grand Master Bertie, standing on an Oriental carpet spread out upon a pebbled terrace ringed by orange trees and date palms overlooking the Tiber River, received the congratulations of ambassadors and diplomats as chief of state. But the Knights are also a religious order, and the scholarly grand master, known for his linguistic skills and a royal lineage traced back to the 14th-century Scottish King Robert II, is a vowed celibate. In the order's parlance, he is a Knight of Justice and bore the title "fra"' (brother) before his election. Bertie is also related to the family of Sir Winston Churchill through an aunt who married into that family. There are only 44 Knights of Justice, all of whom must be able to prove their noble bloodlines and are bound by vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Only these ranks can produce a grand master. A second class within the order consists of the Knights of Obedience, who also must be of noble lineage and who are the equivalent of a religious third order. The third class consists of lay members and honorary chaplains divided into various grades, including Knights and Dames of Honor and Devotion, Knights and Dames of Grace and Devotion, and Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace, known in the United States as master knights. There are 12,000 members worldwide. Three organizations for the Knights and Dames of Malta exist in the United States, one of them headed by businessman Peter Grace. William Simon, former treasury secretary, and Lee Iacocca are also Knights of Malta, according to the Knights' Rome information office. As a religious order, the Knights of Malta are historically tied to the Holy See, and the pope is technically the order's superior. His appointed representative to the order is Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio. Elected for life and subject to the approval of the pope, the grand master was invested with the title of prince in 1607 and has a rank equal to that of cardinal thanks to a decree by Pope Urban VIII in 1630. Today, that means little more than that he can be addressed as "eminence." A major concern of Grand Master Bertie is vocations, which he called a matter of "primary importance" for the order during his first official speech. But if the honorific titles and the red tunics, golden swords and spurs of the Knights' dress uniforms strike some as hopelessly antiquated, the order's charitable goals are demanding and contemporary. Reflecting roots as a hospital order and aid society, today the Knights run leprosariums throughout Africa and Asia, hospitals, nursing schools, centers for the elderly and handicapped around the world. The order operates in about 90 countries, including some of the world's poorest or most violent. It is particularly proud of its medical teams in war-torn Lebanon and El Salvador. The Knights see their modern aid effort as a logical expression of their chivalric code to serve Christ and the less fortunate. Even updated for the 1980s, this noublesse oblige is a tall order for the world's smallest state, but for Grand Master Bertie and his kingdom of noble knights, it comes with the territory.

______________________________________________________ It's taken a few days to reply to this. This is certainly one of the most relevant and eye-opening posts I have ever read on this site. Ever! The contributions of Dr. Carleton S. Coon to assassination technology and techniques are just immense. My hat is off to you for coming up with such a great find. Congrats! And to link him in as the "original" Indiana Jones is just amazing. How did you ever figure that out. I am in AWE... Total AWWWWWE! Where is your photograph anyway?

http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/?personID=1178 Answer: The same bastidges who went after Clinton! THE MONEY BEHIND THE MOVEMENT Who's funding the Conservative Movement? KOCH FOUNDATIONS: David H. Koch Charitable Foundation Charles G. Koch Foundation Claude R. Lambe Foundation SCAIFE FOUNDATIONS: Sarah Scaife Foundation The Carthage Foundation Allegheny Foundation BIG OIL: Exxon Mobil WAL-MART: Wal-Mart See the previous Media Transparency site. All People Funders Recipients Person or Organization's Name Year Financials Thomas S. Monaghan T. Kenneth Cribb James Piereson Edwin Ed Meese Chester E. Finn Charles G. Koch Richard H. Fink Michael S. Joyce Robert P. George Paul R. Roney Vonda Holliman Richard M. Scaife Peter M. Flanigan Edwin J. Feulner Leonard P. Liggio Walton Family Foundation Ave Maria Foundation John M. Olin Foundation Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation Sarah Scaife Foundation F.M. Kirby Foundation Smith Richardson Foundation Gilder Foundation Carthage Foundation Earhart Foundation David H. Koch Charitable Foundation Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation Exxon Mobil Corporation Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation Allegheny Foundation The Heritage Foundation National Rifle Association American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research US Chamber of Commerce Young America's Foundation Cato Institute The Fund for American Studies Leadership Institute WashingtonLegal Foundation Intercollegiate Studies Institute Manhattan Institute for Policy Research Hudson Institute Institute for Justice Pacific Legal Foundation Capital Research Center

You know I hate to use that previously censored or verboten phrase: "Killing Commies for Christ", but doesn't "Killing Muslims for Christ" seem to be equally applicable here? The more I dug into the Shickshinny Knights of Malta, the more I realized that those guys would do ANYTHING, just about ANYTHING and EVERYTHING in order to protect and defend the Mother Church against attacks from either Communism, the Muslims or the Martians for that matter. I used to think of the Knights of Malta as just a bunch of retired, old codgers, ex-military men, dressed up in bright red Praetorian Guard uniforms, with clanging sabers at their sides, and overdone Gold Epaulets on their shoulders gold buttons on their cloaks, and those Napolean styled hats with the frilly feathers, but then one of them showed me that the saber was very real, that it was very sharp and that he also carried a .38 Smith and Wesson revolver beneath his cape whenever the Bishop or an Archbishop made an appearance at ANY public church events. And then I became a believer. Hey, if the Secret Service took their jobs as seriously as the Knights of Malta did then JFK would have never been assassinated. Never. Now I re-discovered that both Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton, Maj. Gen. Charles Willoughby, Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso, Sir Barry Domville, Brig. Gen. Bonner Fellers and Lt. Gen. Pedro A. del Valle, all Nazis to the core were 6 of the main members of the Shickshinny Knights of Malta. And 4 of them have been on my JFK plotters list for over 15 years, while Willoughby and Fellers show up in The Manchurian Candidate, Fellers was linked to Draper Eugenicist Carleton S. Coon in Cairo, Egypt and James Angleton also in Man Cand, as a spy for Edwin Rommel, the Nazi General and Desert Fox, and Lt. Gen. Pedro A. del Valle is later identified by that Rutgers Professor who wrote about Scientific Racism as a 25 year correspondent of Draper's. So my top 4 Nazi Generals from Shickshinny Knights (Willoughby, Fellers, del Valle and Corso) are either Draperites or ManCand-ites. And who funded Shickshinny Knights from California? Patrick J. Frawley, Jr. of INCA fame who hired Robert J. Morris, yet another ManCand nominee at Technicolor and Schick Safety Razor. Corso worked for J. Strom Thurmond after retirement and Senator J. Strom Thurmond shows up as Senator Thomas Jordan on almost a letter for letter basis as an anagram. Go figure! Coincidence? Of course not! Conspiracy? Of course!

James, Didn't you once have a source (either named or unnamed) who was able to corroborate the links to Blackwater from Thomas Ellis, as I vaguely recall? John

Blackwater Must Go - Democracies can not survive this onslaught... Blackwater: The Real “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy”? By Ali Gharib | Posted: July 17, 2008 Businessmen with ties to the GOP and right-wing ideologies and pedigrees are not uncommon. What makes Erik Prince special is the confluence of his core beliefs—militarism, right-wing Christianity, and privatization—in his controversial mercenary business, Blackwater Worldwide. At the center of a heated scandal over abuses committed by private military contractors in Iraq and elsewhere, Blackwater has begun to expand its business into intelligence gathering and a host of other security-related services. Its success is helping fill the coffers of some of the country’s most influential conservative political figures and prompting some observers to call it the “future of war.” When Hillary Clinton coined the phrase “vast right-wing conspiracy” during her husband’s presidency, she was referring only to the attacks against her husband—not to a rapidly expanding business of mercenaries and private spies whose largesse is helping fill the coffers of some of the country’s most influential right-wing politicians. But such a phrase comes to mind when one considers Blackwater Worldwide and its founder and CEO, Erik Prince. The company and its leader are tied together in a dizzying mix of right-wing ideologies ranging from privatization and enthusiasm for an unchecked free market, to aggressive nationalistic militarism, the Christian Right, and the broad executive power they rely on for patronage. Although already at the center of a heated controversy over the use of private military forces in Iraq and elsewhere, Blackwater has begun to expand its business into the realm of intelligence, as ardent Blackwater-watcher and journalist Jeremy Scahill reported last month in the Nation. The zealous privatization agenda of military-tied programs and the creation of what Scahill called “a structure paralleling the U.S. national security apparatus” converge in the new “private spy” mission of Total Intelligence Solutions—Blackwater’s espionage subsidiary. 1 Total Intelligence promises to bring “CIA-style” intelligence work to the boardrooms of mega-corporations and executive offices of foreign governments—probably among the few entities that can afford the heavy price tags associated with Blackwater services. In exchange for its massive fees, Total Intelligence Solutions delivers, according to its website, "surveillance and countersurveillance, deployed intelligence collection, and rapid safeguarding of employees or other key assets." 2 At the helm of Total Intelligence Solutions are two former CIA heavyweights—Cofer Black, a former counterterrorism specialist, and Robert Richer, a former executive in the CIA’s Directorate of Operations, where he ran clandestine activities in the Middle East and beyond. 3 But the outfit, like all of Blackwater, is under the purview of its secretive founder and head honcho, Prince. Conservative Origins and Connections Prince was born into right-wing politics with an ideological bent. His father, Edgar Prince, was the head of a Michigan auto-parts company that, after his death in 1996, was sold for more than $1 billion. Edgar Prince, like his son after him, supported a bevy of right-wing causes, bankrolling the nation’s most powerful Christian Right organizations and pouring money into the Republican Party. The hard right surrounded young Prince nearly all his life. The area he grew up in Michigan was known for another massively rich corporate family with a record of funding right-wing causes and candidates: the DeVos family, which made its considerable fortune from its Amway empire (which, despite a Federal Trade Commission ruling stating otherwise, is still called a glorified pyramid scheme by detractors). The ties between the two like-minded clans were solidified when Erik Prince’s sister, Betsy, married into the family of the other local right-wing patrons. The DeVos family, she declared in 1997 in the Roll Call daily, “is the largest single contributor of soft money to the national Republican Party.” In his book, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army, Scahill noted that Amway “would rise to become one of the greatest corporate contributors in the U.S. electoral process in the 1990s, mostly to Republican candidates and causes.” 4 Edgar Prince, who, according to Religious Right luminary and friend Gary Bauer, committed himself to Jesus Christ after a heart attack in the 1970s, set the standard for right wing philanthropy for the family. 5 Edgar was instrumental in helping Bauer set up the Christian Right think tank and lobby group Family Research Council (FRC). The Princes also have close ties to James Dobson, who was on the founding board of FRC. Dobson, a child psychologist and perhaps the most powerful figure of the Christian Right today, runs Focus on the Family, which has benefited from the Princes’ lavish spending. Even after Edgar’s death in 1995—at his funeral, both Bauer and Dobson eulogized him—the family held tight to the two organizations. Edgar’s wife, Elsa, has served on both boards. She runs (and Erik serves as vice president for) the Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation, which gave at least $670,000 to FRC and $500,00 to Focus on the Family from 2003 to 2006, according to Salon.com. 6 FRC and Focus on the Family both support President George W. Bush, giving him unmitigated support and receiving high levels of access in return. As Scahill pointedly says in his book, “If there was one lesson Edgar Prince was poised to impart on his children, it was how to build and maintain an empire based on strict Christian values, right-wing politics, and free-market economics.” 7 In the last 20 years, Erik Prince has given more than $230,000 dollars to GOP candidates and conservative political action committees. 8 The list of candidates to whom he has donated reads like a who’s who of the far right of Washington elites: George W. Bush, Pat Buchanan, Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK), former Sen. Rick Santorum (R-PA), the late Sen. Jesse Helms (R-NC), Rep. Duncan Hunter (R-CA), and former Rep. Tom Delay (R-TX). Through his Freiheit Foundation, he gave $500,000 to Prison Fellowship Ministries, 9 which was founded by Nixon’s chief counsel Chuck Colson, who spent time in prison for crimes related to the Watergate scandal and converted to Evangelical Christianity while behind bars. In 2000, Prince also gave $30,000 to the American Enterprise Institute, a right-wing think tank that pushed for the invasion of Iraq and, via a revolving door with government, has unprecedented access to the Bush administration. 10 But more than just money, Prince has also given his time to right-wing causes and came of age within and among them. He had initially gone to the Naval Academy to earn his undergraduate degree, but he transferred to Hillsdale College in Michigan, a Christian-oriented school that Newsweek called “an institution with an almost Ayn Rand-like faith in free markets.” 11 Though Prince liked the Navy, one of his professors at Hillsdale said that Prince had found the academy “insufficiently tough and conservative,” in the words of Newsweek (Prince denied the comments). Prince interned at both FCR (becoming one of their first college interns) 12 and at the George H.W. Bush White House, where he did a six-month stint. 13 His burgeoning right-wing worldview was revealed in an interview he gave about the experience at the White House shortly after leaving, telling the Grand Rapids Press that he saw things there he didn’t agree with, such as gay groups being invited into the White House, a budget agreement that raised taxes, and the passage of the Clean Air Act, which regulated pollution and cost businesses money. 14 The Mercenary Business But businessmen with ties to the GOP and conservative ideologies and pedigrees are not uncommon. What makes Prince special is the confluence of his ideologies in his business—Blackwater. The two most readily discernable right-wing ideologies behind Prince and Blackwater are clearly militarism and privatization; it is, after all, a private military company. As far as privatization goes, Blackwater depends on government outfits like the State Department’s Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) to fall by the wayside so that the North Carolina-based mercenary outfit can pick up State contracts to do DSS’s old job—guard U.S. diplomats abroad. Protecting U.S. interests, notably people in war zones, is how Blackwater built its business. As of late 2007, the company had lost none of its protected charges in either Iraq or Afghanistan, both places where they have a heavy presence (Blackwater’s force in Iraq is two-thirds of what DSS has in total around the globe). 15 But its services have not been without controversy. Last September, Blackwater mercenaries gunned down 17 Iraqi civilians when a Blackwater-protected State convoy ran into traffic at Nisour Square in Baghdad. In a stark and troubling sign of Blackwater’s usurpation of government responsibilities, it was reported that a Blackwater employee was allowed to write the initial State Department report on the incident, which—contradicting later reports, most notably the Iraqi government’s—cited gunfire from the crowd as having set off the melee. 16 An official with knowledge of the investigation subsequently told the New York Times that the incident had been characterized by chaos and confusion, including infighting between Blackwater employees when one of them did not heed a ceasefire call. 17 Though the incident was neither the first nor last of reported Blackwater abuses, it was the first that garnered the attention of Congress. A hearing was called, and Prince, in line with Blackwater’s previous statements, denied any wrongdoing. Absurdly, he even denied that Blackwater had shot and killed innocent civilians. 18 None of the abuses, however, have been prosecuted either in Iraq—where U.S. contractors enjoy immunity—or in the United States. That immunity, however, is proving severely problematic as the Bush administration attempts to heal strained relations with it Iraqi allies, who remain outraged over the Nisour Square incident and other abuses committed by private security contractors. Contractor immunity, in fact, was one of the major holdups in U.S.-Iraqi negotiations for a controversial security agreement to replace the current U.N. mandate. 19 But given the hard-fought resistance to giving up contractor immunity—and the failure to prosecute alleged crimes upon return to the United States—some observers have begun to wonder if the private contractors haven’t overtaken the U.S. military in the Iraq pecking order. Pointing to a telling incident in which U.S. Army and Blackwater vehicles collided and Blackwater guards subsequently disarmed military personnel, researcher Madhavi Bhasin wrote, “The Iraqi Government has come to realize that the U.S. is attempting to run the Iraqi state through private contractors who cannot be held accountable for their misdeeds.” 20 Ideological Hodgepodge Blackwater’s tentacles into the world of right-wing ideology go well beyond the basics of militarism and privatization. Blackwater’s chief operating officer Joseph Schmitz, for example, was involved in several controversies during his time as inspector general (IG) of the Defense Department. One of them, bizarrely, was his obsession with a Prussian Army officer who was a hero in the American Revolutionary War and whose motto—“Always Under the Protection of the Almighty”—Schmitz spent months working into a new logo for the IG’s office, 21 with questionable disregard for the separation of church and state. Schmitz, as the Pentagon’s IG, was responsible for defense contracts. His watch saw the largest increase in military contracting ever—certainly a boon to Blackwater’s business. But in 2005, Schmitz resigned from the IG under pressure for malfeasance in his oversight—including questionably exonerating Iraq war architect Richard Perle for peddling his influence within the Pentagon. 22 Though he may have lacked oversight, Schmitz was certainly not shortsighted. His Catholicism, ideological politics, and doling out of contracts to Blackwater surely helped his chances of getting a gig with Prince’s outfit, which is where he landed the month after he resigned. Another Blackwater figure with ideological underpinnings is Cofer Black, the head of Total Intelligence Solutions and former head of the CIA’s Counterterrorism Center. While at the CIA (where he worked until 2002), Black oversaw one of the Bush administration’s forays into expanding the powers of the executive; many of those overreaches have been criticized for putting the executive branch above the law and beyond oversight. The program that Black was responsible for was no exception. According to Dana Priest of the Washington Post, under Black’s watch the Counterterrorism Center ran the “extraordinary rendition” program in which suspects were kidnapped by the CIA, taken to secret “black sites,” and interrogated with harsh methods that have given rise to accusations of torture. 23 After 9/11, Black had famously told Congress that, “the gloves came off.” 24 Perhaps, indeed, the gloves came off. And in addition to possibly conducting torture, those bare hands apparently also dialed up Blackwater—just two weeks after the attacks, Prince told Bill O’Reilly of Fox News, “The phone is ringing off the hook.” 25 A constant enemy of the aggressive economic right is taxation, and Blackwater Worldwide is no exception. In October 2007, Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA) sent a letter to Prince notifying him that there was evidence that “Blackwater may have engaged in significant tax evasion.” 26 The question arose from Blackwater’s classification of its armed guards as “independent contractors,” for which the company is not responsible for taxes like Social Security and Medicare, “for which it is legally responsible.” Waxman’s letter noted that Blackwater’s modus operandi was different than the two other military contractors doing private security for the State Department in Iraq, and that in at least one case, the Internal Revenue Service had deemed the independent contractor status as “without merit.” But that’s not the only way Prince and Blackwater have apparently sought to shortchange the government, even as their cups runneth over with taxpayer money in the form of contracts. Scahill reports that Prince registered Greystone Limited, a new division of Blackwater, with the government in 2004. But unlike other Blackwater subsidiaries, Greystone was not incorporated in Virginia, North Carolina, or even the domestic tax haven of Delaware. Instead, wrote Scahill, “Greystone was registered offshore in the Caribbean island-nation of Barbados. It was duly classified by the U.S. government as a ‘tax-exempt’ ‘corporate entity.’” 27 Though the offshore incorporation of Greystone happened in 2004, it was not until late 2007, just as the Nisour Square scandal broke, that Blackwater changed its name to reflect its global base and outreach, tweaking “Blackwater USA” to “Blackwater Worldwide”—a subtle change, but a meaningful one in light of Blackwater’s increasing enterprises and growing scope. Bill Sizemore of the Virginian-Pilot reported that the name change coincided with significant expansions, citing Blackwater’s desire for or recent foray into “a role providing private armed forces in support of international peacekeeping and nation-building operations,” acquisition of “an oceangoing ship for training and potential paramilitary use,” and a share of a federal “five-year federal counter narcotics contract that could be worth up to $15 billion.” 28 Sizemore also noted that Blackwater is expanding into the time-honored right-wing enterprise of traditional defense contractors—not training and private mercenary work, but rather weapons and equipment development, manufacturing, and sales. National Public Radio’s Corey Flintoff reported last fall that Blackwater now provides everything “from bomb-sniffing dogs to drone reconnaissance aircraft.” 29 Newsweek also reported that Blackwater “has a prototype of a spy blimp—an unmanned dirigible that could hover for days,” and that Prince’s “focus seems to be more on developing the latest high-tech gadgetry to sell to the government.” 30 “The Future of War”? But Blackwater is going global in other new and troubling ways. Scahill devotes a whole chapter of his new book to “Blackwater’s Man in Chile.” This is the “real” vast right-wing conspiracy going international. Through extensive interviews with Blackwater’s Latin-American recruiter himself, Scahill documents the relationship between Blackwater and Jose Miguel Pizarro Ovalle, the Chilean responsible for placing nearly 1,000 of his countrymen in Iraq under the employ of Blackwater. Pizarro is a passionate apologist for brutal right-wing Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, the general who in 1973 led a CIA-, U.S. government-, and multinational corporation–backed coup d’état to overthrow Chile’s democratically elected socialist president, Salvador Allende. In the congressional hearings last October, Prince tried to deflect accusations that his group is indeed a mercenary outfit. “People call us mercenaries,” he told the committee. “We have Americans working for America protecting Americans,” he said—omitting the fact that Blackwater employs non-Americans as well. 31 A New York Times blog noted that Prince’s answer is “in stark contrast to the Oxford English Dictionary definition: ‘A professional soldier working for a foreign government.’ But that’s the second definition in The American Heritage Dictionary. Here’s the first: ‘Motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain.’” 32 That is the essence of the problem with Blackwater. Scahill, an undisputed expert on Blackwater who has been called before Congress to testify about the mercenary group, quotes Michael Ratner, the president of the Center for Constitutional Rights: “The increasing use of contractors, private forces or as some would say ‘mercenaries’ makes wars easier to begin and to fight—it just takes money and not the citizenry.” 33 In a time when the Right misled the people of America into a war in Iraq that appears to be based on neoconservative ideology and aggressive nationalist economic interest in oil, this is a particularly potent criticism of Prince’s right-wing principles. As Scahill writes, the saga of Prince and Blackwater is “the living embodiment of the changes wrought by the revolution in military affairs and the privatization agenda radically expanded by the Bush administration under the guise of the war on terror. But more fundamentally, it is a story about the future of war, democracy, and governance.” 34 Ali Gharib is a Washington, D.C.-based reporter. He contributes to PRA’s Right Web (http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/) and is also a writer for the Inter Press Service. Sources: 1. Jeremy Scahill, “Blackwater’s Private Spies,” Nation, June 5, 2008. 2. Total Intelligence Solutions, “About Total Intelligence Solutions,” http://www.totalintel.com/dsp_aboutus.php. 3. Jeremy Scahill, “Blackwater’s Private Spies,” Nation, June 5, 2008. 4. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 71. 5. Ibid., pp. 69. 6. Ben Van Heuvelen, “The Bush Administration’s Ties to Blackwater,” Salon.com, October 2, 2007, http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2007/10/...bush/print.html. 7. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 66. 8. See, “Erik Prince’s Federal Campaign Contribution Report,” Newsmeat.com (as of July 16, 2008), http://newsmeat.com/ceo_political_donations/Erik_Prince.php. 9. Mediamouse.org,Grand Rapids Independent Media, “The Far Right in West Michigan: Freiheit Foundation,” http://www.mediamouse.org/resources/right.php?foundId=9. 10. Grand Rapids Independent Media, “The Far Right in West Michigan: Freiheit Foundation,” http://www.mediamouse.org/resources/right.php?foundId=9. 11. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 12. Letter from Family Research Council president Gary Bauer, April 13, 1995, as cited by Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 76. 13. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 14. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 15. Jeremy Scahill, “The War Business is Doing Well,” Star Tribune, June 19, 2008. 16. Jeremy Scahill, “Iraqis Sue Blackwater for Baghdad Killings,” Nation, October 11, 2007. 17. James Glanz and Sabrina Tavernise, “Blackwater Shooting Scence Was Chaotic,” The New York Times, September 28, 2007. 18. U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Chairman Henry Waxman (D-CA), “Hearing on Private Security Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan,” October 2, 2007, pp. 86 of transcript at http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20071127131151.pdf. 19. Patrick Cockburn, “Security Firms Lose Immunity In Iraq Deal,” The Independent, July 10, 2008. 20. Madhavi Bhasin, “Maliki and the Timetable: It's All About Blackwater,” Informed Comment, July 11, 2008, http://www.juancole.com/2008/07/bhasin-mal...le-its-all.html. 21. T. Christian Miller, “The Scrutinizer Finds Himself Under Scrutiny,” Los Angeles Times, September 25, 2005. 22. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 365 – 388. 23. Dana Priest, “Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake,” The Washington Post, December 4, 2005. 24. Dana Priest and Barton Gellman, “U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations,” The Washington Post, December 26, 2002. 25. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 26. Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA), “Letter to Blackwater Chairman Erik Prince.” See http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20071022094624.pdf 27. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 59. 28. Bill Sizemore, “Blackwater, Prince Looking Ahead After Media Blitz,” The Virginian-Pilot, October 19, 2007. 29. Corey Flintoff, “Blackwater’s Prince Has GOP, Christian Group Ties,” National Public Radio, September 25, 2007, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.p...toryId=14659780. 30. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 31. U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Chairman Henry Waxman (D-CA), “Hearing on Private Security Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan,” October 2, 2007, pp. 134 of transcript at http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20071127131151.pdf. 32. Mike Nizza, “Blackwater Chief’s Testimony, Minute-by-Minute,” The Lede (blog), The New York Times, October 2, 2007, see http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/0...kwater-hearing/. 33. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2008), pp. 60. 34. Ibid., pp. 63. print email share boomark New Profiles Center for Security Policy Parroting rightwing media talking points, CSP recently questioned whether the Obama administration was really on the side of the United States. Committee on the Present Danger At a recent CPD roundtable promoting U.S. missile defenses, participants were presented a video pushing discredited threats, like terrorists employing nuclear-armed ballistic missiles or knocking out the nation's infrastructure using EMP weapons... Rubin, Michael This AEI scholar argues the U.S. should consider assassinating Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, claims Obama is eroding human rights, and has been accused of providing misleading translations of quotes from Iranian officials to push his anti-Iran agenda... Adelson, Sheldon An important financial backer of rightist causes in Israel and the United States, in the last two years Adelson has seen his personal fortune plummet by $19 billion... Woolsey, James Woolsey, a former CIA director who calls the "war on terror" the "Long War," lambastes the Obama administration’s efforts to halt Israeli settlement growth in the West Bank as tantamount to accepting that Palestinians will kill Jews... The Right Web Mission Right Web tracks militarists’ efforts to influence U.S. foreign policy. December 05 2009 About Right Web Profiles Individuals Government Organizations Businesses Feature Stories From the Wires Right Web News GroupWatch Archive Feedback Ali Gharib, “Blackwater: The Real “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy”?,” Right Web (Somerville, MA: PRA, 2008). Web location: http://rightweb.irc-online.org/rw/4934.html Production Information: Author(s): Right Web Editor(s): Right Web Production: Political Research Associates 1310 Broadway, #201, Somerville, MA 02144 | pra@publiceye.org

From Chip Berlet on PRA Blackwater Worldwide: CEO PRA's Right Web neither represents nor endorses any of the individuals or groups profiled on this site. Erik Prince is the founder and CEO of Blackwater Worldwide, a controversial private security firm whose activities in Iraq and elsewhere have led some observers to term it a modern-day “mercenary army.” 1 A major contributor to the Republican Party, Prince is also a prominent backer of numerous conservative causes and rightist groups. In February 2007, after a string of setbacks—including the December 2008 indictment of several former Blackwater guards for their role in the shooting of civilians in Iraq and announcements in early 2009 by both Iraqi officials and the U.S. State Department that they were terminating their work with Blackwater in Iraq—the company announced that it was renaming itself Xe (pronounced “z”). 2 The name change also coincided with an effort by the company to diversify its offerings, which according to Wired magazine includes “making custom rifles, marketing spy blimps, assembling a fleet of light attack aicraft, and billing itself as experts in everything from cargo handling to dog training to construction management.” 3 Prince was born into a prominent conservative family in Michigan. He served as an intern in 1992 in the White House of President George H.W. Bush and, later, for Gary Bauer’s Family Research Council, an influential Religious Right organization that his father, Edgar Prince, helped found. 4 He found his experience at the White House not altogether positive, saying later, "I saw a lot of things I didn't agree with—homosexual groups being invited in, the budget agreement, the Clean Air Act, those kinds of bills." 5 In 1990, Prince worked at Rep. Dana Rohrabacher’s (R-CA) office, where he met and worked with future Blackwater lobbyist Paul Behrends. 6 A Naval Academy dropout, Prince eventually graduated from the conservative Hillsdale College in Michigan. In 1993, shortly after graduating, Prince “landed a spot with the Navy SEALs, performing secret missions in Haiti and Bosnia.” 7 Blackwater Shortly after Edgar’s death in 1995, the Prince family sold its lucrative automotive business for $1.3 billion, providing Erik with capital to found Blackwater, which he did in 1997 with Al Clark, another ex-SEAL. Clark and Prince “developed plans for a training center for police and military personnel. Prince later said the idea sprang from the lack of adequate facilities he experienced during his SEAL training. The men settled on a now-7,000-acre facility along swampland in North Carolina,” according to the Detroit Free Press. 8 Prince recalled in 2007, “At that time … the special operations community had been using private facilities since the late ’70s, you know, individual shooting experts, schools, and no one had really done it on a grand scale. At the same time, there were a lot of government facilities that were maybe not the best maintained and not the most user-friendly. And so I started something like an individual shooting school, very relevant for operators, for SWAT teams, for military units on a much bigger scale, in close proximity to one of the largest concentrations of the military right there in the Norfolk, Virginia area.” 9 Business was initially slow, but the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole “led the Navy to look for someone to train sailors to identify and respond to terrorist threats. Blackwater won a contract. But business really soared after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks—from about $200,000 in federal contracts in 2000 to $25 million in 2003 to nearly $600 million” in 2006. 10 By late 2007, Blackwater had received $1 billion in federal contracts. 11 The U.S. government outsourced jobs previously done by the army, and Blackwater began taking on contracts to protect diplomats in Iraq, among other things. Prince told Charlie Rose that, “We got into the security business because we had excellent trainers, we had a great curriculum, and we had big facilities that we could do large amounts of personnel that needed to be trained to a very high standard to do high-end security. So when the government demand came for a lot of extra security, especially after 9/11, in Afghanistan and then in Iraq, we competed for a lot of those. We were called, ‘Can you do this, can you do this fast?’ And we answered the call and we got it done.” 12 In fall 2007, Prince’s company came under intense scrutiny after its employees opened fire on and killed 17 unarmed Iraqi civilians who were apparently trying to flee the scene of a car bombing. The Blackwater guards were under a State Department contract. In the outcry that followed, the House of Representatives held a hearing on Blackwater and the privatization of military work. In his prepared statement, Prince insisted that though any loss of innocent life was tragic, “based on everything we currently know, the Blackwater team acted appropriately.” 13 In the aftermath of the killings, Blackwater claimed it had immunity from prosecution. 14 Some government officials, however, took a different view. "In my mind, the fundamental question that remains unanswered is this: Why have we come to rely on private contractors to provide combat or combat-related security training for our forces?" Defense Secretary Robert Gates wrote in a July 10, 2008, memo to the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Adm. Mike Mullen. "Further, are we comfortable with this practice, and do we fully understand the implications in terms of quality, responsiveness and sustainability?" 15 In December 2008, the Justice Department announced the indictments of six former Blackwater contractors for their roles in the 2007 killings. Responding to the indictments, Prince tried to describe his company’s work as patriotic, writing in an op-ed for the Wall Street Journal, “Last week the Department of Justice announced charges against six Blackwater security guards for a shooting incident in Baghdad in September 2007. But before the histories are written, it is crucial to understand the often mischaracterized role of security contractors in this unique war. … While some of our critics seize upon inaccurate labels, I doubt they have ever known one of our contractors personally or been protected by them. Our teams are not cooking meals or moving supplies. They are taking bullets. They are military veterans who have chosen to serve their country once again. Very few people know someone who would voluntarily go into a war zone to protect a person he has never met. I know 1,000 of them, and I am proud that they are part of our team.” 16 In July 2008, several months before the indictments and the company’s rechristening as Xe, Blackwater announced that it would pull back from the security business. The Associated Press (AP) reported, “Blackwater executives say they have unfairly become a symbol for all contractors in Iraq and thus the company is a target for those opposed to the war. It will continue guarding U.S. officials in Iraq but its future will be focused on training, aviation and logistics.” Prince told the AP, "The experience we've had would certainly be a disincentive to any other companies that want to step in and put their entire business at risk." 17 The AP reported that Blackwater ”has expanded its aviation division, which provides airplane and helicopter maintenance and also drops supplies into hard-to-reach military bases. A 6,000-foot runway is under construction and a large map in the company's hangar shows units based across the world, from Africa to the Middle East to Australia.” 18 Commenting on Blackwater’s announcement, Josh Marshall of the Talking Points Memo blog wrote, “Come to think of it, 'training, aviation, and logistics' sounds a lot like military contracting. But who knows. Eric Kleefeld suggests another possibility. As a partisan Republican mercenary outfit, they may rightly anticipate slackening sales under a Democratic president.” 19 [For more on Blackwater, see Ali Gharib, “Blackwater: The Real 'Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy'?” Right Web, July 18, 2008.] Political Connections, Family, and the Religious Right In a 2007 exposé on Blackwater, Ben Van Heuvelen reported that Prince “is no slouch when it comes to giving to Republicans and cultivating relationships with important conservatives.” 20 Prince has donated more than $230,000 to the Republican Party since 1986; in 1989, at age 19, he gave $15,000. 21 The politicians he has funded include George W. Bush, the late Sen. Jesse Helms (R-NC), Oliver North, Rep. Richard Pombo (R-CA), Rep. Dick Chrysler (R-MI), Rep. Rick Santorum (R-PA), Sen. Tom Coburn (R-OK), Rep. Tom DeLay (R-TX), Sen. Jim DeMint (R-SC), Rep. Mike Pence (R-IN), Sen. Jon Kyl (R-AZ), and Rep. Duncan Hunter (R-CA). 22 Observers have speculated that Blackwater’s success could be linked to Prince’s political connections. “[O]ne of Blackwater's earliest contracts in the national arena was a no-bid $5.4 million deal to provide security guards in Afghanistan, which came after Prince made a call to then CIA executive director Buzzy Krongard. What's more, Harper's Ken Silverstein has reported that Prince has a security pass for CIA headquarters and ‘meets with senior people’ inside the CIA. But Prince's most important benefactor was fellow conservative Roman Catholic convert L. Paul Bremer, former head of the Coalition Provisional Authority, the American occupation government in Iraq. In August 2003, Blackwater won a $27.7 million contract to provide personal security for Bremer.” 23 Prince, who converted to Roman Catholicism from the Calvinist Dutch Reform Church in 1992, 24 supports rightist Christian groups via the Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation, where he is vice president. 25 In fiscal 2006, the nonprofit foundation contributed nearly $8 million in grants to predominantly, if not exclusively, socially conservative groups, including $510,000 to the Family Research Council; $500,000 to the international proselytizing group Haggai Institute; $1,000,000 to the Alliance Defense Fund; and more than $1 million to the Christian Calvin College in Michigan. 26 Prince’s own nonprofit, the Freiheit Foundation, which he ran with his first wife Joan, funded a smaller but similar roster of conservative groups, including the Acton Institute, the Education Freedom Fund (where Prince’s sister, Betsy DeVos, is a board member), and Christian Freedom International. 27 In 2000 Prince’s Freiheit Foundation gave $500,000 to Prison Fellowship Ministries, a group run by Nixon official Charles Colson, and contributed $30,000 to the American Enterprise Institute. 28 The Freiheit Foundation appears to have stopped operating after Joan’s death in 2003. Prince served on the board of Christian Freedom International, which reporter Robert Weitzel described as “a crusading missionary organization operating in the overwhelmingly Islamic countries of Sudan, Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq.” 29 Prince’s family (late father Edgar, mother Elsa, and sister Betsy) have all been deeply involved in conservative politics. 30 Edgar, who founded the family automotive business, was a major backer of right-wing political and Christian groups, and was eulogized by Gary Bauer, who referred to him as his "mentor." 31 Betsy married into a powerful Michigan Republican Party family, the DeVoses, and Elsa (now Elsa Prince Broekhuizen after remarrying) has served on the boards of right-wing groups including the Family Research Council and Focus on the Family. 32 In a 2006 study on funders of anti-samesex marriage groups, scholar Sue O’Connell wrote that Elsa Prince Broekhuizen was the top individual contributor in Michigan to causes supporting amendments to limit same-sex marriage in 2004, giving $75,000 to Citizens for the Protection of Marriage. 33 O’Connell further explained Elsa’s familial and political ties: “Broekhuizen is the mother of Betsy DeVos, who was serving as chairman of the Michigan Republican Party in 2004. Betsy DeVos is married to Dick DeVos, currently a Republican candidate for governor of Michigan. Dick DeVos’ father is Amway co-founder Richard DeVos Sr., who gave $20,000 to the committee [Citizens for the Protection of Marriage]. Two other DeVos family members gave a combined $30,000.” 34 The Prince family also has strong ties to the Council for National Policy, a secretive right-wing nationalist group whose membership has included a number of high-profile conservatives, including Gary Bauer, Jeffrey Bell, Edwin Feulner, Jack Kemp, Edwin Meese, Tommy Thompson, and Paul Weyrich. Edgar Prince was a longtime board member; Prince Broekhuizen served as president for several years; and Erik Prince’s Freiheit Foundation has donated money to the group. 35 print email share boomark Affiliations Freiheit Foundation: President Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation: Vice President Family Research Council: Former Intern Christian Freedom International: Former Board Member Government Service U.S. Navy: 1992-1996 White House: Intern, 1992 Office of Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA): Intern, 1990 Private Sector Blackwater Worldwide: Founder and CEO Prince Group, LLC: Chairman Education Hillsdale College Date of Birth June 6, 1969 Additional Resources The Right Web Mission Right Web tracks militarists’ efforts to influence U.S. foreign policy. Sources 1. See, for example, Ali Gharib, “Blackwater: The Real “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy”? Right Web, July 18, 2008, http://rightweb.irc-online.org/rw/4934.html; see also, Mike Baker, “Blackwater dumps tarnished brand name,” Associated Press, February 13, 2009. 2. Mike Baker, “Blackwater dumps tarnished brand name,” Associated Press, February 13, 2009; Blackwater, “Blackwater Statement on Indictments of Former Contractors,” December 8, 2008, http://blackwatermediacenter.com/pdf/12-08...sour-Square.pdf. 3. Noah Schactman, “Blackwater's New Business: Training Pro Athletes,” Wired, February 9, 2009. 4. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2007), p. 12. 5. Jim Schaefer, M.L. Elrick And Todd Spangler, “Ready for Battle,” Detroit Free Press, October 7, 2007. 6. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2007), p. 148. 7. Jim Schaefer, M.L. Elrick And Todd Spangler, “Ready for Battle,” Detroit Free Press, October 7, 2007. 8. Jim Schaefer, M.L. Elrick And Todd Spangler, “Ready for Battle,” Detroit Free Press, October 7, 2007. 9. “A Conversation with the CEO and Chairman of Blackwater, Erik Prince,” Charlie Rose Show, October 15, 2007. 10. Jim Schaefer, M.L. Elrick And Todd Spangler, “Ready for Battle,” Detroit Free Press, October 7, 2007. 11. Dana Milbank, “The Man from Blackwater, Shooting from the Lip,” Washington Post, October 3, 2007, p. A2. 12. “A Conversation with the CEO and Chairman of Blackwater, Erik Prince,” Charlie Rose Show, October 15, 2007. 13. Statement of Erik D. Prince, House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Hearing on Blackwater USA, October 2, 2007, http://oversight.house.gov/documents/20071003153621.pdf. 14. Ali Gharib, “Blackwater: The Real “Vast Right-Wing Conspiracy”? Right Web, July 18, 2008, http://rightweb.irc-online.org/rw/4934.html. 15. Matt Apuzzo and Mike Baker, “Blackwater Plans Shift from Security Business,” Associated Press, July 21, 2008. 16. Eric Prince, "How Blackwater Serves America,” Wall Street Journal, December 16, 2008. 17. Matt Apuzzo and Mike Baker, “Blackwater Plans Shift from Security Business,” Associated Press, July 21, 2008. 18. Matt Apuzzo and Mike Baker, “Blackwater Plans Shift from Security Business,” Associated Press, July 21, 2008. 19. Josh Marshall, "Dry Goods?" Talking Points Memo, July 21, 2008. 20. Ben Van Heuvelen, “The Bush Administration's Ties to Blackwater,” Salon.com, October 2, 2007. 21. See, “Erik Prince’s Federal Campaign Contribution Report,” Newsmeat.com (as of July 24, 2008), http://newsmeat.com/ceo_political_donations/Erik_Prince.php. 22. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2007), p. 13; “Erik Prince’s Federal Campaign Contribution Report,” Newsmeat.com (as of July 24, 2008), http://newsmeat.com/ceo_political_donations/Erik_Prince.php. 23. Ben Van Heuvelen, “The Bush Administration's Ties to Blackwater,” Salon.com, October 2, 2007. 24. Evan Thomas and Mark Hosenball, “The Man Behind Blackwater,” Newsweek, October 22, 2007, http://www.newsweek.com/id/43361. 25. “Holland’s Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation Major Local and National Supporter of the Religious Right,” Grand Rapids Independent Media, Media Mouse, http://www.mediamouse.org/features/022707holla.php. 26. 2006 IRS Form 990-PF for the Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation, 27. 2000 IRS Form 990-PF for the Freiheit Foundation; “Blackwater Founder and West Michigan Native Funds Right-wing through Foundation,” Grand Rapids Independent Media, Media Mouse, http://www.mediamouse.org/features/092706black.php; Education Freedom Fund, Board of Directors, http://www.educationfreedomfund.org/. 28. 2000 IRS Form 990-PF for the Freiheit Foundation; Ben Van Heuvelen, “The Bush Administration's Ties to Blackwater,” Salon.com, October 2, 2007. 29. Robert Weitzel, “US Military’s Middle East Crusade for Christ,” CommonDreams.org, June 9, 2008. 30. For detailed accounts of the Prince family connections and donations to right-wing political groups, see the following reports from Media Mouse, a Michigan-based independent media group that has published a number of reports on the subject: “Holland's Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation Major Local and National Supporter of the Religious Right,” http://www.mediamouse.org/features/022707holla.php; “The Far Right in West Michigan: Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation,” http://www.mediamouse.org/resources/right.php?foundId=7; and “The Far Right in West Michigan: Dick and Betsy DeVos Foundation,” http://www.mediamouse.org/resources/right.php?foundId=5. 31. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army (New York: Nation Books, 2007), p. 11. 32. “Person Profile: Elsa Prince Broekhuizen,” Mediatransparency.com, http://www.mediatransparency.org/personpro...p?personID=1178. 33. Sue O’Connell, “The Money behind the Marriage Amendments,” Institute on Money in State Politics, January 27, 2006. 34. Sue O’Connell, “The Money behind the Marriage Amendments,” Institute on Money in State Politics, January 27, 2006. 35. 2000 IRS Form 990-PF for the Freiheit Foundation; “Person Profile: Elsa Prince Broekhuizen,” Mediatransparency.com, http://www.mediatransparency.org/personpro...p?personID=1178.

And as for The Manchurian Candidate reference which used to be on Google Books in full-text search mode, but it was removed for some unknown reason: "Tell him it's Ellie Iselin, he'll know." Ellis or his father, also wrote an intro to "White America" by Earnest Sevier (The Savior) Cox.

CNP profile of Tom Ellis Thomas F. Ellis - CNP President 1982-83, Executive Committee 1984-85; 1988, member 1996, 1998. Succeeded Tim LaHaye in 1982 as president of the CNP. Ellis was chairman of the National Congressional Club; principal stock-holder and a board member of the tax-exempt, non-profit Educational Support Foundation that in turn owns Jefferson Marketing. He appointed the officers and directors of Jefferson Marketing; was a "founder" of Fairness in Media, and chairman of the Coalition for Freedom, a tax-exempt foundation whose goal is to finance conservative-oriented television programs. Jefferson Marketing has absorbed most of the staff from the National Congressional Club and it has taken over such key activities as direct mail, staffed phone banks, automated telemarketing and the production and placement of commercials. 4. Former Director of Pioneer Fund. The Pioneer Fund served as a small part of "a multimillion dollar political empire of corporations, foundations, political action committees and ad hoc groups" active in 1980s (Washington Post, March 31, 1985, p. 1; A16) developed by Tom Ellis, Harry Weyher, Marion Parrott, Carter Wrenn and Jesse Helms. The Fund has served as a nexus between academic theory and practical political ideology. It's leadership, especially, Harry Weyher, Thomas F. Ellis and Marion A. Parrott are part of an interlocking set of directorates and associates linking the Pioneer Fund to Jesse Helms' high-tech political machine. Ellis, for example, simultaneously served as Chairman of the National Congressional Club and the Coalition for Freedom, co-founder of Fairness in Media, a board member of the Educational Support Foundation and Director of the Pioneer Fund. Harry Weyher, president of the Pioneer Fund served as lead counsel for Fairness in Media. 5 Recipients of Pioneer grants have included most of the leading Anglo-American academic race-scientists of the last several decades have been funded by the Pioneer, including William Shockley, Hans J. Eysenck, Arthur Jensen, Roger Pearson, Richard Lynn, J. Philippe Rushton, R. Travis Osborne, Linda Gottfredson, Robert A. Gordon, Daniel R. Vining, Jr., Michael Levin, and Seymour Itzkoff - all cited in The Bell Curve. (1)" 6 Founder of the Pioneer Fund, "Colonel Draper, as he was often called by his friends and admirers was a man searching for a way to restore an older order. Draper believed geneticists could scientifically prove the inferiority of Negros.... Under his direction, the Pioneer Fund's original charter outlined a commitment to "improve the character of the American people" by encouraging the procreation of descendants of the original white colonial stock." Draper turned more and more to academic irredentists still dedicated to white supremacy and eugenics. Most prominent among these early recruits was Henry Garrett, Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941-1955. A Virginia born segregationist, Garrett was a key witness in defending segregation...Garrett helped to distribute grants for Draper and was one of the founders of the International Association for the Advancement of Eugenics and Ethnology (IAAEE) in 1959. The IAAEE brought together academic defenders of segregation in the U.S. and apartheid in South Africa. The Pioneer Fund supported the IAAEE and other institutions working to legitimising race science, including the IAAEE's journal, Mankind Quarterly..." 7 The Pioneer Fund has changed little since its inception. An article in the New York Times on December 11, 1977 characterized it as having "supported highly controversial research by a dozen scientists who believe that blacks are genetically less intelligent than whites." In the 1960s Nobel Laureate William Shockley (1910-1989), a physicist at Stanford University best known for his "voluntary sterilization bonus plan" received an estimated $188,710 from the Pioneer Fund between 1971 and 1978. Arthur Jensen, an educational psychologist, garnered more than a million dollars in Pioneer grants over the past three decades. Three years after being recruited by Shockely, Jensen published his now famous attack on Head Start in the prestigious Harvard Education Review. Jensen claimed the problem with black children was that they had an average IQ of only 85 and that no amount of social engineering would improve their performance. Jensen urged "eugenic foresight" as the only solution. (7)" 8 Roger Pearson, whose Institute for the Study of Man has been one of the top Pioneer beneficiaries over the past twenty years ($870,000 from 1981-1996) is the clearest example of the extremist ideology of the Fund's leadership...Taking account of all groups linked to Pearson, Pioneer support between 1975-1996 exceeds one million dollars - nearly ten percent of the total Pioneer grants for that period. 9 "For an overview on 'race and intelligence,' Murray and Herrnstein recommend two books by three Pioneer Fund recipients: Audrey Shuey, Frank C. J. McGurk, and R. Travis Osborne. McGurk is the main authority they cite to 'prove' that IQ tests are not racially biased. He was one of the 'scientific' mainstays of the segregationist movement in the southern US. In 1959 McGurk and Shuey became leading members of the International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics, first publisher of Mankind Quarterly 10 Other members included Senator Jesse Helms and the oil billionaire Hunt brothers. Arch-racists in the South introduced Shuey's book in court during the 1960s to argue for continuing school segregation and denying the vote to black people. University of Georgia professor Osborne also testified in court against school integration. Osborne was still, in 1992, trying to prove the long-discarded theory that brain size is somehow related to intelligence." 11 Much of The Bell Curve's racist drivel comes from Mankind Quarterly, whose principle is that the "Negroid" race is inferior to all others, and from professors funded by the pro-Nazi Pioneer Fund (PF). Behind this fascist gang stand important members of the US ruling class. Seventeen authors cited in The Bell Curve are Mankind Quarterly (MQ) contributors. Ten are former or present editors or members of its editorial advisory board. MQ's avowed purpose is to counter "Communist" and "egalitarian" influences in anthropology. From its start in 1960, its founders and funders believed that white people were genetically superior. Robert Gayre was the founder of MQ and its editor-in-chief until 1978. As a champion of South African apartheid and a member of the ultra-right Candour League of white-ruled Rhodesia, he testified in court in 1968 that black people as a group are "worthless." Other MQ contributors have included Henry Garrett of Columbia University, who wrote pamphlets for the pro-segregation White Citizens Councils; Corrado Gini, the leader of fascist Italy's eugenics movement; and Ottmar von Verschner, a leading Nazi race-scientist and academic mentor of the concentration camp butcher Joseph Mengele. The key figure in the PF network is Roger Pearson, who is close to Jesse Helms. Sam Crutchfield, a lawyer for Helms, has been the lawyer for Pearson's Institute for the Study of Man. The PF has given Pearson over $787,400, mostly for editing Mankind Quarterly and The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies. The last publishes articles by PF recipients, notably Arthur Jensen, Michael Levin, and Richard Lynn. Thomas Ellis, a PF director, is a long-time friend and campaign manager for Helms. 12 In 1958, Pearson, living in London, led the Northern League. This white-power organization included former Nazi SS officials. Willis Carto, founder of the anti-black and anti-semitic Liberty Lobby, arranged a 1959 U.S. speaking tour for him. Pearson soon moved to the U.S. to edit the neo-Nazi publication Western Destiny. In Eugenics and Race he asserted: "If a nation with a more advanced, more specialized, or in any way superior set of genes mingles with, instead of exterminating, an inferior tribe, then it commits racial suicide. " This track record won Pearson influence in Washington, DC. In 1975 he became editor of the journal of the American Security Council...Pearson also headed the U.S. chapter of the World Anti-Communist League (WACL). In 1977 he became the international chair of this nest of fascist vipers. He organized its 1978 convention, which featured two U.S. Senators as keynote speakers. Then he was exposed as having recruited open neo-Nazis to WACL, and was forced to resign. Four years later,[1982] President Reagan personally thanked Pearson for his "substantial contributions to promoting and upholding those ideals and principles that we value at home and abroad." 13 "Pearson eventually replaced Gayre as editor of The Mankind Quarterly. Pearson, more than most, saw the potential in manipulating genetics for political goals when, in 1959, he wrote Eugenics and Race. He argued that the white race is endangered by inferior genetic stock, but with proper use of modern biological technology "a new super-generation" descended from "only the fittest" of the previous generation can be produced. Whoever adopted such a scientific breeding program "would dominate the rest of the world". Moving to the United States Pearson quickly became involved in far-right politics, first editing Western Destiny and later the short-lived The New Patriot, a magazine designed to conduct "a responsible but penetrating inquiry into every aspect of the Jewish Question". It included articles such as "Zionists and the Plot Against South Africa", "Early Jews and the Rise of Jewish Money Power", and "Swindlers of the Crematoria". Despite his fascist connections, Pearson became increasingly well connected with the Republican Party and the right-wing think-tank, The Heritage Foundation. 14 "Henry Garrett, Chair of Psychology at Columbia University from 1941 to 1955. A Virginia born segregationist, Garrett was a key witness defending segregation in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. During the 1950s and 1960s, Garrett helped to distribute grants for the Pioneer Fund and was one of the founders of the International Association for the Advancement of Eugenics and Ethnology (IAAEE) in 1959. The IAAEE brought together academic defenders of segregation in the USA and apartheid in South Africa. The Pioneer Fund supported the IAAEE and other institutions working to legitimise race-science, including the IAAEE's journal, The Mankind Quarterly." 15 Roger Pearson was a writer and organizer for the Nazi Northern League of northern Europe, who in 1977 joined the editorial board of Policy Review, the monthly Heritage Foundation publication. William Shockley, Arthur Jensen and Roger Pearson, who has written that "inferior races" should be "exterminated" were funded while Tom Ellis was director on the Pioneer board. At that same time, Ellis served on the CNP's thirteen-member executive committee with Holly Coors, Paul Weyrich, and Heritage Foundation president, Edwin Feulner until June 1989. Oliver North and Reed Larson also joined the executive committee. Recall that in order to be a CNP member, a biography/resume must be submitted by a CNP member and the executive must have a unanimous vote in order for an individual to be asked to be a member. CNP's Gary North writes of the formation years of the CNP including himself with Timothy LaHaye, Terry J. Jeffers and Terry Dolan, in the article Gary North on the CNP In the United States, WACL's first chairman was Roger Pearson, a white supremacist, eugenicist and neo-Nazi. Pearson was the editor of Willis Carto's anti-Semitic rag, Western Destiny, the forerunner of the Liberty Lobby's Spotlight tabloid. By the mid 1970s, Pearson served on the editorial boards of both the Heritage Foundation 15a and the American Security Council. Pearson, who has described himself as a "mainstream conservative," boasted to an associate about his alleged role in hiding Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, the "Angel of Death" who directed Nazi "medical experiments" at the Auschwitz extermination camp. With degrees in anthropology and economics, Pearson is the author several books on eugenics. His most "popular" are Eugenics and Race and Race and Civilization. He credits Professor Hans F. K. Gunther, a Nazi racial theoretician, as the inspiration behind the latter volume. Under Pearson's tutelage, WACL added Western European chapters that were drawn from the ranks of Nazi war criminals, Third Reich collaborators, neo-Nazis and right-wing terrorists. Western European affiliates included the racist British League of Rights and Italy's Italian Social Movement (MSI). Pino Rauti, the founder of the outlawed group, Ordine Nuovo was a key WACL Western European contact.... Rauti and countless other Italian fascists including the war criminal, June Valerio "Black Prince" Borghese, and key members of the Italian general staff, were "rehabilitated" Nazi collaborators recruited by the CIA into NATO's "stay behind" anti-communist terror network, also known as "Gladio."... 15b The National Congressional Club was Jesse Helms' PAC based in Raleigh and directed by Helms' senior advisor, attorney Tom Ellis. National Congressional Club, raised $9.8 million in the 1982 election cycle. In the 1984 cycle, the club raised $5.7 million while Helms campaign committee raised $13.99 million, 16 The Club dissolved in the 1990's, with many staffers absorbed into other campaigns. The Congressional Club began after the 1972 Senate campaign, when Ellis retained Richard Viguerie (CNP) to help pay off the Helms campaign debt. Ellis and Viguerie built the Congressional Club mailing list to more than 300,000 regular contributors -- a constituency for Helms and a major financial resource within the conservative movement... Besides Viguerie, Phillips [Howard Phillips], and Dolan [ John T. (Terry) Dolan] connections, Helms is actively represented in Weyrich's [Paul Weyrich] coordinating groups. 17. Footnotes 4-17

These extremely wealthy/right wing, religious zealots have taken over the republican party, the party of the military/intelligence community. They are waging war against islam in the name of christ. DeVos apparently is more visibly and obviously involved with Blackwater and is also a former head of CNP, along with Tim La Haye, Joseph Coors, Pat Robertson, Edwin Meese III, Alton Ochsner, Jr. and others like Nelson Bunker Hunt but the correct answer was indeed Thomas Ellis also from North Carolina where Blackwater is still headquartered. I am now thinking that Blackwater is just the mercenary military police force of The Council for National Policy. http://www.seekgod.ca is the best site on the CNP I think. When you look at all the JFK principals on the CNP membership list, you can not help but think that they were major contributors to the events before, during and after the hit. Here is a citation from a web site: Excerpt from "Exposing the Neocon Matrix" by Muada Shakur Blackwater USA mercenaries & AMWAY? Blackwater USA is a group of murder for hire mercenaries contracted out by the government who's services were also used in New Orleans against our people. Now hired for murder in Iraq. Blackwater founded and made up of former Navy SEALS and BATS (Bodyguard and Tactical Security) and Israeli security firms. Blackwater, based in Moyock, N.C., was founded by the son of a billionaire, Erik Prince at the age of 27 a former SEAL himself, his father was Edgar Prince who made his money in automotive products. Edgar prince was a financier of the Christian right-wing Council on National Policy, often described as secretive and dangerous, was its v.p. in 1988. They are self described as the Christian conservative answer to the Council on Foreign Relations. CNP was founded in 1981 by Tim LaHaye, they meet only 3 times a year and have approximately 500 members by invitation only. LaHaye also produces the “Left Behind” movie series. Recently exposed crook Tom Delay of the Republican party is a member. They are headquarterd in Virginia. Erik Prince’s sister Betsy married into the Devos family, co-founders of Amway, of whom Richard Devos was CNP executive committee board of governors. These are the real heads of the GOP who prefer not to be in the media and their agenda has been very successfully accomplished. Amway, itself a very cult like Christian based business, is a heavy financier of the GOP which stands for Grand Old Party. Amway gave 2.5 million to the GOP in 1994, the largest single donation to a party on record. Amway also made the second largest donation of $1,138,500 in 2000 being outdone this time by Reynolds Tobacco. Devos Sr. also donates out of pocket to the Bush administration. He and his wife Helen wrote two $500,000 checks from their personal accounts on April 2, 1997. Devos is former finance chairman for the Republican National Committee. Betsy Devos, Princes sister, raised $100,000 for the Bush/Chaney campaign in 2000. Dick and Betsy Devos treated the bigwigs of the 2004 Republican National convention in New York with a ride on their private yacht. (Detroit Free Press 9/2/04) Tom Ellis former CNP Pres. in 1982 once served as director of the Pioneer Fund which sought to prove Blacks were genetically inferior. Erik Prince continued his father’s philanthropy in the republican right-wing cause campaigning for Bucchannan in 1992 and interning for Daddy Bush at the White House. Excerpt from "Exposing the Neocon Matrix" by Muada Shakur

More Baltimore Bundists' and Nazi Connections to the JFK Assassination: Just follow this chain of events as we follow Norman B. Ream's associates and his investments after he died, as his money is parlayed from National Biscuit Company, into Guarsnty Trust and Morton (Salt) Trust Company and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad through Morton Salt which became the solid rocket fuel producer as Morton-Thiokol for both the Kennedy Space Center and for all of the NASA Space Shuttles guided by guidance systems built by Draper Labs at MIT, then on into the saga of Clendenin J. Ryan's grandfather Thomas Fortune Ryan and his son, Robert "Railroad" Ryan who started a Belgian diamond mining concern in South Africa that eventually smuggled industrial Diamonds For Hitler's Germany before and during World War II according to Edward Jay Epstein. Along the way Thomas Lamont of the J. P. Morgan banking concern, who laundered money for the Draper coup attempt against FDR, arranges a line of credit for Italy's Mussolini to allow him to take over the country. Lamont donated money to fund Lamont Library at Harvard where I spent many a long night poring through my papers and assignments. Ryan's mining firm was called: Société Internationale Forestière et Minière du Congo (International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo, aka "Forminière"). Thomas F. Ryan and the Dukes of Tobacco fame later held "The Tobacco Summit" during World War I to split up the profits from tobacco manufacturing. Brady started as a Baltimore dry goods commission firm. Remember that it was Clendenin J. Ryan who funded Uliuss Amoss, Carleton S. Coon, Ray Cline and Harold Chait in their ManCand and PsyOps warfare operations in Baltimore and he funded William F. Buckley, Jr. with his creation of YAF in Connecticut. When Clendenin Ryan decided to leave this world of his own volition there were many more right wing moneybags to take his place. So in one little string of transactions you have Norman B. Ream who financed several pro-Nazi White Russian immigrants, Thomas Lamont, the Mussolini investment banker, Thomas Ryan, Hitler's diamond merchant and Clendenin J. Ryan and Charles Edison the guys who financed both Amoss' and Coon's anti-Communist (pro-Nazi?) activities and the efforts of William F. Buckley, Jr., Timothy Gratz, Doug Caddy and others during the creation of YAF in Sharon, Connecticut. Norman B. Ream (would have been Vonsiatsky's Father in law had he lived) Norman Bruce Ream (1844-1915) was born in Pennsylvania and briefly returned there after serving in the Civil War. In 1866 he moved to Princeton, Ill. and then to Osceola, Iowa. In 1871, he went to Chicago and became a live stock and grain commission merchant. "The real foundation of his fortune is said to have been laid in the famous Armour pork corner of 1879. The Armour crowd began buying pork at $6 and $7 a barrel, and when the climax came it controlled nearly all the pork in the world, which it closed out for $10 a barrel. Mr. Ream acted as one of the Armour brokers in this operation, and his share of the profits was large." He invested in Pullman and bank stocks, and became a friend of Marshall Field (the largest stockholder in the Pullman Co.), George M. Pullman, and E.H. Gary. He joined the New York Stock Exchange in 1885, and speculated along with John Cudahy, Nathaniel Jones, and Charles Singer. He was a director of trustee of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Equitable Life Assurance Society, Erie Railroad, Fidelity-Phenix Fire Insurance Co., First National Bank of Chicago, Metropolitan Trust Company of New York, National Biscuit Company, the Pullman Company, the United States Steel Corporation, and other companies. (Norman Ream, Capitalist, Dead. New York Times, Feb. 10, 1915.) Marshall Field, James J. Hill, Philip Armour and others were in a syndicate that acquired an important interest in the B&O Railroad in 1899. (Baltimore and Ohio Plans. New York Times, Jan. 14, 1899.) Ream was a director of the Corn Products company, along with Morton Salt founder Joy Morton and C.H. and E.A. Matthiessen. (Corn Products Company Officials. New York Times, Mar. 6, 1902.) Ream was a director of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, along with T.H. Hubbard and Joy Morton. (Alton's control complete. New York Times, Oct. 3, 1907.) Norman Ream, Robert T. Lincoln, J.S. Runnells, and T.B. Blackstone were honorary pallbearers at the funeral of George M. Pullman of the Pullman Palace Car Company, and W.A. Angell was an active pallbearer. (Funeral of G.M. Pullman. Oct. 24, 1897.) Ream and Lincoln were the executors of Pullman's will, for which they received $425,000, and William A. Angell received a bequest of $10,000. (George M. Pullman's Will. New York Times, Oct. 28, 1897; Executors Get $425,000 Fee. New York Times, Jan. 6, 1900.) William Angell was Purchasing Agent for the company in 1897. Another Angell, Charles, had been Secretary of the Pullman Company since its formation in 1867. In 1878, he absconded with $120,000. "He was born in Rhode Island, and has been in the employ of the Pullman Palace Car Company for 14 years. About four years ago he was married to a most estimable lady, the daughter of A.C. Badger, of this city [Chicago], by whom he had two children, one of whom is living. His wife died some time ago and this seemed to have changed his manner of living considerably. After the death of his wife he became acquainted with a young lady at Kenosha, the daughter of A.B. Smith. To her he became attached, and last April asked her to become his wife, which she refused to do, and this, it is said, caused him to lead a life of dissipation. He left Chicago on the 24th of July last. About five days before that he claimed to have taken down with illness, and in the interim he called to his bedside a girl named Sadie, an inmate of Carrie Watson's establishment, one of the most notorious houses of ill fame in Chicago. She spent three days and nights with him, unknown to the clerks or proprietor of the house." (A Startling Defalcation. New York Times, Aug. 18, 1878 p. 1.) Several months later, he was captured in Portugal with $80,000 of the loot, which was in his name in the Bank of Portugal. He was returned via diplomatic channels, pled guilty, and sentenced to ten years at Joliet. (Angell, the Defaulter, Sentenced. New York Times, Feb. 28, 1879.) In 1909, a Charles Angell, age 73, died in New York, whose obituary stated that he was a brother of James B. Angell, President of the University of Michigan. (New York Times, Mar. 29, 1909 p. 7.) Way back in 1864, George M. Pullman of Chicago and William G. Angell of Providence, R.I., had been trustees of the Briggs Gold Company of Gilpin County, Col. (Display Ad. New York Times, Apr. 21, 1864 p. 10.) James B. Angell had a brother, William, of Chicago, who was with him when he died. Pullman Company Archives / The Newberry Library (pdf, 808 pp) Daniel G. Reid Daniel G. Reid was a director of the Guaranty Trust from 1905 until at least 1917, when he was re-elected to a three year term. He was a vice president of the Liberty National Bank from at least 1903 to 1915, and a director of the Bankers Trust Company from at least 1903 to 1924. In 1916, he attended a dinner by Thomas F. Ryan which was a veritable summmit meeting of American Tobacco and the Guaranty Trust. James Speyer James Speyer had been Collis P. Huntington's banker for 30 years. He was a trustee of the Mutual Life Insurance Company from 1898 to 1906; a director of the Guaranty Trust 1905-1907, and a trustee of the Central Trust from 1908 to at least 1910. He was one of the organizers of the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913, and was a trustee of Mount Sinai Hospital. Purge of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, 1905: The public fuss created by the Armstrong insurance investigation spared the crooked insiders, while scaring the others off the board. The Guaranty Trust and the Mutual Life Guaranty Trust Company of New York, 1906 Directors: George F. Baker, George S. Bowdoin, John W. Castles, Frederic Cromwell, Walter R. Gillette, E.H. Harriman, G.G. Haven, Edwin Hawley, Charles R. Henderson, Adrian Iselin Jr., James N. Jarvie, Augustus D. Juilliard, Levi P. Morton, Oscar G. Murray, Norman B. Ream, Daniel G. Reid, Henry H. Rogers, James Speyer, H. McK. Twombly, Harry Payne Whitney. John W. Castles, President; Oscar L. Gubelman, and Alexander J. Hemphill, Vice Presidents; Max May, Manager Foreign Department; William C. Edwards, Treasurer; E.C. Hebbard, Secretary; F.C. Harriman, Assistant Tresurer; R.C. Newton, Trust Officer. (Display Ad 17. New York Times, Jan. 7, 1906 p. AFR23.) Adrian Iselin Jr. became a trustee of the Central Trust from at least 1908 to 1929. Morton Trust Company In 1899, the Morton Trust Company was created to take over the business of Morton, Bliss & Co. Levi P. Morton, President; E.J. Berwind, Vice President; J.K. Corbiere, 2d Vice President; W.R. Cross, Secretary. Directors: James W. Alexander, John Jacob Astor, George F. Baker, Edward J. Berwind, Frederic Cromwell, Henry M. Flagler, G.G. Haven, Jos. C. Hendrix, Abram S. Hewitt, James N. Jarvie, Augustus D. Juilliard, Joseph Larocque, D.O. Mills, Levi P. Morton, R.A. McCurdy, W.G. Oakman, John Sloane, William C. Whitney, A. Wolff. (Display Ad 15. New York Times, Oct. 2, 1899 p. 8.) James B. Duke, Daniel Guggenheim and Samuel Rea were on the board in 1906. (Display Ad 19. New York Times, Jan. 3, 1906 p. 13.) William Redmond Cross, S&B 1896, was the father of William R. Cross Jr., S&B 1941, of the Morgan Guaranty Trust, and grandfather of Alan W. Cross M.D., S&B 1966. "The [Guaranty Trust] company operates under an usually broad and liberal charter, dating back to 1864, but has been doing business under its present form since 1891, when it was reorganized... The business of the company is constituted under five different departments, each one almost an institution in itself.... The Banking Department, under the immediate supervision of Mr. William C. Edwards, treasurer, exercises all the functions and affords all the facilities of a general commercial bank..." The Foreign Exchange Department, headed by Max May in New York, with R.C. Wyse in London, "is really a bank in itself." Vice Presidents Alexander J. Hemphill and George Garr Henry supervised the Bond Department, along with R.W. Speir. "The Trust Department, in charge of Mr. R.C. Newton, Trust Officer, acts as trustee of corporate mortgages, as executor, trustee, or guardian for estates or individuals and is in fact equipped to act in almost any fiduciary capacity." E.C. Hebbard was in charge of the Registry and Transfer Department. (Modern Financial Institutions and Their Equipment. Bankers Magazine, Apr. 1907;74(4):613.) Guaranty Trust Company of New York, 1911-12 (after merger with Morton Trust) Directors: Levi P. Morton, Chairman; Charles H. Allen, George F. Baker, Edward J. Berwind, Urban H. Broughton, Edmund C. Converse, T. De Witt Cuyler, Henry P. Davison, James B. Duke, Robert W. Goelet, Daniel Guggenheim, Edwin Hawley, Alexander J. Hemphill, Walter S. Johnston, Augustus D. Juilliard, Thomas W. Lamont, Edgar L. Marston, John R. Morron, Gates W. McGarrah, Charles A. Peabody, William H. Porter, Samuel Rea, Daniel G. Reid, Thomas F. Ryan, Charles H. Sabin, William D. Sloane, Valentine P. Snyder, Harry Payne Whitney, and Albert H. Wiggin. (New York Times, Mar. 9, 1911, p. 13.) Allen, Duke, Ryan, Snyder, and Whitney were from the Morton Trust. Baker, Juilliard and Morton were directors of both. Broughton left the board in 1912, and George J. Gould and William K. Vanderbilt Jr. joined it. (Display Ad 19. New York Times, Oct. 18, 1912 p. 15.) In 1912, the Guaranty Trust expanded into a new building at Broadway and Liberty Street. The $150,000 vault in the basement and sub-basement was 26 by 36 feet and 23 feet high, the second largest in the world after the Carnegie Trust Company's vault. It was guarded with 27,000 burglar alarm wires, and was 28 inches thick, armored on the outside with 700 steel railway rails on end, filled with concrete. The door was 36 inches thick and weighed 40 tons, and required 22 horses to transport it. Some paving stones on South Street reportedly sank several inches from its weight. (Forty-Ton Door For Vault. New York Times, Sep. 7, 1912.) After the break up of the American Tobacco Company, its Six Percent Gold Bonds, issued in 1904, were deposited at the Guaranty Trust. The Committee was Alexander J. Hemphill, Chairman; T. DeWitt Cuyler, Howland Davis, J. Horace Harding, and Albert H. Wiggin; Lewis B. Franklin Secretary, and Morgan J. O'Brien, Counsel. The Four Percent Gold Bonds, issued in 1901, went to the Guaranty Trust as its successor. The Committee was Charles H. Sabin, Chairman; Philip Lehman, J.R. McAllister, Samuel McRoberts, and Samuel Sloan; F.J.H. Sutton, Secretary, and Joseph H. Choate, of Evarts, Choate & Sherman, Counsel. The Preferred Stock was deposited with the Central Trust. (Display Ad 17. New York Times, Aug. 2, 1911 p. 11.) As of Dec. 31, 1911, the American Tobacco Company had $26,750,742.63 in cash accounts, including $6,737,506.69 at the Guaranty Trust Co., $4,349,521.51 at the Farmers Loan & Trust Co., $3,326,049.64 at the Central Trust Co., $2,500,000.00 at J.P. Morgan & Co., and $2,303,628.00 at the National City Bank, and amounts between one and two million dollars at the Chase National Bank, the National Shawmut Bank, the National Bank of Commerce, and the Fourth Street National Bank; and lesser amounts at other banks. (Fiscal Statements, The American Tobacco Co., Dec. 31, 1911.) ATC Fiscal Statements, Dec. 31, 1911 / tobacco document Edward J. Berwind Edward Julius Berwind (~1848-1936) was a director of the Guaranty Trust from 1911 to 1933. He was Chairman of the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company: "So great were his holdings in this field that he was reputed to be the largest individual owner of coal properties in the United States. The Berwind-White Company, of which he was also president at one time, for many years practically controlled the steamship bunker business in New York and Philadelphia harbors. In addition, his company supplied much coal to the United States Navy and exported it to the West Indies, South America and Europe." He served in the Navy from 1865-75, then left on physical disability. He founded Berwind, White & Co. with one of his brothers and Judge Allison White, which was dissolved in 1886 then incorporated as Berwind-White. "At his death he was an officer or director in the Berwind-White Coal Mining Company and its affiliated or subsidiary organizations; the Atcheson, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad; the Cuba Company, Consolidated Railroads of Cuba, Cuba Railroad Company, Compaña Cuba, International Products Corporation and the Northern Insurance Company. Until recently he had been an officer or director of the International Telephone and Telegraph Company, in which he was also the second largest shareholder among officers and directors; the Interboro Rapid Transit Company, Postal Telegraph and Cable Company, the United States Realty and Improvement Company, Guaranty Trust Company, Mutual Life Insurance Company, Girard Trust Company of Philadelphia, and the North British Mercantile and Insurance Company." (E.J. Berwind Dies; Coal Operator, 88. New York Times, Aug. 19, 1936.) In 1917, the Senate Committee on Manufactures investigated the "coal shortage throughout the land," both bituminous and anthracite. Rep. McFadden of Pennsylvania blamed the Fuel Administration for setting prices so low that small operators were forced to shut down. (Shortage of Coal. Boston Daily Globe, Dec. 16, 1917.) Edward J. Berwind's sister and a nephew, Guaranty Trust director Charles E. Dunlap, were the principal legatees of his estate. (E.J. Berwind Left $31,422,853 Estate. New York Times, Jul. 10, 1942.) His niece, Margaret E. Dunlap, Charles E. Dunlap's sister, married Sosthenes Behn in 1921. (Miss Dunlap Weds Col. Sosthenes Behn. New York Times, Jun. 1, 1921.) E.J. Berwind's brother, John E. Berwind, was intersted in the development of Porto Rico, as it was then called. His largest bond holding was $908,000 in the San Juam Hotels Corporation, valued at $454,000. His most valuable securities other than more than $2.2 million in Berwind-White stock included the Wilmore Coal Co. $150,850; the Wilmore S.S. Company, $930,520; International Telephone & Telegraph, $818,901; National Biscuit common $574,000; Pennsylvania Railroad $367,500; and South Porto Rico Sugar preferred $162,400. (J.E. Berwind Left $12,033,469 Estate. New York Times, Jan. 18, 1930.).He gave $2,000 to the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1927. James B. Duke James B. Duke was president of the American Tobacco Company, and Thomas F. Ryan, who was William C. Whitney's partner, was a director. He was a director of the Morton Trust when it was acquired by the Guaranty Trust in 1910, and left the board sometime between 1917 and 1922. Representation of Duke interests continued through Caleb C. Dula and George G. Allen. Charles A. Peabody Charles A. Peabody (1849-1931) was President of the Mutual Life Insurance Company from 1906 until retiring in 1927. He was a trustee of the estate of the first John Jacob Astor, and director of the Farmers Loan and Trust Company since at least 1900. After graduating from Columbia University and Columbia Law School, he joined his father's law firm, Peabody, Baker and Peabody. Partner Fisher Ames Baker was counsel to the First National Bank and the uncle of its President, George Fisher Baker. Peabody was trustee of the estate of the first John Jacob Astor since 1893, and was associated with William Waldorf Astor and represented him in this country. "It was said at the time Mr. Peabody left law for insurance, that the change was, at least in part, due to the influence of the elder Baker in the councils of the Mutual." He was a director of the Guaranty Trust Company from 1911-26, and his granddaughter, Anita Peabody Hadden, married Arthur W. Page Jr, whose brother Walter H. Page became chairman of the Morgan Guaranty Trust. Thomas W. Lamont Thomas William Lamont (1870-1948) was founding Secretary and Treasurer of the Bankers Trust Company of New York in 1903, and a director since at least 1905 until 1910, when he was a vice president of the First National Bank. He was a partner of J.P. Morgan & Co. 1910-1948, and a director of the Guaranty Trust from 1911 to 1940. He was an Overseer of Harvard University 1919-1925, during the period that its School of Public Health was being established. He was a founding layman of the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1913, and headed its General Committee in 1926, when John D. Rockefeller Jr. funded its health fascist congress at Lake Mohonk, and sponsored a luncheon for its endowment fund in 1927. (To Fight Cancer. Boston Daily Globe, May 23, 1913; Rockefeller Aids Cancer Study Fund. New York Times, May 3, 1926; Anti-Cancer Fund Goes to $338,515. New York Times, Jun. 19, 1926.) Mussolini's private physician spoke at the Lake Mohonk congress. (Leacock Denounces Quacks. New York Times, Sep 25, 1926.) "John P. Diggins, in Mussolini and Fascism: The View from America, has noted in regard to Thomas Lamont of Guaranty Trust that 'Of all American business leaders, the one who most vigorously patronized the cause of Fascism was Thomas W. Lamont. Head of the powerful J.P. Morgan banking network, Lamont served as something of a business consultant for the government of Fascist Italy.' Lamont secured a $100 million loan for Mussolini in 1926 at a particularly crucial time for the Italian dictator." (Chapter 11, The Alliance of Bankers and Revolution. Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, by Antony C. Sutton.) Morton International Inc. Morton Thiokol. By Diana J. Kleiner. Handbook of Texas Online. Morton Thiokol / Handbook of Texas Online Morton Salt was founded in 1902 by brothers Joy and Mark Morton. (Mark Morton, 92, led salt concern. New York Times, Jun. 26, 1951.) Joy Morton was vice president and a director of Corn Products, along with C.H. and E.A. Matthiessen and Norman B. Ream, who became a director of the Guaranty Trust in 1905. (Corn Products Company Officials. New York Times, Mar. 6, 1902.) Joy Morton was a director of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, along with Ream and T.H. Hubbard. (Alton's control complete. New York Times, Oct. 3, 1907.) Paul and Joy Morton and others were sued for stock manipulation of Indiana, Illinois & Iowa Railroad stock by attorneys for the estate of John S. Cooper. (Attack Shonts and Morton. New York Times, Feb. 10, 1910.) Joy Morton financed the Morkrum Printer, the forerunner of the Teletype, which replaced Morse code operators (Newspapers adopt Morkrum Printers. New York Times, Mar. 19, 1915.) His son, Sterling Morton, was a director and chairman of the board of Morton, and was also president of the Teletype Corporation until 1930, when he and his wife sold their stock to AT&T. (Sterling Morton of salt firm, 75. New York Times, Feb. 25, 1961.) Their brother, Paul Morton, was president of the Mutual Life from 1905 until his death in 1911, and his daughters, Pauline and Caroline Morton, were married to Charles H. Sabin and William C. Potter, the presidents/chairmen of the Guaranty Trust. Mark Morton's daughter, Helen, was secretly married to Roger Bayly at Col. George Fabyan's home; three weeks later she was declared deranged on the petition of her husband, Fabyan, and Joy and Mark Morton. One of the questions she was asked was, "Do you smoke many cigarettes?" (Helen Morton held mentally unfit. New York Times, Jul. 7, 1914.) In 1965, Morton International merged with Norwich Pharmacal, and became Morton-Norwich Products, Inc. Morton-Norwich attempted to market "Bonded Carbon Plugs" as cigarette filters to the American Tobacco Company. June 18, 1970 / tobacco document July 27, 1970 (agreement) / tobacco document Nov. 4, 1970 "Morton Norwich Bonded Tobacco Plugs" / tobacco document John W. Simmons, the President and CEO of Morton-Norwich Products Inc., was a Trustee of Ernst L. Wynder's American Health Foundation between August 1974 and April 1981. Loew's Theatres, Inc. owned a sizable number of shares of Morton-Norwich Products in 1976. Loew's Theatres 1976 Form 10-K / tobacco document In 1982, Morton International merged with the Thiokol Corporation, developers of rocket fuel and automotive airbags, and also acquired Philip Morris' chemical division. Meanwhile, Procter & Gamble acquired the Norwich Eaton pharmaceutical business from Morton Norwich, including Pepto-Bismol, Cloraseptic, and Norwich aspirin. In 1996, Morton's airbag business was spun off to Autoliv of Sweden, and in 1999 Morton was acquired by Rohm & Haas of Philadelphia. Nearly all of the directors of the company since 1989 have ties to the Illinois Interlock: Ralph M. Barford, a director of the Bank of Montreal; James R. Cantalupo, also a director of McDonald's Corp.; W. James Farrell, chairman, CEO and director of Illinois Tool Works; Richard L. Keyser, chairman, CEO and director of WW Grainger; Frank W. Luerssen, former chairman and CEO of Inland Steel; Edward J. Mooney, a director of Northern Trust; George A. Schaefer, also a director of Aon Corp.; S. Jay Stewart, also a director of Household International; Roger W. Stone, chairman, president and CEO of Stone Container, and also a director of McDonald's Corp.; Raymond C. Tower, also a director of Household International and Inland Steel. And William T. Creson was the former president, CEO and chairman of Crown Zellerbach - James D. Zellerbach was a crony of Paul Hoffman. Charles A. Sanders was a director from 1989 to 1995. Thomas F. Ryan Thomas Fortune Ryan (1851-1928) was born in Virginia, and worked in a Baltimore dry goods commission firm until his employer and father-in-law, John J. Barry, retired. In 1870, he came to New York and was employed as a clerk in a Wall Street brokerage firm. In 1874, he became a member of the Stock Exchange. "Early in that decade he formed the partnership which was to play so great a part in his life and in the financial history of the next thirty years. He became acquainted with William Collins Whitney, then a power in Wall Street, and the older man early realized the genius of young Ryan, gradually entrusting him with more and more important work, and finally forming an equal partnership which lasted until Whitney's death. Two other figures played a prominent part in the career of Mr. Ryan. They are Elihu Root and Paul D. Cravath, the lawyers who handled the intricte legal affairs which his many transactions involved." In 1885, he gave up his brokerage business and began the reoganization of street railways with Whitney, Anthony N. Brady, and John Dolan. In 1886, this group united with the Philadelphia syndicate of P.A.B. Widener and William L. Elkins. In the early 1890s he formed the Union Tobacco Company, which acquired the Blackwell-Bull Durham Company and later Liggett & Myers. "Gradually the syndicate absorbed other competing concerns, and by 1901 represent 80 percent of the United States trade. In that year Mr. Ryan, who had been the dominant power throughout, formed a syndicate under the New Jersey laws known as the Consolidated Tobacco Company, which controlled practically all the common stock of the American Tobacco Company, the name of the syndicate into which all the earlier companies had merged." In 1902, the group obtained control of a British firm, Ogden's Ltd., and attempted to expand into England. A British firm, the Imperial Tobacco Company, headed by Sir Charles Willis, attempted to expand into the U.S. They negotiated an agreement that gave American an unrestricted field in the U.S. and its possessions, plus Cuba and Canada, and a two-thirds interest in the British-American Company, which handled markets outside the U.S. and British interests.In 1905, he settled the feuding at the Equitable Life Insurance Co. by purchasing the controlling interest from James Hazen Hyde. The transaction took place in the offices of the Morton Trust, which Ryan controlled, with lawyers Elihu Root and Samuel Untermyer participating. The Equitable's stock was placed in the hands of three trustees, who were former President Grover Cleveland, Justice Morgan J. O'Brien, and George Westinghouse; and former Navy Secretary Paul Morton [whose sons-in-law, Charles H. Sabin and William C. Potter, were subsequently presidents of the Guaranty Trust after its merger with the Morton Trust], was made president. (How Ryan Rose In Wall Street. New York Times, Nov. 24, 1928.) Robert Livingston Cutting Jr., an uncle of ASCC benefactor R. Fulton Cutting, was another of Ryan's early business partners. (Copartnership Notices. New-York Times, Apr. 4, 1882 p. 7.) Thomas F. Ryan was a founder of the Société Internationale Forestière et Minière du Congo (International Forestry and Mining Company of the Congo, aka "Forminière"), created to develop the mining fields. Economic writer Isaac F. Marcosson said that the King had made the deal with them because he wanted the process for extracting rubber from the guayule shrub, which was held by the International Rubber Company, a Ryan-Guggenheim-Rockefeller concern. The Crown of Belgium received half the shares of Forminière; the other half was divided between the King and the Société Générale, a semi-governmental bank of Belgium; and Thomas F. Ryan. "Later Mr. Ryan admitted Daniel Guggenheim, Harry Payne Whitney, John Hays Hammond, and Senator [Nelson W.] Aldrich (Rockefeller) as associates in the enterprise." The directors of the American Congo Company were William H. Page of Page, Crawford & Tuska, attorneys for the Continental Rubber Co.; A. Chester Beatty a of the Guggenheim staff of mining engineers; and J.G. Whitley, Consul General of the Congo Free State to the U.S. The Independence Belge named Thomas F. Ryan, Edward B. Aldrich, the two Guggenheims, Harry Payne Whitney, John D. Rockefeller Jr., and Bernard M. Baruch as chief stockholders. (Details of the Ryan Congo Concesions. New York Times, Dec. 14, 1906; Ryan Was A Partner of King Leopold II. New York Times, Nov. 24, 1928.) The 1916 Tobacco Summit In 1916, Ryan gave a dinner at his Fifth Avenue home: "His guests included United States Senator Oscar W. Underwood [D-Ala.], Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, Francis L. Stetson, Henry Clay Frick, Frank S. Witherbee, Charles Schwab, James B. Duke, Morgan J. O'Brien, Alexander J. Hemphill, C.C. Dula, John B. Dennis, Justice Francis K. Pendleton, John D. Archbold, Theodore P. Shonts, John D. Ryan, Daniel Guggenheim. J. Sargeant Cram, R.A.C. Smith, Francis L. Hine, Bernard M. Baruch, Charles B. Alexander, Henry Clews, Fairfax Landstreet, W.W. Fuller, Paul D. Cravath, Daniel G. Reid, James S. Alexander, Junius Parker, Percival S. Hill, De Lancey Nicoll, August D. Juilliard, William C. Potter, John D. Prince, Hugo Cunliffe-Owen, and Valentine P. Snyder." (Thomas F. Ryan Is Host. New York Times, Feb. 18, 1916.) Cravath was T.F. Ryan's attorney, Duke and Cunliffe-Owen were executives of British-American Tobacco, and Hill was president of the American Tobacco Company, for which Nicoll was an attorney and Parker was a large stockholder. Frick, Hine, J.D. Ryan, and Reid were associated with the Tobacco Products Corporation, a predecessor of Philip Morris; J.D. Ryan, Reid, Stetson, Hemphill, Guggenheim, Juilliard, Potter and Snyder with the Guaranty Trust, and Dula was President of Liggett & Myers Tobacco and a director of the Guaranty Trust. Butler was the President of Columbia University, where Prince was a professor. In 1909, the school received $2,250,000, from the will of John Stewart Kennedy, and members of Butler's family got bequests as well. (How They'll Spend Kennedy Millions. New York Times, Nov. 7, 1909.) Union Tobacco - Delaware G.J. Whelan and the Schulte cigar store interests incorporated Union Tobacco in Delaware, as a subsidiary of the Union and United Tobacco Company. Whelan and Ryan were the largest stockholders. (Union Tobacco Co. Formed. New York Times, Jul. 16, 1927; T.F. Ryan in Union Tobacco. New York Times, Aug. 2, 1927.) In 1929, the Union Tobacco Company, which had leased the right to manufacture several brands from the American Tobacco Company, voted to surrender the lease and continue as strictly a stock holding company. It held 98 shares of Philip Morris Consolidated Class A, $1,775; 1,895 shares of Philip Morris Consolidated common, $9,742; 32,300 shares of Philip Morris & Co. Ltd., $628,832; 61,100 shares of Tobacco Products Corporation Class A stock, $1,381,341; 372,200 shares of Tobacco Products Corporation common, $7,568,247; 75,000 shares of Union Cigar Co., $382,275; and 300 shares of United Cigar Stores common, $8,338, along with stock in North American Match Co. and Lion Match Co. Jesse R. Taylor was the president. (Union Tobacco Quits Commodity Trade. New York Times, Dec. 29, 1929.) Ryan's first wife, Ida, was a major benefector of Catholic charities and was made a Countess of the Holy Roman Empire in 1907. The $200,000 she left to be divided among her sons was held at the Central Union Trust until their 30th birthdays. (Final Accounting on Ryan Estate. New York Times, Dec. 23, 1920.) His second wife was the sister of DeLancey Nicoll, attorney for the American Tobacco Company in 1910, and her second husband, the late Cornelius C. Cuyler, was T. DeWitt Cuyler's brother. (Thos. Fortune Ryan Weds Mrs. Cuyler. New York Times, Oct. 30, 1917.) Ryan's son, Allan, was indignant that his father had remarried only twelve days after his mother died, and they were still not on speaking terms when his father died. In 1920, Allan A. Ryan obtained a corner on Stutz Motors, was expelled from the Stock Exchange, and went bankrupt. In 1943, an investigation by the O.S.S. determined that the Forminiere mines were the primary source of industrial diamonds which were being smuggled to the Third Reich. The investigator discovered "'that a full year's supply of diamonds had reached Germany from Forminiere through Red Cross parcels.' The shipment of several million carats of diamonds through the parcels that were regularly sent from the Congo to Nazi-occupied Belgium required considerable organization and support in the intervening areas.... With the end of the war in 1945, the OSS was dissolved, and the question of 'dealing with the enemy' was never resolved." (Chapter 9, Diamonds For Hitler. In: The Diamond Invention, by Edward Jay Epstein.) The author blames the De Beers cartel and its "Jewish Connection." Ch. 9, Diamonds for Hitler / Edward Jay Epstein.com The strategic importance of diamonds became acutely clear to both the Allies and Axis powers with the approach of the Second World War in 1939. Only diamonds were hard enough to stamp out the millions of precision parts that were necessary for mass-producing airplane engines, torpedoes, tanks, artillery and the other weapons of war. Only diamonds could be used to draw the fine wire needed for radar and the electronics of war. Only diamonds could provide the jeweled bearings necessary for the stabilizers, gyroscopes and guidance systems for submarines and planes. Only diamonds could provide the abrasives necessary for rapidly converting civilian industries into a war machine. Without a continuing supply of diamonds, the war machine would rapidly slow to a halt. Yet, nearly all the diamond mines remained closed, and De Beers controlled the world supply of diamonds. Obtaining these industrial diamonds thus became a paramount objective for both the United States and Hitler's Germany. In Washington, D.C., the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt began to hold emergency meetings about diamonds in 1940 when Hitler's armies swept across Europe in a blitzkrieg and threatened to invade England. The possibility had to be at least considered that England, like France, might be overrun or surrender. In that event, the world diamond stockpile would fall into Hitler's hands. Since the United States had less than one year's supply of industrial diamonds, the loss of De Beers' stockpile would make it difficult, if not impossible, to continue the war. The economic planners for the war estimated that the United ,States needed at least 6.5 million carats of industrial diamonds to convert its factories to war production. When apprized of this critical shortage in diamonds, President Roosevelt ordered the War Production Board, which had the responsibility for mobilizing the American economy for war, to buy the necessary 6.5 million carats from De Beers. De Beers, however, had other interests to consider. Its entire system for monopolizing diamonds depended on its controlling the available stockpile. Transferring a large portion of the stockpile from London to New York City, where it would be out of its control, ran counter to the De Beers logic. Even though the Americans persisted in the negotiations for the diamonds, they found that Sir Ernest Oppenheimer personally opposed any transfer of diamonds to the United States. He argued that if the United States had its own stockpile, and the war suddenly ended, it might release the diamonds and undercut the entire world order that he had so laboriously constructed. Moreover, he held that the United States had sufficient diamonds for present needs, and that De Beers would continue its delivery of diamonds to American manufacturers on a monthly basis. In one letter, he characterized the American demand for a stockpile as "farcical." The Americans were dismayed by this intransigence. In an official Justice Department memorandum, the War Production Board expressed incredulity at the fact that "the leaders of the syndicate are intentionally risking the war production of the allies." President Roosevelt, disturbed by this development, ordered the State Department to intervene directly with Winston Churchill's war cabinet in London. The State Department found, however, that the British government was reluctant to press De Beers to part with the diamonds. An investigation by U.S. intelligence indicated that the division of the British government responsible for acting on the request was entirely staffed by former executives of the De Beers "syndicate." In a secret memorandum, the War Production Board noted, "The diamond section of the government and the syndicate seem to be the same."* After the Roosevelt administration had made continuing efforts to persuade the British government that the diamonds were of critical importance to the United States war effort, it ordered the State Department to play its trump card and threaten that the United States would interrupt the supply f airplanes that was vitally needed by the British to defend themselves against the Luftwaffe bombing raids. According to a confidential report in this Justice Department archive, dated April 16, 1942, "It was said unofficially that we would not give planes to England if the syndicate would not sell us the diamonds with which to make them." This dramatic threat had the desired effect. The British government pressed De Beers to accommodate President Roosevelt, and De Beers yielded. Oppenheimer agreed to supply the United States immediately with one million carats--14 percent of the American request---and deposit an additional stockpile in Canada for the duration of the war. This Canadian stockpile, which would remain under De Beers control, was meant to mitigate the American concern over the possible capture of the London stockpile. The Roosevelt administration was not entirely satisfied with this compromise. It continued to apply pressure to the British government, demanding that De Beers supply the additional 5.5 million carats. By this time, the air of crisis had passed, and De Beers was able to procrastinate successfully. At first, it claimed that it did not have enough diamonds in its vaults to supply this amount. Then, after U.S. intelligence debunked this claim, De Beers advised that its vaults were bombed shut" in an air raid on London. A year passed. Then De Beers asserted that it needed additional time to prepare an inventory of the diamonds it had available. By this time, American officials feared that De Beers, despite the pressure exerted on it, had no intention of allowing a diamond stockpile of any magnitude to be established, even in Canada. Moreover, manufacturers of. diamond tools in the United States had begun complaining to the Office of Price Control that De Beers had effectively raised its prices as much as 60 percent through the device of reducing the quality of the diamonds it delivered. So, though the official price per carat remained the same, manufacturers had to buy more of the lower quality diamonds to build the tools and dies for industry. Since it was exceedingly difficult for the price control officials to measure the relative quality of industrial diamonds, De Beers was able to persist in its claim that it had not raised prices. In any case, the Justice Department concluded that the De Beers monopoly, by manipulating supplies from the stockpile, could impede the war effort. The Justice Department decided then to launch its own investigation into the diamond monopoly. It had the full cooperation of the War Production Board, which still wanted control of the diamond stockpile, and the OSS, the newly created U.S. wartime intelligence service. The Investigators were not held back by any inhibitions about intercepting mail, borrowing bank records or other such extralegal measures. They all shared a common objective: helping the war effort. In their roughshod manner, they soon began turning up bits of evidence indicating that De Beers had systematically stifled diamond mining in areas of the world over which it could not exert control. For example, intercepted letters from Oppenheimer's associates suggested that litigation had been initiated in Venezuela to prevent Nelson Rockefeller and other Americans from developing diamond mines in that country. One such letter detailed the possibility of competition in Venezuela, and asked an intermediary to suggest to Oppenheimer that he be "ruthless in stamping it out." Another intercepted letter from a Belgian diamond executive suggested that De Beers was intentionally exhausting the diamond mines in the Belgian Congo, while preserving its mines in South Africa, so that after the war was over De Beers "will have complete control over the market.." Justice Department investigators also looked into charges that De Beers had conspired to buy out and shut down potential diamond mining areas in the country of Guyana and the state of Arkansas. In Arkansas, it was charged that after diamonds were found there, Oppenheimer bought control of the company that was to mine the diamonds. Then, when the separation plant built on the site failed to produce a sufficient quantity of diamonds per ton of ore to make the mine profitable, it was closed. Subsequently, it was charged that the separation plant had been designed by the engineer in such a manner that it could not possibly retrieve diamonds. It emerged that the engineer was in the employ of De Beers. The mine, which was bought out by associates of Ernest Oppenheimer, was ordered closed in 1921 after Oppenheimer met the mine officials in New York, and the mine's records were ordered destroyed. "An inference could be drawn . . . "the Justice Department memorandum noted, "that the property was sabotaged and then closed at the insistence of Sir Ernest Oppenheimer." The evidence was admittedly highly circumstantial. Whatever were the specific tactics of De Beers, the justice Department investigators reached the conclusion that the singular effect of these efforts was to artificially restrain the production of diamonds. This, in turn, produced higher prices. A 1944 memorandum to the attorney general concluded, "The United States is paying monopoly prices for an essential material needed in wartime production." If De Beers were an American company, the memorandum continued, "There would be no question as to [its] having violated the anti-trust laws." Since De Beers was a South African corporation, the Justice Department had to demonstrate that it had some jurisdiction over its activities before it could consider prosecuting it. The FBI was called in to interview the leading diamond dealers in New York to determine whether De Beers, which sold them diamonds, could be construed as transacting business in the United States. The FBI reported, "The domestic trade operates in relative secrecy.... The syndicate will sell only to a small group of hand-picked dealers." It further noted that De Beers officials avoided coming to the United States, and all transactions took place in London. Further inquiry showed that De Beers had closed all its bank accounts in the United States at the outset of the investigation. The assistant attorney generals at the Justice Department who had superintended the investigation realized that the antitrust division had little chance of ever bringing De Beers to court in the United States. Despite all the prodigious investigative efforts, the case was abandoned in late 1945. None of these documents cast any light on the question of how Hitler continued to obtain diamonds for the duration of the war. There was, however, an investigation of this problem by the OSS, the forerunner of the CIA. According to a summary of OSS documents, the OSS learned through its agents in Germany that in November of 1943 Hitler had only an eight-month supply of industrial diamonds. When these diamonds ran out, Hitler's war machine would be crippled. It would no longer be possible to build V-2 rockets or other exotic weaponry. It was thus a crucial wartime goal to prevent Hitler from replenishing his supply of diamonds. As all mines in South Africa were closed, the OSS reckoned that there was only one place on earth from which the Germans could get industrial diamonds in sufficient quantity to maintain their .military-industrial complex: the Belgian Congo. The Belgian Congo was, however, administered by the Belgian government in exile, which was in London and completely under British control. The mines themselves were supervised, and policed, by the De Beers syndicate. In fact, when the justice Department began to move against De Beers, the War Department objected on the grounds that it might undercut the security system that De Beers had developed in the Belgian Congo. In an exchange of secret correspondence between the War and Justice Departments (which was declassified under my Freedom of Information request), it was argued by an official responsible for maintaining the diamond blockade that "almost the entire [diamond] production of Africa is policed through the operation of elaborate controls extending through every mining area of the continent." Further, De Beers, which administered this program, sent "this controlled production ... in a closely guarded stream to London." The OSS had determined, however, that tons of diamonds were somehow reaching Nazi Germany. If the De Beers system of "elaborate controls" was as effective as the War Department held, how could such enormous quantities of diamonds be regularly reaching Germany? To answer this question, the OSS had proposed sending its own undercover agents from its field office in Accra to the Belgian Congo. Since the British Ministry of Economic Warfare was responsible for allied activities in the Congo, this OSS action had to be cleared in London. At first the ministry blocked the request, and then it had proposed a joint "diamond investigation." OSS agents met with their British counterparts, but little was done to pinpoint the source of the smuggling. Finally the OSS chief in Accra reported to Washington, D.C.: "We have now come to the conclusion (a) that our assistance was requested in this program so that the Diamond Trading Corporation might discover how much we actually knew of the ramifications of the De Beers world monopoly, and ( that the OSS/Accra recommendations for a Security Committee were sabotaged, not by the British Government, but by the representatives of the Diamond Trading Corporation, Ltd., London, through their domination of the Diamond Committee of the Ministry of Economic Warfare." As the OSS pursued the investigation, it found that the diamonds were reaching the Axis powers through Tangier and Cairo. Its agents, posing as illegal buyers in these entrepots, found that industrial diamonds were being sold for $26 a carat, which was thirty times the official price. It became increasingly clear that enormous profits were being made on the millions of carats that were being smuggled into Germany. Tracing their way back through the chain of illegal sellers, an OSS agent code-named Teton reported back from Leopoldville that "the major source of leakage was the Forminiere Mines," which had been under the control of the syndicate ever since they were developed. According to the OSS report, Teton, pretending to be an American official who had come to the Congo to register "all American males of draft age," made highly productive "contact" in Leopoldville and eventually turned up evidence "that a full year's supply of diamonds had reached Germany from Forminiere through Red Cross parcels." The shipment of several million carats of diamonds through the parcels that were regularly sent from the Congo to Nazi-occupied Belgium required considerable organization and support in the intervening areas. Even though the investigation was causing great concern in the diamond section of the Ministry of Economic Warfare, Teton was ordered by the OSS to continue following the leads he had developed. Teton suspected that the Belgian police chief in Leopoldville was involved in the massive smuggling operation, and to test his suspicions he gave money to a Belgian citizen to make illegal diamond purchases in Leopoldville. As Teton suspected, the diamonds 'traced directly to the police chief. Before Teton could follow the trail any farther, however, e Belgian citizen was arrested by the police. The Belgian identified Teton as his source for the funds, and Teton was declared persona non grata by the governor general of the Congo, and expelled. It again seemed to the OSS that British interests had stifled the investigation. In February of 1944, British and American intelligence officials met in Accra to attempt to resolve the jurisdiction problem. Rejecting the OSS idea of an "advisory commission" on diamond smuggling, the British decided instead have a diamond security expert and a mining engineer, bo of whom were to be hand-picked by Sir Ernest Oppenheimer, conduct a security study of the mine. Even though this self-serving plan was never actually implemented, the OSS concluded, "Thus the responsibility for security would have been turned over entirely to the industry." Nevertheless, it was decided that British Intelligence would have the responsibility for interdicting the flow of diamonds to the Nazis. The OSS report noted that although this British intelligence operation was initially "well-planned," it was unable to cope with the Syndicate's control of the industry and its dealing with the enemy." The suggestion that the De Beers-controlled syndicate was "dealing with the enemy" was not accepted; or at least not acted upon by the U.S. War Department. In a secret memorandum, dated November 21, 1944, Patrick A. Gibson wrote Assistant Attorney General Edward S. Stimson, "I suppose that we could not make any allegation that the defendants (De Beers) themselves have prevented effective control of leakage of industrial diamonds to Germany. . . Any theory of this nature would seem to depend upon supporting action by some units of the British Government. Clearly, the British government was not about to investigate such a sensitive matter. It was therefore concluded that it would be imprudent to "be involved in a controversy of this nature." With the end of the war in 1945, the OSS was dissolved, and the question of "dealing with the enemy" was never resolved. American servicemen returned from overseas and purchased diamond rings for engagements that they had deferred. To meet the new demand, De Beers re-opened its mines in South Africa. The diamond invention had survived the war intact.