John Bevilaqua

Welcome to the Forum. I am sure a lot of researchers will be interested in your account of working at Life Magazine in 1963/4. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwagenvoord.htm I can certainly second that emotion. I would also love to hear about what it was like in North Carolina at Duke University during the very pivotal and violent civil rights years. I can recall my trips as a teenager from Miami to attend the Duke University summer basketball camp near Lake Lure, North Carolina about halfway between Ashville and Hendersonville close to Mount Mitchell I think it was called. The town was called Gerton, as I recall. While riding on a Greyhound Bus from Florida through Georgia, South Carolina and then North Carolina in perhaps 1962 and 1963 I can vividly recall several cases where the bus driver enforced the "back of the bus" rules against Afro-Americans with the threat of immediate expulsion from the bus if compliance was not forthcoming. And in the various bus terminals in the Carolinas, there were always 2 Mens Rooms and 2 Ladies Rooms clearly marked "Colored" and "White". And there were even two water fountains also marked "Colored" and "White". On one trip at about 6:00 am in the morning we pulled into a station and I groggily stumbled towards the nearest bathroom when all of a sudden the white passengers started yelling at me for no apparent reason. They pointed to the sign above the bathroom door and then I realized what was going on. Even the non-whites were looking at me to see what was going on and what I was going to do. I just looked at them, and said "Sorry!" and shrugged my shoulders as if to say: "Hey, I can't do anything else but go into the other bathroom. I didn't cause this situation and I certainly can't fix it either." The irony of saying sorry to them only struck me later. As if I was an interloper into their private domain when in fact it could have been inadvertently meant as: "Sorry, for the plight you are in, but I can not do anything about it!" My tenure at the Duke basketball camp was during the latter end of the Vic Bubas reign, but he never showed up at the camp named after him because he was on the way out the door as I recall. We were all kind of sad that we did not get a chance to be recruited by Vic Bubas into Duke. Later during a 1993 visit to Dallas for an ASK Conference, almost every bar or restaurant we went into still had an old fashioned bathroom attendant who was an aging Afro-American in almost all cases. What a throwback. Even in 1993, the remnants of the deep south still survived in the very class conscious deep south including Texas.

She looks sort of like a true Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso Alien Invaders Invention or a special type of new UFO: An Unattractive Friendly Object She even LOOKS a little bit like Corso. This is really a PsyOps Mata Hari who gains foreign intelligence under the cover(s) of yet another fake syndrome called PSAS. And you are correct, Ron, about the fact that one of the Pavlovian reward based techniques of MK/ULTRA training and for the 9/11 kamikaze pilots was ease of access to wanton women or the promise of ease of access to 75 virgins and attendants in the hereafter? By the way, Vonsiatsky and his cronies helped train the Japanese Kamikaze pilots in Harbin, Manchuoko (Manchuria) when it was still a part of the Japanese Empire. Then later, this ManCand training technique passed first to the Palestinian suicide bombers and later to the 9/11 Kamikaze Pilots, too. And trust me these guys were no more or no less than Kamikaze Pilots with the same training, the same techniques and the same success. Pedal to the Metal and Damn the Torpedoes, Full Speed Ahead. You know what goes around, comes around. The Vonsiatsky Pavlovian techniques were used against us, too in 2001. Serves us right in a way. Never let a Dangerous Genie out of the Bottle, especially if it can be used against U.S. citizens in retaliation. From Vonsiatsky through Eysenck to Draper. Didn't Oswald come down with a couple of cases of STD's while in Taiwan? And was he not seen drinking and hanging out with Geisha girls at some USO club on an expense account far beyond his measly income at the time? Anchors away.

By the way Dan Moldea ranks up there alongside Lamar Waldron and a bunch of others as one of the LEAST RELEVANT writers in the history of the JFK hit. All he does is supply evidence why many members of the mob wanted JFK dead, wished he were dead and smiled when he died. But they GOT NOTHING in RETURN. NOTHING AT ALL. And they would never the power to invoke a forced cover up either. Or to control the press or to affect the censoring of the documents. Or to influence hundreds of politicians. NOBODY woth their salt bothers to press the MOB issue any more. NO ONE.

Tom, all of the previous posting is essentially factual, and quite relevant to the JFK hit, but my approach has always been to discover or uncover things which lead to the Three Strikes and you are IT, approach. STRIKE 1) Tit-for-tat reciprocation and suspicious, gratuitous and massive payoffs with perfect timing after the JFK hit which were received by individuals who expressed deep animosity not only for JFK but for Truman, and even FDR before that going back to 1932 in fact. (GLK Smith and Wickliffe Draper) STRIKE 2) If these same persons were also overheard, discussed and/or identified at meetings where patently obvious JFK conspirators were present (like at The Winnipeg Airport Incident overheard by Richard Giesbrecht) then that is Strike Two against them. STRIKE 3) If these same 2 persons were cited in Richard Condon's Manchurian Candidate, by being named directly like GERALD L. K. SMITH was and indirectly like Draper was, and if BOTH of them had been the subject of MASSIVE investigations over the DECADES by the Anti-Defamation League, by Armen Dernonian who was part of another private investigative organization run by the Unitarian Church (The Plotters and Undercover) by Epstein and Forster, by the AFL-CIO agents like Wes McCuen and Wilbur Baldinger, and by dozens and dozens of writers over the years, you know that these guys were capable of just about anything. STRIKE 4) Both Smith and Draper were experts in psychological warfare, in character assassination and in actual physical assassination when combined with Vonsiatsky. GLK Smith had Huey Long killed, Vonsiatsky had personally murdered thousands of Bolsheviks, and in fact Draper was the PROXY for all those persons you cited above. Plus all of these guys were experts in the OSS/CIA joint programs for programmed assassination. Draper PAID Eysenck to steal his ManCand techniques from MK/ULTRA. STRIKE 5) Even AFTER their deaths, more information has come out to show that Draper and Smith and Vonsiatsky were the PROXIES for every Union-hating, Segregation-favoring, Democrat-Hating, sod-busting, War-mongering, Pentagon-loving, go-to-meeting, God-fearing, Baby-having, Eugenics-loving, Peace-hating, Stump-Grubbing anti-Communist and anti-Semite and anti-Afro-American who ever lived since the 1920's as GLK Smith liked to describe it. You have yet to identify your Gang of Five like I have. Sometimes I think you have a Gang of Five Hundred in mind. And another 5,000 people RELATED to them. Here is my Gang of Five most of whom either financed the American Security Council or were on the American Security Council: 1) Robert J. Morris 2) GLK Smith 3) Charles Willoughby 4) Anastase Vonsiatsky 5) Ray S. Cline Who is the only PERSON as an INDIVIDUAL who received $100,000,000 as a direct result of the JFK hit because he ran the whole show? Name him! Can you please supply us with your lists as well? Who organized it? Name them. (5 people only) Who executed the hit? Name them! I go with Roy Hargraves list for Miami and for Dallas which he gave to Mary Ferrell. Who was the CIA bag man from the North to the South Florida exiles? Name him! Which 3 CIA proprietaries laundered the money for JFK, Viet Nam and Iran Contra? The same three proprietaries laundered money for all THREE operations. We all know that Pentagon contractors benefited tremendously, but most of them DID NOTHING to add to the entire plot and to the the execution. They just BENEFITED FROM IT. They just gave a nod, and said sure, go ahead, I agree with the decision. And Tom, don't worry about being in my "good graces". You have always been up front and square with everyone, including me, and my little sidetrack blowoffs only happen when you somehow ending up accusing people like Senator Claiborne Pell of RI of being somehow complicit in the hit or giving it his tacit approval since he did nothing according to you and a lot of others. In fact I have personal inside info that when he tried to launch inquiries and ask dangerous questions to some CIA and FBI types the Secret Service "miraculously uncovered a plot" against his life in South America, told him it was squelched and implied that if they were drawn into a massive investigation of the JFK hit, there would not be enough agents available to rescue him from another possible plot against his life. The subtle hint was "stay away from your planned inquiries" or "your life may be put into danger, due to reduced Secret Service manpower on your upcoming foreign trips." He got the hint. He suffered in silence for decades.

Yes. A failed attempt at hitting JFK meant a huge loss of any opportunity in the future. Security would have greatly increased. The plotters would have to act on their best opportunity, which after Miami, was probably Dallas. Just as Ruby (IMO ) needed to kill Oswald before he left the custody of the DPD. The window of opportunity probably woud've closed, if Oswald was successfully transfered to the Sheriff's Dept. -Bill Almost everyone just automatically assumes that there was only ONE plot and ONE group after JFK. And almost everyone assumes that evidence about a Miami plot and a Miami to Dallas caravan meant that those who failed in Miami succeeded in Dallas. Well, it is just not that simple in my opinion. You really have to look at who received big bucks right after the deed was done and only Rev. Gerald L K Smith and Wickliffe Draper got paid off. Smith built Christ of the Ozarks for $1,000,000 when he started 1964 with only $5,000 in the bank and Draper and his family got $100,000,000 from Rockwell when they bought out a failing Draper Company. The Cubans did not get their war against Castro. And only The Winnipeg Airport Incident (GLK Smith, Vonsiatsky, Draper, Gostick, Butler, Walsh) and the Joseph A. Milteer tape recordings confirm those who were involved at the highest levels in the Dallas plot. Army Intel, Draper and Vonsiatsky who was also Army Intel. In fact, I am now firmly convinced that the Miami plot was done by rogue CIA agents using their Cuban exile contacts and the Dallas plot was done by former Army Intel types (Willoughby, MacArthur, Gale, Walker, Lansdale, etc. (who was Army Air Corps and Air Force (NOT CIA) ) using the likes of Robert Emmett Johnson and other guns for hire. The same mistake is made when people just blandly cite Marina Oswald's "translated testimony" as Gospel. Igor Voshinin worked for J. Howard Pew and Sun Oil like other White Russian petroleum geologists, and he could have "translated" her testimony to include anything he wanted to in fact.

And by the same token, there were more than a handful of eavesdropping situations which implicated the anti-Castro Cuban exiles in the MIAMI plot for sure. But was the Dallas plot more of a Willoughby, Morris, Emmett Johnson thing or was it peppered with anti-Castro Cuban exiles as well. 1) Homer Echevarria in Chicago bragged about how they were going to kill JFK and Roy Hargraves later implicated him in the hit in Dallas, but it also turns out that Hargraves himself allegedly flew to Dallas with 2 Cuban shooters. What role did he play himself? Roy also implicated Mitch Werbell, Robert F. Baird, Eugene Brading or Braden a couple others, one from The Pioneer Fund itself founded by Wick Draper. 2) Willoughby's Foreign Intelligence Digest Latin American Editor, Emilio Nunez Portuondo, was overheard on the phone talking about the assassination 3) Rose Mercedes or Marcardes was dumped from a car near New Orleans on the way to Dallas after overhearing the car's occupants talking about killing JFK 4) Someone (a Cuban exile) in a Dallas meeting first name Nelson, last name forgotten, maybe DelGado, also talked in advance about plans for killing JFK 5) Both Marita Lorenz and my father had advanced notice of the plot based on either meetings attended or eavesdropped conversations. Later Sturgis and E. H. Hunt implicated themselves in the plot (in Miami or in Dallas or in both?) The players in the Miami plot were probably much different than the players in the Dallas plot. I think Morris, Schmidt, Walker and Willoughby took over the Dallas plot after the Miami plot was busted wide open. They felt that the Cuban exiles were braggarts, with loose lips sinking their ships. Maybe some of them had a role in Dallas, but you have to consider the realistic possibility that there were 2-4 shooting teams and not all of them even knew the identity of the other teams in all likelihood. Two teams in Dealey and two teams at the Trade Mart final stop? That is also possible. But there is little doubt that Robert Emmett Johnson was one of the shooters.

After immigrant killed in NY, others tell of abuse By FRANK ELTMAN (AP) – 3 days ago PATCHOGUE, N.Y. — The high school buddies who trolled the streets looking for Hispanics to attack called it "beaner hopping." "Jose, Kevin and I started popping and Jose punched him so hard he knocked him out," Anthony Harfford told police. Harfford said he didn't do it often: "Maybe only once a week." There had been other high-profile attacks on a growing Hispanic population on eastern Long Island before Ecuadorean immigrant Marcelo Lucero was stabbed to death a year ago Sunday on a street corner. But it wasn't until the seven teens accused in the killing told police of the attacks — and Hispanic residents who had been long silent about hate crimes came forward to confirm the stories — that officials began to realize what they were dealing with. The year since the Lucero slaying has put a national spotlight on race relations here has seen the U.S. Justice Department launch a probe of hate crimes and police response to them. A national civil rights group released a study that found "a pervasive climate of fear in the Latino community" in Suffolk County. Many victims said they had always been reluctant to contact police, fearing they would be asked about their immigration status. Just weeks after presiding at a funeral for Lucero, a preacher invited Hispanic crime victims to share their experiences. Dozens came forward. "It was a bunch of people relieved that someone was listening," the Rev. Dwight Lee Wolter said. "They just wanted some sort of witness that their story was worth telling." Many were unable to identify attackers, but prosecutors gleaned enough evidence to file charges in eight other attacks against the teens accused in the Lucero killing. Not all were crime victims. One man came to the church with his telephone answering machine wrapped in plastic, Wolter said. He had received threatening phone calls from his landlord, peppered with anti-Hispanic slurs, and wanted advice on making it stop. Wolter is hosting an interfaith service Saturday night, after a candlelight vigil organized by Lucero's family at the spot where he died. Foster Maer, an attorney for Manhattan-based LatinoJustice, which called for the Justice Deaprtment investigation, said the Lucero killing "raised everybody's awareness of how bad it is." Suffolk County Police Commissioner Richard Dormer said officers don't ask victims whether they're illegal immigrants and said the probe would exonerate the department. Dormer assigned a Hispanic officer to command a local precinct after the killing. Lucero, 37, came to the United States when he was 21 and worked at a dry cleaner. He was walking with a friend shortly before midnight near the Patchogue train station when they were confronted by a mob of teens. His friend ran away, but Lucero was surrounded, prosecutors say. He tried to fight back, flailing at the assailants with his belt. At some point, 18-year-old Jeffrey Conroy plunged a knife into Lucero's chest before running away, prosecutors said. They strengthened their case against the teens this week when one pleaded guilty to conspiracy and hate crime charges and agreed to testify against the others. Nicholas Hausch also admitted participating in other attacks on Hispanics, confessing he and his cohorts frequently used racial epithets when confronting victims. In one attack, Hausch said, they shot a BB gun at a Hispanic man. Conroy attorney William Keahon told Newsday of Hausch, "I guarantee the jury will not believe a word that comes out of his mouth." Keahon did not return a call from The Associated Press. Suffolk County has seen thousands of Hispanics settle there in recent years. U.S. Census figures show the number of Hispanics more than doubled from 7.1 percent of the population in 1990 to or 13.7 percent in 2008. The Southern Poverty Law Center report titled "Climate of Fear; Latino Immigrants in Suffolk County," catalogued a litany of anti-immigrant attacks dating back a decade. Two men are serving long prison terms for attempted murder after luring two Mexican laborers to a warehouse in 2000 with the promise of work, only to pummel them with shovels. Last August, three young men were charged with hate crimes in the robbery and beating of an Ecuadorean man near the spot where Lucero was killed. Police said one man punched 22-year-old day labor Milton Balbuca in the face while the others kicked and punched him, yelling anti-Mexican slurs. Margarita Espada, a playwright who emigrated from Puerto Rico, has written "What Killed Marcelo Lucero" for a local theater. The production features vignettes about the experiences of whites and Hispanics on Long Island. "People will have the opportunity to see what happened," she explained. "It's a long-term issue because there is no trust. There's no hope." Obdulio deLeon, a cast member who arrived from Guatemala 23 years ago, says even now, newcomers live in fear. The volunteer EMT said some are even afraid to call for a doctor when they're sick. "They don't want to call 911," he said. "They don't want to call the ambulance or call police for anything. If they get beat up or they get picked on, they just let it be." Copyright © 2009 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Man Killed in FBI Shootout Said to Lead Terror Cell Posted in Muslim Extremism by Sonia Scherr on November 6, 2009 Print This Post A Detroit man fatally shot last week by FBI agents was a high-ranking leader of a nationwide separatist group that advocated violence and denigrated Christians, Jews and other non-Muslims, according to an FBI complaint. Luqman Ameen Abdullah (also known as Christopher Thomas), 53, was killed during a government raid on Oct. 28 when he refused to surrender and fired his weapon, according to an FBI news release. A convicted felon, Abdullah helped lead what the FBI characterized as a “radical fundamentalist Sunni group” called Ummah (“the brotherhood”). The group consists mostly of African Americans, some of whom converted to Islam while in prison. Its main goal is to create a sovereign state within America’s borders that would be governed by Islamic law and ruled by Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin (the former H. Rapp Brown), who’s serving a life sentence for murdering two police officers in Georgia. Abdullah was among 11 men linked to Ummah who were charged with conspiracy to commit an array of federal crimes, including theft from interstate shipments and illegal possession and sale of firearms. Last week’s raid followed the eviction in January of Ummah members from their former mosque after they failed to pay property taxes. Inside that building, Detroit police found two firearms, roughly 40 knives and martial arts weapons, empty shell casings, and a concrete wall that had served as a shooting range. Abdullah’s death led to criticism from several Muslim groups who say he was not the violent extremist that the FBI claimed. More than 1,000 people attended Abdullah’s funeral on Saturday at Detroit’s Muslim Center, where some speakers demanded an investigation into the shooting. Abdullah was imam (leader) of the Masjid Al-Haqq mosque in Detroit, which called the FBI allegations “utterly preposterous,” according to The Associated Press. Though Abdullah was not charged with terrorism, the 43-page complaint filed in federal court stated that he routinely preached against the federal government and law enforcement. Abdullah’s adherents often carried firearms and received training in their use, even though many were convicted felons. Confidential sources recorded statements by Abdullah indicating that “[he] and his followers view themselves as soldiers at war against the United States government, and against non-Muslims,” the complaint said. Among the alleged statements: • In February 2008, Abdullah said his followers must oppose the federal government, even if they die. He also praised Muslim suicide bombers. • During an August 2008 conversation with an FBI source, Abdullah stated the U.S. government controls everything. “We got to take out the U.S. government,” he said. “The U.S. government is nothing but Kuffars” — a derogatory term for non-Muslims. He added: “You cannot have a nonviolent revolution.” • While praying at the mosque in October 2008, Abdullah said Muslims needed to “cut the ties” with Christians, Jews and Kuffars. “The worst Muslim is better than the best Kafir,” he said (Kafir is the singular form of Kuffar). “We should be trying to figure out how to fight the Kuffar.” • In November 2008, Abdullah said he believed that the FBI perpetrated the Oklahoma City and the first World Trade Center bombings with the aim of blaming Muslims for the attacks. • In February 2009, Abdullah asked an FBI source to teach him how to make Trinitrotoluene (an explosive). In March, Abdullah gave the source a CD that the source characterized as “pro-Taliban propaganda.” • In May 2009, Abdullah preached that the group “hates the Jews and that God hates the Jews,” the complaint said. Abdullah met with followers in other cities, including Montgomery, Ala., and Gainesville, Ga. His longtime associate, Mohammad Abdul Bassir (also known as Franklin D. Roosevelt Williams), often served as Abdullah’s bodyguard during these trips, carrying a weapon even though he was a convicted felon, according to the complaint. Bassir, 50, blamed the U.S. government, President Bush and Jews for mistreating Muslims and discussed Sept. 11 conspiracy theories. “Bassir said brothers need to stick together and be willing to die for the cause, and blood needs to be shed in order to change things,” the complaint said. He’s currently serving a two-year prison sentence in Michigan. An FBI source also saw Abdullah’s oldest son, 30-year-old Mujahid Carswell (also known as Mujahid Abdullah), beat young children with a stick while teaching them martial arts, the complaint said. Another source observed Luqman Abdullah “discipline children inside the mosque by beating them with sticks on their hands, knees and legs, until they were covered with bruises, including a boy Abdullah beat so badly with sticks that he was unable to walk for several days.” 10 Responses to 'Man Killed in FBI Shootout Said to Lead Terror Cell' Subscribe to comments with RSS texasgomer said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 10:23 AM Speaking about what happened at Fort Hood, it is irrelevant that the guy was a Muslim. He could have been any faith and still broken. I think it says more about our lack of confidence in our wars than anything about any particular group, ethnic or otherwise. White Avocado said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 10:58 AM I am curious to see how SPLC reacts to this incident in comparison to how they reacted to the Holocaust Museum shooting. Both cases seem very similar: deeply alienated and violent people. texasgomer said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 11:58 AM I don’t see the similarity at all. Chris said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 12:42 PM texasgoober, real great Liberal logic there, lefty. Yeah, him being a Muslim had NOTHING whatsoever to do with it! Even though he was screaming Allah O Akbar as he shot up the place. And also lets make sure and overlook the fact he was posting crap on the internet about justification for suicide bombings. You liberals are brilliant. Absolutely freakin’ brilliant. texasgomer said, ON NOVEMBER 7TH, 2009 AT 4:31 AM At this point, we know little about Dr. Hasan’s motives, but they have been put forth by Kay Bailey Hutchinson, a Texas Senator, as his being upset over his deployment. I would not call this a hate crime for that reason. The incident at the Museum was most definitely a hate crime. Carter said, ON NOVEMBER 7TH, 2009 AT 3:23 PM Frankly I think this has less to do with politics per se’ than it does the West’s desire (all to often) to find reason for pathological actions. What’s more it doesn’t matter who commits such actions, they should be stopped from ever repeating them! Young men were excused from murders in the past and served as little as five to seven years of prison time due to age. When released, they murdered again and again. We continued to “try and find the reason” for such behavior; while innocent people died! All these things are secondary to protecting the innocent. It only become apparent when the tragedy hits home that murdering psychopaths need to be stopped as a primary goal. Trying to “understand them” puts undue emphasis on excuses & surety of protection as an after-thought. The unbelievable assertion that this individual “suffered from PTSD” is ludicrous as any reason or excuse for his behavior. But it demonstrates society’s failure to protect the innocent at the cost of a continuation of obscene violence. This jackass could have every emotional disorder imaginable & it wouldn’t matter a bit. The end result is what he does. And if what he does is a threat to those who are innocent, he needs to be removed from contact with society; better sooner than later! Tezuka fan said, ON NOVEMBER 7TH, 2009 AT 5:09 PM @Chris I think he yelled out Allahu Akbar (Arabic for “God is great”) because he felt for sure that he was going to be killed there on the spot, sort of like a self-administered last rites. Like when people say the Lord’s Prayer when they’re about to do something that may get them killed (suicide mission). … I have no idea where I’m going with this… XD Ruslan Amirkhanov said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 12:27 AM Hey there Chris, were you aware that the vast majority of American domestic terrorists are not Muslim? Rather their beliefs are described as conservative, Christian, libertarian, etc.? GENO said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 9:16 AM Its very very unlikely that such an egregiously created “Islamic State” will ever be surface “within the borders of the U.S.” Its never gonna happen. Not in my lifetime, anyway. One has to be a dwelleth in La-La Land to assume this. Snarla said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 4:39 PM Not that this is even slightly important, but “ummah” does not mean “brotherhood.” It means “nation,” and refers to the body of Muslims all over the world. BTW, the only witness to claim that Hasan shouted “allahu akbar” now says he doesn’t know if that actually happened. “I was sitting in about the second row back when the assailant stood up and yelled ‘Allahu akbar’ in Arabic and he opened fire,” Foster said Monday on CNN’s “American Morning.” Foster, 21, said he wasn’t clear about whether the gunman said those exact words, noting that “with that much adrenaline, you tend to forget things.” http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/.....od.foster/

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.p...oryId=120129726 Neo-Nazi Rallies Provoke 'Anger, Fear' by STEVEN CUEVAS EnlargeDavid McNew/Getty Images Erika Paz yells at members of the white supremacist group, the National Socialist Movement, during the group's anti-illegal immigration rally last month. Listen to the Story Weekend Edition Saturday[5 min 24 sec] Add to Playlist Download Transcript EnlargeDavid McNew/Getty Images Members of the National Socialist Movement hold swastika flags at the group's anti-illegal immigration rally last month. text sizeAAANovember 7, 2009 from SCPR The National Socialist Movement, a neo-Nazi group, is holding two rallies in Arizona and Minnesota on Saturday to demonstrate against illegal immigration. Similar rallies in Riverside, Calif., near Los Angeles, have led to violent clashes with counter-protesters. Late last month, a rally near a day-laborer site in Riverside attracted about two dozen members of the National Socialist Movement (NSM), who wore World War II-era Nazi garb. They were outmatched by about 700 counter-protesters. The two sides were separated by dozens of police officers in riot gear. NSM members taunted counter-protesters with racist epithets. Fights broke out and several counter-protesters hurled rocks and bottles. The neo-Nazis left 3 hours later, under police escort. Counter-demonstration organizer Kevin Akin helped mobilize over 50 community and religious organizations against the NSM. "The broader the resistance is to the Nazis, the more difficult it is for them to find specific targets. We're hearing only irritation, anger and fear from the community," Akin says. "The fact is, when the come to Riverside, their enemy is the whole community." The National Socialist Movement is known for provocative confrontations. The group's Web site called counter-protesters an unruly mob of "Mexicans, Jews and homosexuals." NSM members, meanwhile, are depicted in strictly heroic terms. "They're proud of who they are, tired of white guilt being shoved on their kids and multiculturalism. They can't see any reason for it," Jeff Hall, the National Socialist Movement's state president, tells NPR. Hall is a burly skinhead with a German military Iron Cross tattooed on the back of his skull. He set up the group's California headquarters in Riverside last year. He led the recent street rallies in a predominantly Latino neighborhood already battling gang violence, home foreclosures and high unemployment. "I think Riverside was waiting for something like this. I'd like to see it cleaned up. And I see on so many street corners groups of Hispanics, most of whom you can easily assume came here illegally," Hall says. "In times when we've been hit so hard with the recession and job losses, we're standing up for the American workers." It's white American workers he's talking about. The National Socialist Movement's guiding principles — which are posted on its Web site and are founded on the Nazi Party's "25 Points" — are clear: only those of "pure White blood may be members of the nation." Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, San Bernardino, says illegal immigration is simply a Trojan horse the NSM can use to deliver its broader message of white supremacy. EnlargeDavid McNew/Getty Images Members of the National Socialist Movement (left) and counter-protesters exchanged punches at the rally after counter-protesters knocked over a temporary barricade the police set up to separate the two groups. "The immigration issue allows racist white nationalists a plank to reach out into the mainstream. And you can attract everyone from people of good will, who would never hurt a fly, all the way to Nazis!" The National Socialist Movement claims to be the nation's largest neo-Nazi group. The Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate groups, says the group probably has fewer than 100 members in California. But Mark Potok, spokesman for the center, says membership in the NSM and other white supremacist groups is growing — fueled by the recession, illegal immigration and the election of the country's first black president. "We really are seeing a lot of rage out there connected very directly to the changing demographics of the country," Potok says. "There was a real attempt to exploit the economy and hang it around the necks of people of color. " The Southern Poverty Law Center has documented a rise in what it calls "domestic terror plots" linked to white supremacist groups. None of those plots have direct ties to the NSM. But Potok says the NSM does its best to provoke violence and outrage, as evidenced by its raucous street rallies. In Riverside, it has also antagonized the Jewish community. Members of Temple Beth El, the city's largest synagogue, helped organize recent counter-demonstrations against NSM. The NSM responded by marching on the synagogue during Friday services waving swastika flags. Rabbi Suzanne Singer says she's "torn" between the desire to "not make a huge deal out of this" and the realization that the local economy's woes could breed real danger. "Not that it's like Nazi Germany, but in this community where unemployment is — what, 14 percent? — people are hurting and they're vulnerable to trying to find a scapegoat," Singer says. Riverside city leaders condemned the NSM's recent actions, while at the same time promising to protect the neo-Nazis' right to stage street demonstrations in the future. The group promises to do just that, here in Riverside and in other cities across the country. Related NPR Stories Inside Access: Photographer Captures the Taboo June 23, 2008 Obama's Candidacy Angers, Excites Hate Groups Oct. 28, 2008 Assessing White Supremacist Groups In The U.S. Oct. 30, 2008

Dangerous Liaisons: Congressmen to Join Nativist Hate Group Today Posted in Anti-Immigrant by Heidi Beirich on November 6, 2009 Print This Post At noon today, five members of the U.S. House of Representatives will hold a press conference at the House Triangle with Dan Stein, president of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR). FAIR has been listed as an anti-immigrant hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center since 2007. Stein will discuss “loopholes” in pending health care legislation that he claims will allow benefits to go to “illegal aliens.” All five House members meeting with FAIR — Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), Nathan Deal (R-Ga.), Dean Heller (R-Nev.), Sam Johnson (R-Tex.) and Joe Wilson (R-S.C.) — are members of the hard-line House Immigration Reform Caucus (IRC). The IRC is headed by U.S. Rep. Brian Bilbray (R-Calif.), who is a former lobbyist for FAIR. In 2002, Bilbray told a group of anti-immigrant activists, “We are creating a slave class that criminal elements breed in.” He also warned, “We could have a terrorist coming in on a Latin name.” FAIR has a decades-long history of anti-immigrant hatred. The group has employed key staff members with ties to white supremacist groups, accepted more than $1 million from a racist foundation dedicated to the study of racial differences in intelligence, and promoted racist conspiracy theories about Mexico’s secretly coveting the American Southwest. In 2006, a top official of FAIR in met with former members of a Belgian political party banned by that country’s highest court for “racism and xenophobia.” For more on FAIR’s long track record of hate, read here. The group’s animus toward immigrants reaches all the way back to its founding in 1979. FAIR’s founder, current board member and intellectual leader, John Tanton, has repeatedly described contemporary immigrants as inferior. He has questioned the “educability” of Latinos and written that “for European-American society and culture to persist requires a European-American majority, and a clear one at that.” In a letter to Roy Beck, head of NumbersUSA, Tanton wondered “whether the minorities who are going to inherit California … can run an advanced society?” Stein recently defended Tanton, telling The Washington Post that Tanton is a “Renaissance man” of wide-ranging “intellect.” It is unclear whether these elected officials are aware of FAIR’s racist track record. In October, another Republican congressman, Paul Ryan of Wisconsin, came under fire by immigrants-rights advocates in his home district for participating in a September event put on by FAIR that featured live broadcasts by talk radio hosts. Ryan quickly issued a statement saying he did not endorse or support FAIR and had only granted a radio interview to discuss “health care reform and the Green Bay Packers.” According to Ryan’s statement, he had his name removed from FAIR’s website where it had been noted that Ryan took part in the FAIR’s event. 12 Responses to 'Dangerous Liaisons: Congressmen to Join Nativist Hate Group Today' Subscribe to comments with RSS mw said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 11:44 AM I am certain that Nathan Deal of Georgia is aware of FAIR’s background. Deal is also a birther. Bowman said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 12:34 PM nauiocelotl (1 hour ago) We want racist people to go? back to europe , plain and simple boy . Bowman said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 12:58 PM VivaLARaza31 (3 days ago) I say the brown take the coastal temperate zones? just inside the coast before the mountains and make whitey go out to the dessert and the blacks and asians maybe should get some boats/ships and get into the Pacific. Daniel said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 1:03 PM It is astonishing how this organization still seems to be considered mainstream mickey said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 3:17 PM Just because you call something a hate group doesn’t make it true. beholder said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 3:57 PM Do not believe these crocodile tears. When Tanton speaks of the woes of a “slave class”, he little addresses the root problem. Oppression and fear go hand in hand. It is evident that our every effort to limit illegal immigration through stricter controls and procrustean penalties backfires by forcing a population at risk into even greater marginality. This unwinnable effort scrapes away at civil liberties for citizens and non-citizens alike, wastes scarce public resources, and diverts the public’s attention from the real problems facing our country by creating a scapegoat. FAIR’s assiduously laid astroturf carpets the airwaves and tinctures policy discussion with outmoded shades of Malthusian fear, racialism, and an odd mix of militia/fringe groups who feed upon the nativist rhetoric like vampires, draining our nation’s political will to overcome centuries of bigotry and injustice. At each passing generation, economic crisis stirs the popular ire. Today, as in the past, our leaders are being led to this extreme by nativists like Tanton who have waited literally decades to put this master plan into effect. Just as the Know-Nothings, just as the KKK, just as those who feared the successive waves of immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe, Asia and Latin America, the nativists of today have relied again and again upon the premise of fear and hate to motivate and angry public into action. I have every confidence that the unified voice of academics, social critics, thinkers, activists, and our representatives in government will prevail in our effort toward reason. The only sensible solution for our immigration problems is a massive overhaul of our “legal” route and recognition that it is in our best interests as a country to provide amnesty for a large number of undocumented residents, first and foremost, and not as a mere rider on a workforce crack-down law such as passed in 1986. Our harshest repressions should be reserved for the harshest crimes: and illegal immigration, my fellow thinkers, is not even a crime. Our efforts will be rewarded and this struggle will go down in history as every bit as telling for civil rights in America as the emancipation of slavery, the creation of unions, universal suffrage, gender rights, racial equality, and same-sex marriage. mickey said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 7:45 PM Marsha Blackburn Voted FOR: Omnibus Appropriations, Special Education, Global AIDS Initiative, Job Training, Unemployment Benefits, Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations, Agriculture Appropriations, U.S.-Singapore Trade, U.S.-Chile Trade, Supplemental Spending for Iraq & Afghanistan, Prescription Drug Benefit, Child Nutrition Programs, Surface Transportation, Job Training and Worker Services, Agriculture Appropriations, Foreign Aid, Vocational/Technical Training, Supplemental Appropriations, UN “Reforms.” Patriot Act Reauthorization, CAFTA, Katrina Hurricane-relief Appropriations, Head Start Funding, Line-item Rescission, Oman Trade Agreement, Military Tribunals, Electronic Surveillance, Head Start Funding, COPS Funding, Funding the REAL ID Act (National ID), Foreign Intelligence Surveillance, Thought Crimes “Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act, Peru Free Trade Agreement, Economic Stimulus, Farm Bill (Veto Override), Warrantless Searches, Employee Verification Program, Body Imaging Screening. Marsha Blackburn Voted AGAINST: Ban on UN Contributions, eliminate Millennium Challenge Account, WTO Withdrawal, UN Dues Decrease, Defunding the NAIS, Iran Military Operations defunding Iraq Troop Withdrawal, congress authorization of Iran Military Operations. Marsha Blackburn is my Congressman. See her unconstitutional votes at : http://tinyurl.com/qhayna Mickey John said, ON NOVEMBER 6TH, 2009 AT 7:46 PM After yesterdays disgusting display at the Capitol,the entire Republican party should be labeled a hate group. Tezuka fan said, ON NOVEMBER 7TH, 2009 AT 5:29 PM @ beholder Not that I don’t agree with most of what you’re saying, because I do, but illegal immigration (or entry) is a crime (US Code 18,Part 1,Chapters 69 and 75 and the Immigration and Nationality Act), though these mostly deal with visas. But, overstaying a visa is illegal and would mean that you’re in the US illegally (That almost happened with my aunt until she married my uncle). But, yes. We do need to refor… er, greatly change the way we allow people in the country. But, don’t look to me for methods, I’m not knowledgeable enough for these things. Snorlax said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 8:01 AM “Just because you call something a hate group doesn’t make it true. by mickey” When SPLC has documented their reasons for calling FAIR a hate group…it IS a hate group. mickey is obviously illiterate, since he cannot read the documentation. mw said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 11:52 AM John, While I can’t agree that GOP should be labeled a hate group, I most certainly and emphatically believe that the “Tea Party” movement exhibits the extreme characteristics of such a group. Tezuka fan said, ON NOVEMBER 9TH, 2009 AT 1:42 PM “Just because you call something a hate group doesn’t make it true.” Unless, you know, it is. Jim Davidson said, Your comment is awaiting moderation. ON NOVEMBER 10TH, 2009 AT 3:33 PM Which racist foundation are you referring to here? Could it be The Pioneer Fund of Wickliffe Draper (1891-1972) who funded both The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission and The Draper Immigration Committee run by Rep. Francis E. Walters (D-PA) and the Draper Genetics (Eugenics) Committee run by Senator James O. Easland of Mississippi? Why of course it is. Draper was very active in his persecution of both Sacco and Vanzetti and he also funded The Johnson (Anti-) Immigration Act of 1924 which shut the door on immigration into the USA just before Hitler’s rise to power. And Draper also provided the fodder for The Nuremberg Laws with the Buck vs. Bell Supreme Court Decision leading to the Involuntary Sterilization of over 75,000 Americans whose only ‘crime’ was the fact that they resided in institutions for the mentally retarded. “FAIR has a decades-long history of anti-immigrant hatred. The group has employed key staff members with ties to white supremacist groups, accepted more than $1 million from a racist foundation dedicated to the study of racial differences in intelligence, and promoted racist conspiracy theories about Mexico’s secretly coveting the American Southwest.” Comment

Newman has covered the CIA, the DIA and ONI pretty well already. Even in this article he covers the CIA, the DIA and the ONI. He is working on a new book, as I understand it at the present time. What is the title going to be? "Oswald and Army Intelligence" Why the heck do you think that Army Intel has released even less than the DIA? Because they are guilty as hell is why. More guilty even, by far, than DIA, CIA and ONI all put together. And why do you think that Newman avoids investigating Army Intel? Because he was a Major in the U.S. Army and you don't throw pig slop where you sleep is why. Because Charles A. Willoughby and Douglas MacArthur were both sacked near the end of the Korean War and were technically severed from service to the USA, they still kept up their contacts in the Army and both were just hiding in the weeds waiting to get their revenge against Rusk, Acheson, Truman and most especially against JFK when he hired Rusk and Acheson once again. There were at least 5-6 former Army Intel types seen in Dealey Plaza. FIVE OR SIX! Can you even name them? And don't try to count General Edwin Lansdale as CIA or DIA either! He was in the Army Air Corps during WW II and worked closely with Willoughby and MacArthur. Lansdale was, and always will be Army Intel. What a damn shame that Newman knows where all the bodies are buried and exactly how and where to access all the critical Army Intel documents and he chooses to do nothing! Has this not yet occurred to anyone else? Has he EVER filed a FOIA against the Army Intel crowd? Never! Not one! His job like so many of the other "ditto heads" is to blame the CIA and ONLY the CIA! Just like both Army types like Dr. Revilo P. Oliver and Charles Willoughby whose job it was to blame the CIA and exonerate the role of ARMY Intelligence and former ARMY INTEL types. Is Army Intelligence an OXYMORON? No not at all! Look how they have pulled the wool over the eyes of even some of the best researchers. Revilo Oliver was a civilian cryptographer working for Army Intel. Why do you think that Condon used so much cryptography and so many anagrams in ManCand? Ever think of that? Doubt it. He wanted to point out the obvious contributions of Dr. Revilo P. Oliver, a John Birch founder, Church of the Creator member and Warren Commission interviewee. I still wonder why Dick Russell told me that Revilo P. Oliver was dead when he was in fact still alive. Accident or not? Oliver is one of the 5 major keys to the entire JFK hit because he crosses over from Army Intel, to the violent Church of the Creator crowd of the Ukrainian Rudy Stanko right through the big wigs at the Dallas John Birch Society like Morris, Willoughby and Walker. The Church of the Creator founder even published The White Man's Bible which I believe was referred to by Dick Russell's informant when the talked about something linked to WHITE and BIBLE followed by THE MAN... as in THE MAN WHO COULD DO NO WRONG... General of the Armies Douglas MacArthur. Maybe John Darwin, Charles' son, and Wickliffe Draper were right. Anyone who is genetically under-endowed regarding the need for high levels of intelligence and analytical skills should not even try to understand this whole JFK conundrum. Do not try this at home boys and girls.

This will light up their little warning monitors: The Boston Metals Processing Company, Baltimore, MD Gram Trade International, Col. Ulius Amoss, OSS Baldt Anchor and Chain, Chester, PA Harold B. Chait, VP Boston Metals Processing Company Morris A. Schapiro, Baltimore, MD and Chester, PA President of The Baltimore Metals Processing Company and The Baldt Anchor and Chain Company Edgar McGuiness, Baltimore, MD and Chester, PA C. Donald Linnenbank, Jacksonville, FL. from Universal-Marion Corp. owned by Louis E. Wolfson Robert Maxwell, Iran-Contra whistle blower The Bank of Maryland, Baltimore, MD Ding, ding, ding-ding! Thanks to James Richard for filling in some of the missing blanks here regarding these companies and their owners who were fronting for the money laundering ongoing at The Bank of Maryland for decades. Apparently there is a lot of money in dismantling mothballed military ships then sending the iron and steel to forge them into anchors, anchor chains, ship propellers, tanks and even more brand new ships, planes and tanks, too. Both Morris A. Schapiro and Louis E. Wolfson were "scrap metal dealers" dealing mostly in reconstituting and recycling moth-balled military ships, tanks and planes and then converting them to other weapons of war. When, if ever, did these once patriotic enterprises, turn into a money laundering machine for the CIA? Did these 2 owners really know what their environmentally attentive enterprises were really being used for or not? Louis E. Wolfson sent about $25,000 to Jim Garrison to help him in his quest for the truth, so at the very least Wolfson strongly suspected some shenanigans on the part of the CIA. At least the military really believed in "Going Green" even decades ago.

Arleigh Burke and George Anderson. James James, Thanks for these photos as usual. What are the various theories regarding exactly why the CIA, and who within the CIA, would want Alex Rorke dead? I think it was Winslow who floated the theory that the anti-Castro Cuban exiles might have wanted Rorke dead and gone after they identified him as the likely source of recent leaks which led to scuttling or disruption of various anti-Castro missions being launched from the Dade County area and the Keys. And it seems likely that if the far right discovered about Rorke's purported meetings with Wilbur Baldinger, that would not have sat very well with them either. Now I know about Winslow's controversial reputation in constantly waffling about any possible Cuban exile involvement in the JFK hit despite evidence to the contrary, so what is your take, and Sherry's take on this subject? If in fact, Rorke discovered info about any of their plans for the pending JFK hit, they would have flipped to paranoid, if they ever thought he would not personally advocate or support such an attack on JFK, especially given his known contacts with both his CIA officer, Commander Anderson of the Navy, and the recent contacts with Baldinger who was very close to the Reuther brothers, also JFK supporters like Rorke allegedly was as well. 1) Do you think Rorke was really an out and out JFK supporter and were the Cuban exiles fully aware of this, if in fact, it was true? 2) Do you agree that there were elements within the CIA who were still very strong JFK supporters who would have had nothing to do with any pending plots to deprive him of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness? The concept of indicting EVERYONE involved with South Florida intelligence operations in the JFK hit is absurd on its face, IMHO. 3) Do you agree that the JFK supporters in both South Florida and within various intelligence agencies would have not even been made privy to any such plans or plots against JFK because of their known allegiances to JFK? This entire plot would have been organized on a need to know basis in order to assure its successful completion. Thanks.

Sherry, Any luck with finding out the owner of the Connecticut home your father may have visited with Rorke? Do you think that it is possible that it could have been William F. Buckley's home in or near Darien which has miles and miles of beachfront property? Is it worth finding out his address as a possibility? Has anyone here, besides James Richards who already knows about Morris A. Schapiro and The Boston Metals Processing Company come across his name before or that of Louis E. Wolfson, who owned both The Miami Beach Sun and a Jacksonville newspaper as well? Wolfson bought out the remnants of some of the businesses of The Boston Metals Processing Company and merged them into Universal-Marion in Jacksonville, Florida. Wolfson also donated a serious chunk of change to Jim Garrison during the Clay Shaw trial to help find out who killed JFK apparently. I think that neither Wolfson nor Schapiro where guilty of any overt, intentional acts which led to the death of JFK but they probably had a pretty good idea who did which is why Wolfson tried to help Garrison find out the answers to the mystery. Schapiro was basically a truly patriotic Investment Banker for the Pentagon's interests during World War II and the Korean War, then certain individuals from the CIA, like Ray S. Cline and Harold Chait, took over Schapiro's secret back room banking channels to funnel money to South Florida Soldiers of Fortune and anti-Castro Cuban exiles to help them in their campaigns first against Castro then later against JFK when their attempts to oust Castro failed entirely. Schapiro owned both The Boston Metals Processing Company and Baldt Anchor and Chain of Chester, PA which were considered national defense based businesses vital to the security of this country during times of war or international conflicts. Baldt has made anchors and anchor chain for the U.S. Navy for over 100 years and was also used as a money laundering machine by these CIA types during the Viet Nam War, during Iran-Contra according to a bank trust officer at Bank of Maryland and possibly even now for the Blackwater private armies run by certain former leaders of The Council for National Policy like N. B. Hunt, Alton Ochsner, Jr., Tom Ellis, Tim LaHaye, Edwin Meese III and several others just like them. It is time to close the door on this use of corporations doing business with the Pentagon and the DoD to fund private mercenary operations which neither Congress nor the President know about. The Bank of Maryland, Baltimore branch, was used in most of these cases. Ask your congressperson to investigate, intervene and interdict these operations today.

Try posting a request on this site or their related sites: http://www.warbirdinformationexchange.org/ Someone out there might know about that Texaco PBY logo.

Does anyone else have a handle on this guy, Morris Schapiro? Apparently his specialty as an Investment Banker heading up his own private firm was to step in whenever a company which produced products vital to National Security interests as determined by the powers that be, fell into financial difficulty and were threatened with bankruptcy or insolvency or outright foreclosure and asset liquidation or distribution. He was from Lithuania, was strongly anti-Communist, was a Chess Master and always managed to hire fellow anti-Soviets some of whom were ex-Czarists. J. Howard Pew from Sun Shipbuilding and Sun Oil plus that guy Samuel Vauclain from Baldwin Locomotive shared this same predilection. Vauclain gave Vonsiatsky his first job when he arrived here after the Russian Revolution. This Philadelphia area trio was so anti-Union and anti-Communist that they would do almost anything to prevent strikes from interrupting their business operations including hiring strike-busting goons like Anastase Vonsiatsky from Putnam/Killingly Connecticut, the associate of Wickliffe Draper from nearby Hopedale, MA. Schapiro, Linnenbank and McGuinness were all from Baltimore and worked with Ulius Amoss apparently, according to a well respected poster on this site, and a few little known CIA bagmen who funneled cash to various parts of the globe to protect vital U.S. interests whenever outright wars could not be started to intervene wherever necessary. Amoss died in 1961 but his part of the operation was taken over by Ray S. Cline of the CIA and later head of The World Anti-Communist League. Clendenin J. Ryan was a big money provider whenever other clandestine or legitimate money sources could not be found for various critical anti-Communist projects. Ryan's son was the roommate of Doug Caddy at Georgetown, who helped start YAF with William F. Buckley, Jr. By 1963, JFK himself became generally perceived as a threat to National Security and these unique proprietaries mustered their forces to eliminate that threat. While Schapiro, McGuiness and Linnenbank were not necessarily anti-Kennedy, anarchistic or non-Patriotic, they apparently permitted their money laundering vehicles, and their bagmen to organize and fund the murder of JFK. It is also possible that the people who carried out the funding and the organizing of the assassination of JFK were rogues and renegades acting on their own with a profit motive, utilizing all the mechanisms put into place by people like Clendenin Ryan, Uliuss Amoss, Ray S. Cline and Morris Schapiro and his associates. At this time I am unable to determine conclusively whether they were all card carrying CIA agents and/or Army Intel types with Soc Sec Numbers from Washington, DC or if they were just money seeking opportunists who had access to The Bank of Maryland and the money laundered through Baldt Anchor and Chain and The Baltimore Metals Processing Company. Robert Maxwell from the Bank of Maryland confirmed for me that this is exactly the same method used to fund the Iran-Contra operations and the procurement of arms and munitions. The same companies, the same people and the same methodologies. Any input on Messrs. Schapiro, Linnenbank and McGuiness would be greatly appreciated. Is it about time that someone asks their Congressmen to close these loopholes forever and eliminate this funds flow as a source of strategic but highly illegal and immoral foreign policy enforcement?

The Council for National Policy leaders included Nelson Bunker Hunt, Edwin Meese III, Pat Robertson, Thomas Ellis, Alton Ochsner, Sr., Tim LaHaye and a few others. Some of these guys have extensive experience in the demise of JFK. Google CNP spelled out and see what you find.

It just struck me that Maj. Gen. Charles A. Willoughby, who was in charge of the Army Air Corps Pacific Fleet did nothing to stop the attack on Pearl Harbor when that was his job. Then he did nothing to prevent what has been called "The 2nd Pearl Harbor" when the returning Japanese Zeroes bombed the U.S. Army Air Corps planes sitting in close quarters on the Philippines, then he later arranged for the convenient start of the Korean War in order to profit from soybeans according to Prof. Bruce Cumings. But this leads to another cascading and interlocking sequence of events over the next 30 years which included: As stated, first Willoughby, Vonsiatsky and Draper tried to sink America's chances for victory in World War II during Pearl Harbor, then Willoughby staged the incident leading to the onset of The Korean War while profiting immensely from his positions in the Soybean Futures market, next Willoughby tried to force MacArthur to cross the Yalu River into Communist China during the Korean War in order to start World War III with China, next the same trio conspired to kill JFK and tried to turn that incident into World War III by blaming the murder on Castro in Cuba and/or Khrushchev in Russia. And then when that failed they facilitated the escalation of the Viet Nam War into a major conflagration in an attempt to trigger World War III with Soviet Russia, while profiting immensely from their investments in Rockwell Standard, Sun Oil Company and Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock, Baldwin Locomotive, The Draper Company, Baldt Anchor and Chain and other companies financed or owned by C. Donald Linnenbank, Morris Schapiro and Edgar McGuinness of the CIA via The Boston Metals Processing Company via The Bank of Maryland. Later this same CIA trio provided the funding for the Iran-Contra arms purchases in Nicaragua also using The Bank of Maryland. The irony is that Baldt Anchor and Chain made the anchor attached to the U.S.S. Arizona which was sunk by Willoughby and Vonsiatsky during Pearl Harbor, then this duo tried to "sink" the USA once again during the Korean War and later during the Viet Nam War using Baldt Anchor and Chain as the vehicle for this assault on Democracy when it was owned and run by McGuiness, Schapiro and Linnenbank. What a country! With bastidges like these allegedly working "for" our country who needs enemies?

Forgot to mention that Rockwell Standard who later bought out Draper Company after they made usurious profits from the Viet Nam War, courtesy of Wickliffe Draper and Anastase Vonsiatsky plus the Dallas petroleum geologists, was also located in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh I think it was. So here you had a bunch of companies in the Pittsburgh-Philadelphia areas, mostly tied together by the presence of Morris Schapiro and Edgar McGuiness on the Board of Directors, in dire need of a war or other conflagration to save their otherwise floundering and failing businesses. Baldwin Locomotive made both tanks and ship propellers during World War II, Baldt Anchor and Chain was a major U.S. Navy contractor, Sun Shipbuilding of course was one of the largest shipbuilders and dry dock operators in the world who had also provided millions of gallons of oil during World War II, the Korean War and later the Viet Nam conflict to the U.S. military, Rockwell Standard (Rockwell International) was one of the major U.S. Military contractors who made the Tomahawk and the Minuteman missiles among other armaments during the Viet Nam conflict. And Draper Company profited whenever one of its mill owners sold either blankets, textiles, uniforms, tents, towels or bandages to the U.S. military. What a parlay that was. Most of these companies went out of business during the 1970's as the Viet Nam war wound down but they made hay while the Sun shined during the Viet Nam conflagration. When they needed more business they turned once again to The Boston Metals Processing Company in the 1980's to fund the Iran-Contra operations. And I am sure that remnants of these same companies or their successors are still profiting from the various Gulf Wars as required. And that's the way it was. Were you there?

What do you get when you combine Baldwin Locomotive where Anastase Vonsiatsky found his first job working as a strike busting goon, with Sun Shipbuilding near Philadelphia which was owned by J. Howard Pew who employed all sorts of White Russian ex-Czarist oil petroleum geologists like Igor Voshinin (Marina's "translator") and Ilya Mamantov and maybe even George de Mohrenschildt at Sun Oil Corp. with the machinations of The Boston Metals Processing Company in Baltimore, MD which was named by Robert Maxwell, former trust officer at The Bank of Maryland as the primary money source for the Iran-Contra arms funding operations? Answer: The JFK Conundrum Trifecta Payoff Thank you for playing. Does anybody recognize anyone else in this article as being connected with any other government agencies? HISTORY OF BALDT ANCHOR AND CHAIN (1901- 1975) PREFACE The history of Baldt, 1901-1975, by Fred C. Perry, in retrospect was written during one of the high points of the company's history. No one could have foreseen the collapse of the offshore oil industry, the U.S. Navy's decision to abandon DiLok chain and for elements within the Navy to seek worldwide competition for its mooring equipment needs--not to mention the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end to the Cold War. Moreover, no one could have foreseen the company being purchased and sold three times in the intervening years between 1975 and 1992, and the turmoil associated with those transactions. Baldt, is at present writing it's history one day at a time. I am reminded of a story told by Benjamin Franklin after the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Franklin spoke of a chair in the convention hall that had a picture of the sun carved into its back. He told friends that when he looked at the carving during the course of the convention he was unsure as to whether the sun was rising or setting. When the convention had satisfactorily concluded. Franklin reported that the sun was indeed rising! For those of us who are presently striving to make Baldt a success, our task is like that of Benjamin Franklin, to see to it that the sun rises on Baldt. The history of Baldt, Inc. is in the process of being updated. Nonetheless I wanted to share Mr. Perry's work with you and to express our thanks and appreciation for his diligent efforts. I would also like to take this opportunity to encourage everyone to read appendix A "The History of Anchor Chain", and appendix B "The History of The Marine Anchor". Sincerely Baldt, Inc. Glenn S. Suplee President September, 27, 1993 FOREWORD A history of any company is founded in the roots of the man who conceived an idea. This man was Frederick Baldt, inventor of the Baldt Stockless Anchor. To know the story of Baldt Anchor & Chain Division of Baldt Corporation you must know about this man and his achievements for his idea resulted in the company we know today. In 1976 Baldt will celebrate its 75th year both as a company and as a Chester Industry. Since its inception Baldt has been in the business of designing, manufacturing and marketing anchors and chain for the commercial shipping industry and the U.S. Navy. During World War II, the company grew rapidly to meet the demands of the war. Following the Korean conflict, Baldt reverted to the status of a small domestically oriented producer of chain, anchors and related hardware. The demand for its products declined sharply in the fifties and sixties with the eventual result that Baldt alone survived as the sole United States source for its product line. In the early 1970's, offshore oil drilling emerged as a new industry. With it came the demand for massive mooring systems to hold various types of floating drill rigs in place throughout the world. Baldt responded to this new demand. Over the past four years, the company has grown rapidly. Today Baldt services customers world wide. Our years of expertise and technology have placed Baldt in the forefront as a world supplier of anchoring and mooring systems. I have found my research into this historical compilation of man and company fascinating and I am pleased to share it with the reader. Care has been exerted to assure accuracy of statements and detailed facts. Errors, if any, are deeply regretted and I request only that the reader keep in mind the difficulties of the task which was set in attempting to recapture the story of the past seventy five years. Fred C. Perry Baldt Chain Helps Make History "Working in steel and iron has always been held to be one of the noblest of crafts. Even the ancient Gods held it in honor. Thor, of the Norsemen, and Vulcan, of the Romans, to name only two, were blacksmiths, forgers. And so on down the ages, through the craftsmen that made the famed Toledo blades of the Middle Ages down to the present Age of Steel. And always romance has gone hand in hand with steel. Far ports, battles, forays, experiences of the adventurers who carried with them the products of the workers in iron and steel. And so it is in these days with our own chain. Think of the stories that one of our shots of chain could tell if it could talk. Tales of far ports...Tahiti, Zamboango, Rangoon, Hawaii, and many others---the names of which make the wanderer's feet itch. Tales of bloody battles, bitterly fought beachheads, cargoes delivered to unheard of harbors for the use of our far-flung troops. Yes, there's romance and adventure in our chain, as well as, long hours of sweat and toil--honest, painstaking labor and teamwork--all of which goes to make our chain the best in the world." [baldt DiLok Flashings, March, 1945] BALDT, INC. CORPORATE HISTORY (1901-1975) The Frederick Baldt interests and trade name were acquired by the Baldt Anchor Company, which was chartered under the laws of New Jersey on February 2. 1901. Location of the principal office was at 138 South Broad Street, Woodbury, New Jersey. The mailing address was: Cambridge Building, Fifth and Market Streets, Chester, Pa. Incorporators were: William L. Gelston, Chester, Pa. (999 shares); Walter S. Bickley, Chester, Pa., (999 shares); and David O. Watkins, Woodbury, New Jersey (2 shares). Total authorized capital stock of the Corporation was one hundred thousand dollars, divided into two thousand shares of a par value of fifty dollars each. The first Board of Directors meeting, was held in Woodbury, New Jersey, February 9, 1901. Company officers were: Walter S. Bickley, President; Richard J. Bennett, Vice President; Milton H. Bickley, Treasurer [an associate of Frederick Baldt at Penn Steel Castings Co.], and Norris D. Powell, Secretary. The Company was formed to "manufacture, buy, sell, deal in and deal with steel or iron or both and all like or kindred products". Their first product was the "Baldt Patent Stockless Anchor" patented by Frederick Baldt, October 27, 1896. Anchors were produced by the Penn Steel Castings Company. As of this writing, the plant is located on a two and one half acre site consisting of approximately 69,000 square feet of shelter space and approximately 42,00 square feet of unsheltered space. Most of the real estate, land and buildings, then existing, were acquired by Norris D. Powell from Joseph H. Hinkson, attorney for Johnston Railroad Frog & Switch Company. The deed is dated April 14, 1913 for a sale price of $32,500. Walter S. Bickley sold out his interest and the following purchased stock: Edward A. Hall, John D. Roney, Morris Schapiro, Fred M. Smith and Booz Brothers. These stockholders owned stock equally in Baldt Anchor Co. and Boston Iron & Metal Co. of Baltimore, Maryland. The Company officers were: Norris D. Powell, President; Richard J. Bennett, Vice President; Milton H. Bickley, Treasurer and Edward A. Hall, Secretary. The Die Room and Machine Shop are the oldest buildings on the property. It is said a contractor, with offices in the Union Hall, used the Die Room as a horse stable and the Machine Shop for a wagon and repair house. The ramp between the shops was used to transport horses to the wagon house. Windows, on the storeroom side of the Machine Shop, overlooked a large field. Johnston Railroad Frog & Switch Company built the Anchor Shop [used as a foundry], Old Forge Shop [used to finish castings] and the Boiler Room [coal fired]. The pattern house was in the new Forge Shop area with the main gate to the plant next to the compressor. It is thought that the corner office building was also constructed in this era. In 1917 Messrs. Roney, Schapiro, Smith and Booz Brothers sold out to the remaining four: namely, Messrs. Powell, Bennett, Bickley and Hall. During these years, fire welded wrought iron anchor chain was universally standard and was manufactured at the plant. There is no positive record when Baldt Anchor Company started to make chain. It is believed, however, that World War I brought on a heavy demand for anchor chain. The Company proceeded to acquire equipment, personnel and know-how, but before making any large quantities of chain the war ended and the demand for chain declined. 1920-1940 Austere Times The Company's name was changed to Baldt Anchor and Chain Company on October 21, 1920. On May 1, 1921, it was incorporated and a $300,000 eight percent gold bond issue was promoted. These bonds soon defaulted for interest due resulting in receivership and bankruptcy on June 15, 1922. The Receiver, Richard Wetherill, continued to operate the plant in a very small way. Eventually, on November 12, 1924, the land, buildings, machinery and inventory were offered for sale at public auction. Details of this sale are not available, however, it is known that Messrs. Roney and Schapiro of Baltimore, Maryland, bought the inventory from the Receiver at private sale and later acquired the remainder of the property in the same manner. Under the ownership of Roney and Schapiro, with J. Hillard Powell as General Manager, the plant continued to operate making anchors and fire welded wrought iron chain. During this period an agreement was consummated on March 14, 1925, with Messrs. Reid, Lutts & Leahy, owner of the DiLok chain patent. This gave the Company sole commercial license to manufacture and sell DiLok chain and detachable chain connecting links on a royalty basis. In 1926, the Company name was changed again to Baldt Anchor, Chain and Forge Corporation. DiLok chain was no panacea for the company, for it took several years to develop the process and tooling to make the product. Baldt employees, Gilbert Statts (Marine Engineer) and Joe Fedland (Die Room & Forge Shop Foreman) were two of the men responsible for developing the manufacturing techniques with C. G. Lutts (U. S. N. Retired) acting in an advisory capacity. In 1928, the U.S. Navy, convinced of Dilok superiority, accepted it as their standard and the company made DiLok chain on a limited experimental basis in sizes of 5/8 to I". Fire welded chain continued as the plant's major chain product. In the November 1928 issue of "Marine Engineering & Shipping Age", Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge Corp. announced a new product; a detachable link for stud link chain. The advertisement stated: "After years of experimenting we are offering to the Trade, a detachable link with a strength more than double that required for ordinary chain. It is made of steel, drop forged, and will pull 125,000 pounds per square inch". The first announcement of DiLok chain was made a year later in the same magazine. The crash of 1929 did affect the Company, but they continued with 48 to 50 employees, to make anchors, chain and forgings. Typical wages, in this era, were: Laborer, 30 cents per hour; Drill Press Operator, 45 cents per hour; and Tool Maker, 60 cents per hour. Generally speaking business was good, but it was not uncommon for employees to work a 3 or 4 day week with salaried employees acting as plant watchmen during the off days and weekends. During the early 1930's the company made quantities of specialized forgings, i.e., rings, valve bodies, pipe crosses, pipe flanges, etc. A March 1933 brochure advertised heat and corrosion resisting forgings by Baldt for process and power uses. "If it can be forged, Baldt makes it". Around 1934 DiLok chain orders increased with contract awards from the Navy. DiLok chain making crews worked by contract. When a chain order was received steel was ordered. The crew was called in to unload material when it arrived at the plant. After unloading they proceeded to cut the material and make the chain for approximately 40 cents per hour! When the chain order was completed the crew was laid off until the next order was received. On April 9, 1935, Edgar J., McGuiness came from Baltimore, Maryland, to become Secretary-Director of Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge Corporation. In 1938 Baldt manufactured, on the old 2500 hammer [Joe Boyd, Chainmaker], one continuous 4200 ft. length of l" DiLok chain used by the vessel "Lord Kelvin" to lay the international cable between Ireland and the United States. When the chain arrived at the Irish coast to begin laying the cable, it was discovered that an additional 1800 ft. of chain was required which Baldt supplied. It was necessary for the Kelvin to plow a furrow on the ocean floor for a distance east of the Irish coast to prevent fishing trawlers dragging the bottom from fouling the cable. Baldt's DiLok chain with the plow attached was fed from the stern of the "Lord Kelvin" and plowed a furrow with Western Union Company's international cable played out simultaneously. On November 29, 1940, E. J. McGuiness became General Manager of the Company and on December 31, 1940, Mr. Roney disposed of his interest to Mr. Schapiro. Simultaneously Mr. Schapiro assigned his interest to his wife and four children equally. He surrendered the corporate charter and operated as a partnership as Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge Company under Fictitious Name Act, April 5, 1941. 1940-1945---World War II Manufacture of Chain, Anchors & Forgings continued at a modest rate until, in 1940, the United States Government entered into an agreement with the United Kingdom to acquire U.S. bases in the Bermuda and Caribbean areas. The United States made fifty destroyers available to the United Kingdom in exchange for the bases and Baldt acquired the contract to manufacture DiLok chain for the four stack destroyers. From then on and especially with our nation's entrance into World War II, in December, 1941, manufacturing activity increased tremendously. Significantly, Local 48, Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America was chartered August 22, 1941 to represent Baldt's hourly workers. World War II required great amounts of ground tackle for use on fighting ships of all sizes. The requirements for anchors, chain and connections reached an all time volume in the history of the United States. It was not uncommon for Baldt Anchor to be awarded government supply contracts, both by the Navy and U.S. Maritime Commission, covering as many as 3000 anchors in a single contract. Demands for landing crafts [(LST's] anchors and chain was tremendous... likewise the Maritime Commission with the construction of Liberty, Victory ships and T-2 tankers. What did this do with Baldt's employment level? The plant worked 24 hour 1 day schedules and reached a peak male and female employment of 752 during the war. During 1942 and early 1943, the Government assisted in the expansion of Baldt's physical property and manufacturing facilities. The New Forge Shop was constructed and new facilities installed included the 4000 and 6000 Chambersburg hammers, 8000 Erie hammer, 8000 Combination hammer, [the name was derived from the combination of Baldt engineered and spare hammer parts used to construct it], 3000 DiLok assembly hammer, 1000 hammer, and several 2500 pound hammers. Related upsetters [forging machines] were acquired along with Bliss trimming presses, overhead bridge cranes, Marvel stock saws, etc. This expansion also affected the office building. Space was at a premium, so the company leased the third floor of the Delaware County National Bank Building at 4th and Market Streets, Chester, to house the complete Accounting Department. It is interesting to note that in 1944, Chester's industrial output ranked third of all Pennsylvania cities, exceeded only by Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, with a yearly output conservatively estimated at $400,000,000. Baldt certainly was a major contributor to this effort. Excerpts from the monthly company paper "Baldt DiLok Flashings" [first issued July 1944] will inform the reader of the employees' effort. June 1945 Workers of the Month "Congratulations are in order to the boys on Unit No. 18 [New 1500 lb. hammer]. They have established a record for efficient production of 1-1/4" to Males that will be hard to beat. On April 4th, a new die was started and by May 12th the impressions were "washed out" necessitating its removal after a total of 60,173 male links had been made. This is an average per working day of 2507 links. This is an example of what can be done when ability is coupled with team work. An observer of any of the three gages on Unit No. 18 will witness a smooth working combination, with no lost motion and maximum efficiency that really "goes to town." Efficiency in the Forge Shop is of no value without good tools and the Die Room boys should take a bow for this excellent set of dies. And, in turn, Horace Howarth, Perry Ranalli and Henry Stewart, et al, should get credit for the condition in which they maintained the dies throughout this record run. It is important to note that the finest set of dies can be ruined in a few minutes by careless or reckless operation of a hammer. Careful and correct setup and continual observation and maintenance of match tip and key tightness while in operation are absolutely necessary to establish a record production or even to maintain average production. The operation of the hammer and-die is primarily the responsibility of the forger, but not the least in importance is the heating of the raw steel. A soft, mellow heat is a deciding factor in prolonging the life of a die and in the quality of the finished chain and the three heaters; Alfred Logan, Talmage Brawer and Dillwyn Moor are to be commended. July 1945 Workers of the Month The 8000 lb. Morgan Assembly Unit crews are deserving of special attention for their production efforts during the month of May. In 27 working days they produced a total of 201 shots of 2 5/16" DiLok chain for an average of 7.4 fifteen fathom shots per day. The month's production was equivalent to 18,090 ft. or nearly 31/2 miles of chain. The weight of the finished chain 946,710 Ibs. or 473 1/2 tons . Production records for May indicate a very consistent job. On only two days did production drop below 4 1/2 shots; the 8th, V-E Day, and the 14th when two chain makers reported off sick. It is interesting to note that these same crews established an additional fine mark during May; one that contributed immeasurably toward their fine job of production, a low rate of absenteeism. Their rate of unexcused absenteeism was but 30 of the rate for the Forge Shop as a whole. Certainly, without this record, production could not have been maintained at a high level. During the month, thirteen members of the three crews of twenty four were on hand every day and seven were absent but one day. The 2 5/16 " DiLok chain produced during May was shipped to the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co. for installation aboard the T-2 Tankers under construction there. The complement of chain for each tanker includes 18 fifteen fathom shots, 26 Detachable Links to connect the chain, 4 Oval Links for inboard connections, 2 five link pieces of chain and 3 swivels. The five link pieces are used between the swivels and the Pear Shaped Links attached to the anchor shackles. The chain, before shipment, was proof tested to 425,000 lbs. and is capable of standing a minimum break strain of 643,000 lbs. For this month "Baldt DiLok Flashings" salutes the men of the Morgan unit. The workers were also proud of the ships that carried Baldt products. Note the story of the "Patrick Henry": FIRST LIBERTY SHIP STILL IN WAR SERVICE - "The "Patrick Henry", the first liberty ship built and the forerunner of a great fleet of liberty ships is still carrying war cargoes despite enemy action. The "Patrick Henry" is rounding out four years of continuous service, its keel having been laid April 30, 1941 and hull launched September 27, 1941. Delivered shortly after Pearl Harbor Day, the "Patrick Henry" has been in continuous operation, traversing 90,000 miles of blue water and carrying 110,000 tons of war cargo. She has travelled to all war theatres except the Asiatic. During the last year her war service has taken her to Takorado, West Africa, Freetown, Dakar, Gibraltar, Leghorn, Naples and Oran. Not long ago, she completed her eighth voyage home. Numerous attempts have been made from the air and undersea to sink the "Patrick Henry", but all have failed. While on the convoy run to Murmansk, Russia, she was the target of sustained attach by bombers and U-boats, but escaped. Later, off North Africa, she suffered minor damage from bomb explosions-and machine gun bullets. The "Patrick Henry" is equipped with Baldt Stockless Anchors and DiLok Forged Steel Anchor Chain. The anchors were shipped from the plant on August 12, 1941, and the chain shipped on September 3, 1941. Sixteen 15 fathom shots or 1440 ft. of 2-1/16" DiLok chain and two anchors of 8400 Ibs. each one anchor of 3185 Ibs. make up the Baldt equipment on the "Patrick Henry." During the war approximately 40 of the work force was female. They worked in the Forge, Machine and Die Shops with classifications of Crane Operator, Hammer Operator, Machine Operator, Die Finishers, etc. Females were necessary to provide replacements for male members inducted into military service. So, Baldt was heavily involved in the war effort from a manufacturing and service standpoint. Manufacturing level in 1945 started to drop off with 550 employed in March. Following the cessation of war with Japan on August 15, 1945, [the plant took a holiday!] contracts were cancelled and in late September the employment level dropped to 206. On September 1, 1945, Mr. Schapiro dissolved his family partnership and the entire business, with facilities, became Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge Division of Boston Metals Company after acquisition by that company. E. J. McGuiness was appointed Vice President Director of the Division. When the war ended, Baldt and the Federal Government entered into a National Security Covenant Agreement, which required Baldt to maintain government owned facilities [primarily the new Forge Shop] in an operable condition should a National Emergency develop. Not all the facilities installed with Government cooperation in 1942-43 were covered by this agreement and the government did remove overhead cranes and saws at the conclusion of the war. The hammers, presses and upsetters were retained because of the great expense required to unearth the anvils and foundations of that machinery. The agreement covered two five year periods and equipment condition was substantiated by quarterly inspections by uniformed Naval officers. At the end of the ten year period the company purchased these remaining facilities. On December 10, 1945, the company was awarded the United States Navy Certificate of Achievement, "In Recognition of Exceptional Accomplishment in Behalf of the United States Navy and of Meritorious Contribution to the National War Effort". 1945-1950--Post War Era In the rush to complete Liberty ships and T-2 Tankers, for the war effort, only half a complement of chain, attachments and anchors was made for some ships and the company received government orders to complete those ship sets. After this work was completed in 1948, manufacturing activity steadily declined to a point in 1950 when only 92 were employed. During this period, buying and selling of war surplus chain, anchors, etc. became an integral part of the company's business and continues to a limited extent today. 1950-1955--Korean War Era On June 25, 1950, tank led troops of the North Korean regime began an invasion of South Korea. The U.N. Security Council called upon U.N. members to assist the Republic of Korea in repelling the attack and the U.S. Air and Naval units and later, Ground Forces entered the battle in July. Again, Baldt was called upon to supply ship sets for all types of Naval and Merchant ships to support the Korean war effort. Employment increased, to 247 and then to 298 in 1954. The Korean Armistice was signed July 26, 1953, but with new ship construction remaining at a heavy pace, the demand for Baldt products continued to keep our manufacturing activity at a stable level. The office building was enlarged in June 1951 with the addition of several large rooms both south and west of the original structure. Perhaps the most significant and influential order the company received was from Humble Oil Company for more than 25 miles of 2" DiLok chain produced during 1954 through 1956. This was indeed the forerunner of the offshore drilling program we know today. 1955---Johnson-Farmer In May 1955, the Company acquired the business and physical assets of Johnson-Farmer Chain Co., in Lebanon, Pa. from Mrs. Marie Johnson, Vera Farmer and Arthur Farmer. It was operated as a Baldt subsidiary under the direction of Arthur Farmer. Their main product was fire welded wrought iron chain and under Baldt's ownership they produced flash butt welded bouy chain on Myer, Roth and Pastor equipment. Johnson-Farmer Chain Co. was sold October 16, 1973 to Roger L. Gower of Canadian Chains, Inc., Skowhogan, Maine. 1955---Fieldsboro Plant. When J. Hillard Powell completed his tenure at Baldt, he purchased the Continental Chain Co. in Fieldsboro, New Jersey and operated the business as American Anchor and Chain Co. In 1955, the business was purchased by the Boston Metals Co. at Sheriff Sale and today is known as Baldt Anchor and Chain Division of Baldt Corp. Fieldsboro Plant. Fieldsboro, as it is commonly known, was first operated under the direction of works manager Harry Landaur and produce forgings [hammers, horseshoes], submerged arc welded chain [the Unionmelt process] and aluminum bronze marine hardware castings for the Navy minesweeper program. Today, most of the machinery is gone (hammers, presses and furnaces) and the facility is used for testing and storage of new and used surplus anchors and chain. Fieldsboro is located along the Delaware River south of Bordentown, N. J. 1955-1970--Era of Corporate Change Two chain making machines were purchased from Esab, Goteborg, Sweden in 1956. These chain making plants, now known as #6 and #8 Asea machines, gave the company capability for making flash butt-welded stud link chain. The #6 unit, chain size 3/4" to 2", started production in February 1958. The #8 Unit, chain size 2" to 4-1/4", started production in August 1958. These machines enabled the company to establish a new, competitive product line for dependable moorings and ship anchorages, offering our customers chain that can be manufactured from fine grained alloy steel under a rigorous quality control system to meet requirements of applicable testing societies. To give the United States Merchant Fleet status as a world leader, tremendous new ship construction activity took place between 1955 and 1970. Baldt produced the majority of anchors, chain, hardware, and replacement materials required for the hundreds of new ship hulls under construction. This activity stabilized our employment level at an average of 290. Business was not without incidence however; there were five wildcat walkouts and five strikes in this period. Probably the most damaging lasted 8 weeks and 1 year from December 14, 1959 thru February 8, 1960. On February 7, 1966, the company was sold by Boston Metals Co. to Universal Marion Corp. of Jacksonville, Florida and became Baldt Anchor, Chain and Forge Division of Universal Marion Corp. Universal Marion President, James Mullaney said the purchase was part of the Corporation's program of acquiring new companies in diversified fields of operations. Edgar J. McGuiness, who was Boston Metals Vice President and Baldt Anchor Operating Manager, was named Universal Marion Vice President and continued in his post with Baldt. C.D. Linnenbank, who was Boston Metals Assistant Secretary and Baldt Anchor General Manager was elected Assistant Secretary of Universal Marion and continued in his Baldt Anchor position. The Board of Directors of the Boston Metals Co. unanimously adopted a resolution expressing its sincere appreciation for the efforts of all Baldt employees during the period of association: "Resolved: That the Board of Directors of the Boston Metals Co. express in its records its sincere and grateful appreciation for the work, effort, devotion and loyalty of all the employees of its Baldt Division during all the years of its ownership by the Boston Metals Co. which contributed so greatly to the success of the operation of the Baldt Division during that period." /Signed/ Morris Schapiro Chairman of the Board Typical headlines, in 1967 and 1968 from the "Chester Times" declared: "Local Firm Gets Contract" "Baldt Gets $84,413 job" "Baldt Awarded $77,860 job" "Contract Awarded to Local Firm" These contracts and awards came from Defense Supply, Center (DISC), Philadelphia, an arm of the Department of Defense. Many government contracts were obtained by the company in this period, for the U.S. was involved in the early stages of the Vietnam War. Naturally, these procurements were for anchors, chain and hardware. 1968--Baldt Corporation. Decorated Metal Manufacturing Co., Inc. [The Company] was organized as a Delaware Corporation on May 21, 1965 and until October 1968, it had no active business operations. Since that time it acquired the separate businesses and assets of two established companies which are presently operated as divisions of the company. John A. Moran was Chairman and Mark J. O'Friel, President of the Company. On October 2, 1968, the Company acquired all the assets of the Decorated Metal division by transfer from Dyson-Kissner, then the Company's sole stockholder, as a contribution to capital and retained earnings. Upon the merger described below, Dyson-Kissner received 431,200 shares of the Common Stock of the Company. That division, which through its predecessors has been in continuous operation since 1907, was acquired by Dyson-Kissner in 1965 from an unrelated party. On February 5, 1969, a company then known as Baldt Corporation ["Old Baldt"] was merged into the Company and the Company's name was changed to Baldt Corporation. Old Baldt was organized on November 6, 1968 as a Delaware corporation and, on December 19, 1968, acquired substantially all of the assets of the Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge Division of Universal Marion Corp. for $10,731,654 in cash. E. J. McGuiness became Managing Director and C. D. Linnenbank, General Manager of Baldt Anchor & Chain Division of Baldt Corporation, which is our identity today. Edgar J. McGuiness retired December 30, 1969 after 35 years service and C. D. Linnenbank became President of the Division. With the Vietnam War winding down, new ship construction and government contracts came to a virtual stand still and Baldt found itself with a business recession On the last day of December, 1970, the work force was reduced to 189 employees. 1970 to 1975- -- Offshore Drilling Era Since 1954, Baldt has been supplying anchors, chain and hardware to the Offshore Oil Drilling industry, but in mid-1971, the Company received its largest order from Sedco, Inc., Dallas, Texas for forty miles of 3" oil rig quality stud link chain. The Company expended $100,000 for new machinery and rearrangements to make this product, and chain production started, on the first 500 foot length, in March 1972 on the #8 Asea machine. The Sedco order was for five of their 700 series semi-submersible oil drilling rigs destined for the North Sea. A typical complement of Baldt products for one rig consisted of: 8- 30,000 Ib. lightweight anchors 64- 500 ft. lengths of 3" chain 8- 30 foot lengths of 3" chain 115- 3" detachable kenter links 16- End link for 3" chain 9- 3-1/2" D. Type anchor shackles 9- 3" safety shackles 9- Jaw and jaw swivel shackles With this order and subsequent orders, the trend of business changed from predominately Government, ship Construction contracts to the Offshore Drilling Industry. On August 1, 1974, C. Donald Linnenbank retired after 37 year's service and A. Stephen Marzo, who started with the Company, November 10, 1972 as Chairman, replaced Linnenbank as President of the Division. FREDERICK BALDT'S OTHER COMPANY AFFILIATIONS CHESTER STEEL CASTINGS COMPANY CO., Chester, Pa. Founded 1872 The McHaffie Direct Steel Castings Co. was reincorporated into the Chester Steel Castings Company in 1872 and a new industry was born in Chester, Pa. The Company started to produce in September 1871 and it became very successful under Frederick Baldt who was placed in charge in January 1871. The new organization was owned by Mr. Edmund P. Dwight and others. The management was under the direction of Mr. John. J. Deemer until about 1900 when he was succeeded by a number other managers, who generally left after a few years to become managing operators or owners of other steel foundries in Chester and other parts of the State. At one time, Chester had seven steel foundries, more or less a direct outgrowth of the Chester Steel Castings Company. Many changes in management took place until 1912, when Mr. William T. Dunning, who had been with the company since 1898, was placed in charge. He carried on through the first World War and under his supervision many steel castings were made for the Government. The company also did considerable work for railroads during this period. The McHaffie Foundry continued to operate and it was very successful, but because of the time required for delivery by this process, a great deal of business was lost to various crucible and converter plants that had been put into operation. With this condition facing the new owner, Mr. Edmund Waterman Dwight, son of Edmund P. Dwight decided to discontinue operations in 1921. So after 52 years or more of continuous and successful operation, the Chester Steel Castings Company, which had been a school and a base of experience for a number of managing operators executives and owners of various other plants closed its gates. In the History of Delaware County (1894) the editor Henry Graham Ashmead says of the Chester Steel Castings Company: "This company was organized in 1870, and in 1871 erected at Sixth and Norris Streets a foundry two hundred feet in length by fifty feet in width and other buildings covering an area of two hundred and fifty square feet. The machinery consists of two engines and three boilers, a heating furnace and several annealing furnaces. The works were at first under the charge of Samuel Archibald, President of the company, assisted by Mr. McHaffie, a native of Glasgow, who was the patentee of a process of making steel, which this company was using. In 1894 one hundred hands were employed under the charge of John J. Deemer." In 1871 the company produced a maximum of 600 net tons of castings annually. Thirty years later, in 1901 this production was increased to 15,000 gross tons. EUREKA CAST STEEL COMPANY, Chester, Pa. Founded 1877 The works of this company are located on the corner of Broomall and Sixth Streets, South Ward, and were erected in 1877 and commenced operations in September of that year. The area of the works is embraced in the limits of two hundred and two feet on Broomall Street, and two hundred and eighty five feet on the line of the railroad. The building is of L shape, has a frontage on Broomall of one hundred, and thirty two feet, and the same extent is parallel with the Philadelphia Wilmington and Baltimore Railroads and in the narrowest part fifty feet wide. As it is divided, we may specify the main building as one storied, forty one feet over all in height; the machine shop, eighty feet long and twenty-five feet wide comprising the pattern safe. In the main building there are five furnaces, four for annealing purposes and one for heating. These are, on an average, eleven by eleven feet in dimensions. The cupola, where the metal is heated, is forty three feet in height, five feet in diameter, with a melting capacity of sixteen tons of iron. The planing machine, use in the finishing of the casts, is the best adapted for the purpose yet invented. The vertical engine that supplies the power needed was built by Jacob Naylor, of Philadelphia, is of twenty five horse power and is perfect and noiseless in its operations. It supplies the blastworks, the planing machine, drill press, rumblers, emery wheels, grindstones, elevator, etc. The smokestack, connected with the annealing and heating furnaces, is eighty five feet in height, five feet in diameter, and on the north side of the building. Steel castings are manufactured and one hundred persons are employed. The officers of the company are John A. Euirick, president; W. H. Dickson, secretary and treasurer; Frederick Baldt, superintendent, [1884]. "History of Delaware County Pennsylvania" by H. G. Ashmead. Incorporation records from the Department of State, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, reveals the following: That a Pennsylvania corporation entitled "Eureka Cast Steel Company of Chester" was incorporated February 28, 1877 with principal office at Chester, Pennsylvania for a term of one hundred years by the following incorporators: W.B. Rearry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania William W. Dukson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania H. B. Fance, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania John A. Emenck, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fred Baldt., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania That no proceedings in merger, sale or dissolution have subsequently been filed. THURLOW WORKS OF THE AMERICAN STEEL, FOUNDERS, Granite City, Illinois, Founded 1882 Situated in the center of a region rich in historic lore, where the landmarks, buildings and streams are so intimatly connected with our country's fight for freedom and the early days of the Republic, the employees of the Thurlow Works of the American Steel Foundries, located in the city of Chester, Pennsylvania are as proud of the history of the plant as they are of the locality's contribution to American history. Within a mile of the plant, William Penn, the founder of the great state of Pennsylvania, first set foot on America's shores. Within a radius of twenty miles the first steel castings made in this country, which were of value commercially, were poured in the plant of the Wm. Butcher Steel Works, later taken over and now a part of the Nicetown plant of the Midvale Steel & Ordnance Corporation. It is the proud claim, however, of the Thurlow Works that they produced the first acid open hearth steel castings manufactured in this country on a commercial scale. Built about 1882 for manufacturing castings from steel by the crucible process, the Thurlow Works, at that time called the Standard Steel Castings Company, was purchased in 1884 by Robert Wetherill and Associates. Robert Wetherill became president and general manager and Fred Baldt became superintendent. The most intricate work attempted in steel castings at that time was the making of small driving boxes and crossheads for locomotives. These were poured, as at present, in dry sand molds, but the plant was not equipped with such modern machinery as traveling cranes and, therefore, the molds were moved into and out of the drying ovens by hand. No flasks at that time were over four feet square. In order to pour the molds these were arranged in a circle around a jib crane and poured from the ladle held by the jib crane. There was cast in 1888 a six inch breech-loading rifle weighing approximately 11,000 lbs, this being the largest steel casting so far made in this country. The manufacture of this casting had been authorized by an Act of Congress during the preceding year. This cast steel rifle withstood a test of ten rounds under service charge, but with a slight increase in the diameter of the barrel. The size and intricacy of different castings made at Thurlow grew rapidly from that time on so that it can be truthfully said the Thurlow Works has been the pioneer producer of almost everything made of cast steel. Side frames, bolsters crossheads, rocker-arms and driving boxes all were made in quantity at Thurlow in the early days of their use. It was at Thurlow that the first cast steel locomotive frames were poured about 1893. The order for these frames, was taken by S. A. Watson, General Sales Agent, of the Standard Steel Castings Company, and the castings consisted of after frames for some Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Switching Engines. The first complete frames for a locomotive were made at Thurlow for an engine being built at the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia for the Delaware and Hudson Railroad. Thurlow is the home of the Dunn Stockless Anchor, this anchor being the invention of Admiral Dunn of the U.S. Navy. The output of Thurlow consisted of locomotive and mine castings, together with the larger industrial castings, namely, housing, cylinders, etc. In fact, when no other plant could make a casting, it was sent to Thurlow. In the early nineties, the Standard Steel Casting Company [Thurlow Works] became one of the plants of the American Steel Castings Co., the other plants of this concern being located in Alliance, Ohio; Pittsburgh, Franklin, Sharon and Norristown, Pennsylvania. Thurlow Works became the headquarters of this, the first combination of steel foundries in this country. In 1901, the American Steel Foundries was organized and Thurlow Works, with the other plants of the American Steel Castings Company was absorbed into present organization. The successive Managers of the Thurlow Works have been: Robert Wetherill, Daniel Eagan, Frederick Baldt, Samuel Wallace, J. Turner Moore, S. A. Watson, A.S. Blagden, John I. Reid, F. C. Henke, R. S. Munson. THE PENN STEEL CASTINGS COMPANY - Chester, Pa. Founded 1892 William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania, first touched the soil of his new domain at a spot now designated as Front and Penn Streets in Chester, A stone monument marks the spot. It was fitting and proper that a steel casting company located at Front and Penn Streets should adopt the name of Penn Steel Castings Company. The Company was incorporated on January 26, 1892. The original organizers were Samuel A. Crozer, George K. Crozer, Hugh Shaw, M. H. Bickley, H. B. Black, Fred K. Baldt, I. E. Cochran, Jr., P. P. Derrickson , Sarah C. Morion and W. B. Broomall. In 1908, the Company operated three 30 gross ton open hearth steel furnaces, two 2 ton Tropenas converters and one cupola. In that year, M. H. Bickley was President and George M. Booth was Secretary and Treasurer. The type of castings made were for use in shipbuilding, crusher and cement mills, presses, dredges, railways and miscellaneous castings. A small percentage of the production was for the use of the company in its own plant; the greater number were sold commercially. Castings made at Penn Steel ranged from l to 85,000 pounds. Three hundred and seventy five persons were employed and the foundry could produce 869 net tons per month. THE BALDT STEEL COMPANY - New Castle Common, New Castle. Delaware. Founded 1896 A weighty factor in attracting new industries to New Castle, Delaware, grew out of the standing offer of a community organization in that city which is still known as New Castle Common. This corporate body offered land and immunity from local taxes for a ten-year period to approved new industries that established their plants in New Castle. In some cases they offered a premium of $10,000 if the enterprises agreed, by contract, to employ a minimum of a fixed number of residents of New Castle. The Baldt Steel Co. works, dismantled in 1942, were established in Balton, Delaware, a suburb of New Castle. A brochure from the company states that "They were the sole manufacturer of the "admiral" improved stockless anchor manufactured under Frederick Baldt's latest patent". They also made castings for ships and locomotives. In 1906-1907 Baldt made many castings to rebuild structures which had been destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake. During World War 1, Baldt made 200,000 shells for Great Britain, 9.2 size. Frederick Baldt founded this company and gave each of his children 1000 shares of stock. Frederick, Jr. was President, John was Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. Baldt's son-in-law, Samuel S. Tomkins [married to Flora Baldt] was Manager. Mr. Baldt lost heavily on this enterprise. His son in law pilfered large sums of money and burned the books to cover the theft. He was jailed, but under great pressure from the family, Mr. Baldt had him released with the stipulation that he would leave Chester and never return. BIOGRAPHY FREDERICK BALDT [1841-1916] Frederick Baldt, a prominent man of affairs of Chester, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, comes of German stock, being descended through both his parents from ancestors who emigrated from the fatherland during the latter part of the eighteenth century. Frederick Baldt, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Germany and there receved his education, coming to America while yet a young man. He settled in Philadelphia, where he followed the occupation of a market gardener, in which he was remarkably successful becoming the owner of a considerable amount of property. He gave to the country of his adoption a devoted allegiance, serving in the army during the war of 1812. He married Christiana Wolfe and was the father of nine children. His death took place in his home in Philadelphia, about the year 1857, when he was eighty eight years of age. William Baldt, son of Frederick and Christiana (Wolfe) Baldt, was born in Philadelphia where he learned the trade of house carpenter, which he followed with great success during the most of his life. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Painter of Philadelphia. Mr. Painter was a native of Germany, whose arrival in the United States had been contemporaneous with that of Frederick Baldt, with whose career his own had possessed points of he having also engaged in market gardening, and served as a soldier during the war of 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Baldt were the parents of seven children: Christian, William, Henry, Mary, Anna, John and Frederick, the subject of this biography. Mrs. Baldt died in 1866 of cholera at the age of seventy one; and Mr. Baldt in 1883 at the age of eighty two, both expiring in their native city of Philadelphia. Frederick Baldt, son of William and Elizabeth [Painter] Baldt, was born June 17, 1841, in Philadelphia, and received his education in the public schools of that city where, on leaving school, he was apprenticed to the trade of molder in the Penn Works of Reaney, Neafie & Levy. Hr. Baldt acquired his trade with thoroughness and rapidity, bringing to it, as he did, previous preference and natural aptitude, enforced by intelligence and application. His knowledge of the business, which was theoretical as well as practical, was that in 1864, at age 23, he was entrusted with the management of the foundry which had then been recently established in Chester by Reaney. He remained in this position until 1870, when the foundry was sold to the late John Roach, the famous shipbuilder, for whom he acted for a brief period as manager, returning to Philadelphia in October 1870, for the purpose of taking charge of the People's Foundry. There he remained until January 1871, when he became resident of Chester being placed in charge of the Chester Steel Casting Company. These works had hitherto been unsuccessful in manufacturing steel castings but Mr. Baldt, was speedily successful in developing their possibilities in this direction, causing them to produce standard steel, and rendering then financially flourishing. In 1875 Mr. Baldt organized the Eureka Cast Steel Company of Chester, of which he was elected general manager, in which position he remained until March 1886, during which time the company became one of the most prosperous and scientifically conducted establishments of the kind in the state. By this time Mr. Baldt's abilities in his chosen calling were so well known and so universally recognized that when Standard Steel Company of Thurlow, Delaware County, failed in the manufacture of steel castings, he was solicited by the president of the company, Mr. Robert Wetherill, to take charge of its plant. This position he assumed in March 1886, and it was not long before the works had earned a national reputation by reason of the high class character of their manufactures. During his connection with this company Mr. Baldt made for the United States Government, the first 6" high pressure rifled cannon which had ever stood the required test, and these works also manufactured Baldt Steel for the government cruisers, including the hull and engine castings for the steamships, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newark, Petrel, Vesuvius, Maine, Texas, Birmingham and Concord, as well as part of the castings of the New York. The superiority of these castings to anything of the kind hitherto manufactured was universally acknowledged both in this country and in Europe. In January 1891, Mr. Baldt resigned his position and passed a year in Westover, Maryland, on a farm which he possessed where he raised harness racing horses. In 1892, he returned to Chester where he was instrumental in organizing the Penn Steel Castings and Machine Co. of which he was made General Manager. The company was in possession of one of the largest works of this kind in Pennsylvania, having bought the plant of the old Chester Foundry & Machine Company, which they have so enlarged and improved that in its accommodations and equipment, it is without a rival, possessing a capacity for producing the largest steel castings ever made or used in the world, the superiority of its manufactures being admitted on both continents, in his business career, Mr. Baldt has achieved a series of triumphs, and had earned for himself a place in the very highest rank of his profession, wherever, the world over, the possibilities of steel machinery are recognized . Mr. Baldt was married January 29, 1860 to Susan MacKinley, daughter of Archibald MacKinley. They had seven children, Anna, George, Elizabeth, Frederick Jr., Kate, John, and Flora. Mrs. Susan Baldt died in 1901, and in 1903 Mr. Baldt married Louise Graham. They had two sons, Carl and Frederick III. Frederick Baldt, Sr. died December 1, 1916 in his 76th year and is interred in Coatesville, Pa. He was a Mason of long standing, affiliated with Chester Lodge No. 236 F&AM [Historic Homes & Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Chester and Delaware Counties, Penna. Lewis Publishing Co. 1904]. REFLECTIONS OF FREDERICK BALDT TELL TALE SHOES Ted Birtwell, General Steel Castings Co. remembers Fred Baldt as a Thick set, broad shouldered man of genial countenance and a confident air. He was approximately five foot, seven inches tall. One item of memory records that the workers in the foundry watched the condition of the shoes worn by Baldt...if there was sand on the soles and instep it was a sign that a new heat was about to be poured. PRIOR ART VERSUS PATENT In his, chatty volume the Idyls of Old South Ward (1932), John E. McDonough relates many interesting tales drawn from the history of Chester, Pennsylvania and its surroundings. One of these accounts is entitled "Vulcan Baldt, referring to the great foundryman Frederick Baldt, Inventor of the Baldt Anchor and discoverer of many processes which improved the quality of steel castings. In 1895 a Pittsburgh steel casting concern warned the St. Louis Iron and Steel Foundry Company that it would be an infringement upon a patent which the Pittsburgh firm owned if the St. Louis people filled orders for a certain type of castings. In some way the Pittsburgh people had secured a patent for a process which was common knowledge and practice throughout the trade for several years prior to the granting of the patent. The St. Louis people, supported by many other companies which felt that they might be restricted in their operations if the patent were supported by the courts, claimed that they had the right of "prior art." General Benjamin Franklin Tracy, who had served as Secretary of the Navy in President Benjamin Harrison's cabinet, was one of the agents fighting for the rights of "prior art." Tracy and his associates set put to collect evidence that the practice in question had been in use before the Pittsburgh patent was granted. They met with no success until they interviewed Hugh McGettigan and Frederick Baldt, both of Chester. McGettigan revealed how he, as Baldt's assistant, had cast gun carriages and trunnions for the United States Navy and gave precise dates. He had employed the casting method in question and Tracy was quick to realize that these dates antedated the Pittsburgh patent by several years. Then Frederick Baldt clinched the case by telling the General that Baldt's own firm had sold castings to a Pittsburgh Company which were made by the process for which that company's successor now held a patent. The shipment of those castings was ten years before the patent letters were granted. Tracy declared that if Baldt had the foresight to patent his process by which he made steel castings he might have had the wealth of Croesus. Baldt replied, "Enough is enough." The Pittsburgh company lost the suit. MEMOIRS OF HONORABLE ALBERT DUTTON MACDADE Past President Judge, Common Pleas Court., Delaware Co. Pennsylvania. "When as a boy living in the old south ward, immortalized in a book written by the late president judge of the Orphans' Court of Delaware County, John E. McDonough entitled, Idyls of the Old South Ward, I used to play marbles in front of the frame office and in the rear thereof swam in old Lamokin Run, the dividing line between the city of Chester and the then borough of South Chester, and in which Run the water was clear as crystal, and came from ample springs adjacent thereto, and coursed its way through Lamokin Woods, the mecca of people who came miles about to conduct principally camp meetings. These woods contained nut trees, such as, hickory, chestnut and walnut, which, in the usual fashion of the old days, with an "iron" nut on a broom handle for a club, were the cynosure of youthful eyes to tackle and purloin to store up for winter use. One of my companions was a boy who subsequently became a governor (Sproul), who also liked to tackle a ripe [?] persimmon tree close by. While this narrative is more of a "steal" affair than the "steel" subject we started out to discuss yet it is interesting when one indulges in memories of the long, long ago when the enthusiasm of Youth was "on high." On many occasions I, have watched the molders [your outstanding Chesterites] work at their vocation at the above place and marvelled at their skill and efficiency. The flash of molten metal and the attendant sparks intrigued me, as naturally it does to most boys who enjoy a Fourth of July display of fireworks. I recall distinctly a broken emery wheel killing one of the employees. It knocked him brainless. I recall very vividly such persons as the Deemers, who later went to New Castle, Delaware, and President Dickson, the father of John T. Dickson, who recently died in Chester, and he was the old school gentleman, who wore, as most gentlemen in business and in the professions did in those halcyon days, when management and labor dwelled and worked together as brothers, a silk hat, tapering whiskers on the chin, and beneath the latter, their manly chests were adorned with a frock coat, a high collar and black scarf or tie. They always presented a manly, dignified and distinguished appearance. Just such a man as above described was John Roach, without whiskers however, the local shipbuilder, at whose plant the first "steel" vessels of the United States Navy were constructed under the administration of President Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio, and Secretary of the Navy, William E. Chandler, of New Hampshire, both of whom were "landlubbers", called such because they were not of the states bordering on the several seas. The vessels were called the "white squadron of the Navy" and were named Dolphin, Chicago, Atlanta and Boston. Some of the materials entering into their construction came from the Chester Steel Casting Company, but a greater portion came from the "Roach" foundry, as a part of the general plant, as I have personally visualized when visiting the yard as a boy [being the son of the Marine Superintendent, Captain Joseph W. MacDade]. I would consider the foundry at the shipyard as being contemporaneously in existence with the Chester Steel Castings Company, the first such company I can remember. The latter was approximately a part of or adjoining the "Doctor Young Estate" in that locality, which became traversed by iron rails at grade at the northern end by P. B. & W. Railroad, which serviced this company and most of the Chester industries and its people as passengers, followed by the opening of Howell and Broomall Streets, both of which ran through the Young property to reach Lamokin station, which was then the freight outlet . Broomall Street became used for the purposes of the company, as well as Seventh Street. Surrounding it were car shops, building and repairing coaches, the roundhouse and turntable, and adjoining the tracks of the Chester Creek branch of the railroad above referred to, which ran to Wawa and West Chester and which railroad was used to get to court at Media on what was commonly called the Cannonball Express on a serpentine railroad, and formed locally a "Y" whereby trains from Philadelphia were turned about on regular schedules. Later Wilson and Company built street cars in former car repair shop and finally the same became winter headquarters of "Pawnee Bill [Colonel Lillie] Wild West Show." The colonel marked Annie Oakley, the great rifle shooter and knew many people in our hometown, including former county commissioner, James M. Hamilton, who built their homes for them in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, and while Hamilton was superintending the job a bull on the range (rage) took a fancy to him and gored him, but not seriously. Eventually the Chester Steel Casting Company became defunct, and for years it was a mass of deterioration that reminded one of better days. Before it passed into oblivion, great rivalries arose in the steel castings business as I well remember in growing to manhood. The Dr. Young estate later became the scene for several steel casting companies, other than the Chester Steel Castings Company, to be constructed and operated, the first of which was the Eurika Steel Casting Company, managed by that steel master, Frederick Baldt, whom I grew up to know quite well, and second its successor the Solid Steel Casting Company, under the direction of the debonair gentleman, Richard Peters, Jr., with his neat appearance, florid complexion and red carnation always in the lapel of his coat in morning dress. His family was one of the early settlers and into which the late General Smedley Butler had married. Do you remember the Chester Foundry and Machine Company at the foot of Penn Street, adjacent to Penn's Landing Spot, under the management of a man by the name of Theodore Stone, and on which site too arose the celebrated steel casting company named after the same Penn, the founder of our Commonwealth, and where Mortimer H. Bickley, a rich druggist of Chester, persuaded Frederick Baldt to abandon his first love (Eureka Steel Casting Company] to join his fortunes with him, the former furnishing the money and the latter the brains? The fame of Baldt as a steel master grew in leaps and bounds and he performed marvelously. He was the toast of the local industrial world and had a hotel named after him conducted by that genial and famous Irish host, John H. Leary, who gained notoriety in conducting beer garden concerts, a menagerie and cockfights. If you remember, Baldt, made big money, but it left his fingers as water passes through a sieve. For example, he, feeling like living in an aristocratic manner and neighborhood, erected as an example of getting rid of his surplus cash, an $80,000 house. For Chester it looked like a castle. It was not built by contract but day's work and completed throughout in hardwood. Brigadier General William G. Price, Jr. subsequently occupied it and he knows its proportions." An April 1, 1901. newspaper clipping stated: "Frederick Baldt has moved into his magnificent new home at Ninth and Kerlin Streets and Concord Ave. This is one of the finest dwellings in the county, and has been a year in building. Mr. and Mrs. Mirabeau Sims, [the former Kate Baldt] and family will move from West 7th Street to Mr. Baldt's former residence, 2508 W. Third St. near Wilson." (Courtesy Delaware County Historical Society]. Delaware County Times--August 2, 1907 75 years ago - The Penn Steel Casting Co. has again broken the world's record in the manufacture of a large and difficult steel casting. This time it is a sixteen foot, four bladed propeller wheel for Roaches shipyard. The casting will weigh about 17,000 pounds. It was poured on Wednesday night and has been stripped of the sand and fins and will be ready for shipment early next week. The casting of this wheel will revolutionize the making of propeller wheels which have heretofore been made of cast iron or brass. The new metal will give the wheel greater strength and make it almost impossible to break a blade off the wheel. The officers of the Penn works give great credit to superintendent Fred Baldt for the successful casting of the wheel. The casting is equal in looks to the finest loam casting made from gray iron. CONCLUSION From these accounts the reader has an insight into a remarkable man that Frederick Baldt was. The man who had an idea that eventually resulted in the Company we know today, Baldt Anchor & Chain Division of Baldt Corp. Appendix A HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANCHOR CHAIN Ancient historians make reference to the use of metal chains as jewelry, prison fetters and in building construction but refer to "anchor chains" very rarely and then as curiosities. Thus, for thousands of years, prior to the 18th Century, man was not sufficiently astute to utilize the potential advantages displayed by metal chains as a means of mooring vessels . As is often the case, the Chinese were many steps ahead of the rest of the world, for history records that "under the great Emperor Yu 2200 B.C. came also the iron chains, two fore and two aft, which were thrown overboard to steady and stop the vessel." No reference has been found to indicate that the remaining world knew about or was even interested in this innovation until we read in Hebrew legend that Hiram of Tyre furnished chains for the ships of King Solomon 950 B.C. There is little doubt that Hiram fabricated his chains of brass, as the Bible tells us, in First Kings, Seventh Chapter, that "Hiram was cunning to work all works in brass." Possibly the very wise King Solomon conceived the idea of metal anchor chains after Hiram "cast wreaths of chain work" to ornament the Temple of Solomon. According to Aristophanes 400 B.C. "the cables of the Athenian Navy were sometimes made of iron." About 322 B.C. Alexander the Great equipped vessels with chain cables "so that the besieged in Tyre could no longer swim out and cut his vessels adrift in the darkness." Caesar relates that 56 B.C., "he could not cut the vessels of the Veneti tribes adrift because their cables were made of iron." From the time of Caesar until the 13th Century we find little or no mention of the use of anchor chains. Between 1200 and 1700 A.D. we read that "iron cables are sometimes used." The statutes of Genoa of 1444 make brief mention of "iron anchor chains." An engraving of 1512 shows a ship with hawse holes and anchor chains clearly depicted. Again a lapse until in 1634 Philip White patented in England "A WAY FOR THE MEARING OF SHIPPS WITH IRON CHAYNES BY FINDING OUT THE TRUE HEATING PPAREING AND TEMPING OF IYRON FOR THAT PPOSE AND THAT HE HATH NOW ATTAYNED TO THE TRUE USE OF THE SAID CHAYNES AND THAT THE SAME WILBE FOR THE GREAT SAVEING OF CORDAGE AND SAFETY OF SHIPPES AND WILL REDOUND TO THE GOOD OF OUR COMMON WEALTH." In the ensuing half century a few far sighted shipowners and ship captains had sufficient faith to experiment with iron chain, for in 1771 the French explorer Brouganville complained that "he had lost six anchors in nine days and narrowly escaped shipwreck, which would not have happened had his ship been fitted with iron chains." In 1778, General George Washington conceived the idea of a buoyed barrier chain across the Hudson River, at West Point, N.Y.as a means of impeding the invading British fleet. In six weeks seventeen American blacksmiths forged a 1700 ft. long link chain of 3-1/2" square stock weighing 275 pounds per link. This chain is still preserved at the U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. In 1783 George Matthews, of England, 150 years ahead of his time made cast malleable chains for ships. It was not until World War I that cast steel chains were fully developed. The year 1808 is the most notable date in chain making history, for in that year an Englishman Robert Flinn of Bell St. North Shields became the first man to make improved iron anchor chains which won wide recognition as an outstanding success. Justly known as "The Father of Anchor Chain Industry", Flinn made and constructed his own weight and lever proofing machine for his chain. In the same year Samuel Brown, a British Naval Officer, took out Patents for twisted open chain links, joining shackles and swivels. The twisted link patent was soon abandoned but Brown's shackle and swivel designs were scarcely improved on for the next 100 years. The conversion from hemp to chain now proceeded quickly. Studs to stiffen the links and to keep the chains from tangling first appeared in 1812, and in 1813 Thomas Brunton of London patented the broad inserted stud popular for more than a hundred years to follow. By then links of anchor chains had assumed modern form, as shown from a deteriorated Brunton-type link recovered from a privateer sunk in 1815 in the Bay of Honduras. In 1816 Samuel Brown's 2 1/4" iron stud link chains were installed on the U.S.S. Constitution and the U.S.S. Guerriere and were considered a great success. In the same year the Royal Navy standardized on iron chain instead of hemp for all new vessels of war. Also in 1816 Walker, of Philadelphia, wrought the first American-made stud link anchor chains for the U.S. Navy. The United States Navy organized a chain making plant in the Washington Navy Yard in 1817. In five months sufficient 2 1/8" and 2 3/8" of studded and twisted chain was welded to equip two vessels. By 1824 the 50th shot of anchor chain for the U.S. Navy had been completed. In 1830 the Navy yard began to stamp chains indicating the proof test applied. Also in 1830 the Royal Navy decided to equip all vessels, old and new, with iron chains. The Hingley works in England developed hydraulic cylinders for proof testing, although Lloyds did not yet require chains to be proof tested. By 1835 most of the larger vessels demanded iron chains and a private chain works was established at Boston. About 1865 the Carr Chain Works was incorporated at Troy, N.Y. The A. Hewitt and Co. was established at Trenton, N.J. and the Hayden Chain Works at Columbus, Ohio. Although a great many chain plants sprung up all over the British Isles and competition was keen, the new American plants successfully weaned the American chain business from English manufacturers. In 1836 the use of iron chains had become so general in the English Merchant Service and their superiority so well recognized that the underwriters ceased to charge a higher insurance rate for vessels using iron chain. In 1840 side welding of chain was introduced in England and from that time English chains of l 7/8" and larger have been side welded. It has been the practice of the American chain maker to weld links at the end and what little wrought iron chain is made in the United States today is still made with end welds. Lloyds Register of Shipping augmented their rules in 1846 so that thereafter all chains for classed vessels were proof tested and stamped on each end to indicate load applied. In 1853 Lloyds' Rules made it mandatory that, before a vessel could be classed, a certificate should be produced as to the test of the chain cable, and in 1858 issued rules as to length and size of chain cable. Lloyds progressively stiffened their rules regarding method of nanufacture and testing, resulting in the "Anchors and Chain Cables Act of 1899"; which with few amendments is still the basis of present day testing procedure. The proportions of our present day chain link were agreed upon after years of experimentation. Likewise our present standard fifteen [15] fathom [90 foot] length, known as a "shot" was adopted after chain was made in almost any length to suit the handling facilities of the individual chain maker. In 1902 rolled Anchor chain was experimentally made in England. A 60 to 70 foot bar of cruciform section is heated and passed through vertical and horizontal rollers which cut the bar into a continuous chain with links shorter and wider than standard and which are subsequently trimmed and pressed to size. In 1905 a spirally welded chain was patented. The patent covers successive chain links formed by coiling long iron or steel bars at welding heat to form a square sectioned ring with a spiral weld. The ring is rounded, trimmed and flattened onto the stud. In the course of years the Boston Navy Yard emerged as the authority and main producer of anchor chain for the U.S. Navy. In 1905 the largest chain made at Boston was 2 1/2" and five men laboriously hand welded ten links per day. Continual experimentation resulted in a power-forging method of chain welding successfully developed in 1914 under the master ship-smith at Boston, Mr. William Paul. By a series of forging operations in upsetter ender and drop hammer, wrought iron links were successfully welded up to 4" diameter. Mr. Paul ultimately was employed by the Baldt Anchor Co. and installed the same method in their plant at Chester, Pa. Production was increased by the simple expedient of drop forging a solid chain link through which an open iron link was "laced" and thus every alternate link in the chain was a solid forged link. During World War I there was a definite shortage of chain principally due to inadequate supply of chain iron. Experiments were made in an attempt to fire weld chain links of mild steel but success was limited to inferior welds in small sizes. Some time later, however, both fire welding and electric welding processes of making mild steel chain were developed and approved. In this emergency impetus was added to the development of cast steel chain in several steel foundries. By this method single links are pre-cast and inserted in molds. Molten metal is then poured through feeding heads to cast the alternate links, forming a continuous length of chain. It was immediately realized that this cast steel chain, with higher tensile strength, if properly and carefully manufactured was superior to wrought iron chain especially in that the studs were integral with the link and could not work loose. Care had to be taken however to insure sufficient "head" for the castings as there is a tendency toward gas pockets and shrinkage holes not always visible from the outside of the link. By 1924 the U.S. Navy had accepted cast steel chain as superior to wrought iron, and the center of Navy chain making activity shifted to the foundry at Norfolk Navy Yard until the use of cast steel chain was virtually abandoned by the Navy in 1928. After Boston Navy Yard lost the bulk of the chain making business to the Norfolk Yard they persisted in their endeavors to perfect a chain better than cast steel. Their efforts were rewarded in 1926 when Mr. James Reid, Mr. Albert M. Leahy, and Mr. C. G. Lutts perfected a forged alloy chain formed under dies in drop hammers, and given the name of "DiLok". Being a forged product of alloy steel its great strength and dependability were quickly realized. After exhaustive comparative tests it was proven that the DiLok process produced chain that could be proof tested at the breaking load of cast steel chain and had a minimum breaking capacity 50 greater than the best cast steel chain. At the same time the tremendous forging impact assured a solid link not subject to porosity, and the mechanical joint construction developed shock tension and compressive impact values far greater than any previously known chain. Since 1928 the U. S. Navy, convinced of DiLok's superiority, accepted it as their standard and abandoned the use of cast steel chain. Through the years DiLok has successfully withstood continual tests against all competitors and today is the "STRONGEST ANCHOR CHAIN KNOWN." Lightships anchored off our coasts must maintain their position regardless of weather and the mooring of such vessels is probably the most exacting service to which a chain can be subjected. The U. S. Coast Guard quickly realized the superiority of DiLok and now uses 1 5/8" DiLok in place of the 2" cast steel chain formerly used. The commercial manufacture of DiLok anchor chain was first undertaken by the Rogers Drop Forging Company, Worcester, Mass., and was later continued by the Baldt Anchor Company at Chester., Pa., under patent license. Following the successful Coast Guard experiments, DiLok anchor chain was first used commercially for marine railway installations. After exhaustive tests by American Bureau of Shipping and Lloyd's Register of Shipping, DiLok received their highest approval. Sample 15 fathom lengths of DiLok were experimentally installed on several vessels and proved more than adequate in every test. The first full complement of DiLok chain installed on n newly constructed merchant vessel was at the Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. upon the emphatic recommendation of Mr. John W. Hudson., Naval Architect. A method of manufacturing electrically welded high tensile steel anchor chain, considerably stronger than iron chain, was developed in England and approved in 1931. In 1932, high tensile Steel Chains [DILOK, CAST STEEL AND STEEL WELDED CHAIN OF APPROVED DESIGN] were accepted by the testing societies in place of larger wrought iron chains. For instance, the S.S. America, would, prior to 1932, have required 3-7/16" iron chain, but actually is equipped with 3" DiLok chain and a weight saving of approximately 27 tons is effected. In the ensuing years, particularly during World War II, various methods of electric welding anchor chain have been invented. Baldt entered the electric welded chain business in 1958 with the acquisition of two ASEA chain making machines. These machines will make flash butt welded stud link chain in sizes from 3/4" to 4-1/4" and in continuous lengths to suit customer requirements. Appendix B History and Development of the Marine anchor It is a matter of conjecture as to who first had need of and utilized some ready instrument for mooring his vessel, but much of the early evolution has been traced by learned men through ancient sculpture, coins, paintings, etc. Earliest records of moorings come from Egyptian tomb furniture 2000 B.C. where ship models were equipped with conical stakes and papyrus ropes for mooring the vessels to the shore. Later tombs 1600 B.C. yielded ship models with grooved or perforated anchor-stones. When the 1400 B.C. tomb of King "Tut" was opened anchor stones shaped in a T were found. Four hundred years later, about 1000 B.C., Homeric poems still specify "anchors of stone." Crooked sticks or wooden frames weighted with stone [Killicks] are known to have been in use in ancient times; and are still used in remote regions. Some of these crude anchors show the equivalent of rudimentary stocks. In 800 B.C., Two-armed hooks, without stocks, were cast in bronze on the island of Malta. A Sardinian scarab, 650 B.C., shows a stockless two-armed anchor, which was probably the first anchor made of iron. Greek writers, 500 B.C., mention "stone anchors with iron hooks." Herodotus relates that stone anchors were towed astern to steady ships coming down the Nile. A coin of 400 B.C. shows a two-armed stocked anchor apparently filled with lead. Its form begins to approximate the "Admiralty" pattern of recent times. An anchor shown on a Greek coin of about 375 B.C., includes the essentials of an Admiralty anchor, except palms. The anchor shown on a Syrian coin of about 312 B.C., is even more modern in appearance. By 300 B.C. vessels of the Athenian navy were equipped with iron anchors weighing up to 440 pounds. Greek coins of 280 B.C. show anchors with rudimentary palms. An English anchor shaped from the fork of a yew-tree is ascribed to 100 B.C. A Cyrene iron anchor without palms, and inscribed with the ship's name, is attributed to about 50 B.C. Depictions of iron anchors of the time of King Herod, about 35 B.C., show curious enlargements on the shanks believed to be carryovers from the times when cylindrical perforated stones were strung on wooden anchor-shanks, and also show palms on the arms. Sculptures on the Arch of Tiberius, about 20 A.D., show similar enlargements on the shank, but no palms. About 40 A.D. the ship of Emperor Caligua was equipped with a 16 foot iron tipped oaken anchor with a heavy leaden stock. This was discovered intact when Lake Nemi, near Rome was drained in 1929. At the same time there was discovered, after 1800 years submersion, a wood-sheathed iron anchor weighing about 1000 pounds, and distinguished by the fact that it had a portable stock, which was an invaluable convenience lost to the world until "invented" again some 1700 years later and finally adopted by the Admiralty in 1854. In 88-97 A.D. St. Clement., the fourth Pope, is said to have been thrown into the sea, tied to an anchor... a method of execution not uncommon in those days. From ancient times St. Clement has been the Patron Saint of Anchorsmiths, who formerly observed his Feast Day on the 23rd of November. Iron anchors are said to have been first forged in England [East Anglia] in 573 A.D. The Danish "Oseburg Anchor," about 800 A.D., had very small palms, and was constructed for use with a wooden stock. The medieval anchor of 1066 A.D. as depicted in a Bayeau tapestry looks almost modern. The Statutes of Genoa of 1441 A.D. required a 1500 ton ship to carry 12 iron anchors of from 1600 to 1800 pounds each. A Florentine engraving of 1450 A.D. shows a two-piece wooden stock of the style popular for the following 400 years. The "Sovereign of the Seas," 1600 tons, in 1637 carried 12 anchors of 4000 pounds each. In 1690 Sir Wm. Phipps in his attack on Quebec lost a thirteen-foot anchor, [recovered in modern times]. Anchors of about 1700 had long shanks, straight arms at 50 degrees, sharp points at the crown, large diameter rings, and wooden stocks the length of the shank or longer. An anchor of this style marked "1703" was reclaimed from the wreck of a 100-gun ship sunk at Sheerness, England. In 1723 Reaumur issued in France the first notable public exposition of the science and art of anchor construction. In 1780 iron stocks began to emerge from the experimental stage, but the popular anchors of the period still had wooden stocks and relatively long shanks and straight arms. In 1801 and succeeding years Richard Poring of England greatly improved the quality of welds in anchors, shortened the shanks and put more curvature into the arms. In 1804 Captain Hawke of the Royal Navy applied for an iron-stocked Anchor for his ship arid was derided, but by 1807 the use of iron stocks in anchors of not over 1500 pounds was permitted.In 1818 Lieutenant Belcher of the Royal Navy introduced the tumbling fluke, later improved by Honibal and Porter. With cant-palms added by Trotman, the anchor became quite popular. From 1820 onward some hundred different types of "improved" anchors were patented in rapid succession practically all regarded today as "freaks." In 1822 and 1823 Lowen and Lawkins experimented with tripping anchor-palms and stockless shanks, some 40 years before these features won general acceptance. In 1830 Poring adapted steam power to the operation of the heavy falling weights used in the welding of anchors. Rodgers introduced his "Patent Small-Palm Anchor and won considerable public favor. The Royal Navy now began to concede the superiority of iron stocks. By 1840 the Hawkins patent tumbling fluke stockless anchor and developed to a form approximating that of most stockless anchors of today. By 1846 the Royal Navy completely surrendered to the iron stock and gave full sanction to the type of anchors now known as the "Admiralty" anchor. This type of anchor, also known as "Old Style" or "Kedge" is no longer used for large ships but continues in use for small boats and for moorings. Although it has great holding power in a penetrable bottom it is extremely awkward and the long stock is vulnerable to mechanical damage. When in position the upstanding arm may foul a chain or pierce the hull of a vessel. The "one" arm version is popular for moorings and is equipped with a second shackle for easier placement. In 1852 a British Commission declared the Trotman anchor "Best." By 1859 the Mushroom type of anchor appeared as an instrument especially suited for permanent moorings. With the removal of the stock, from Mertom's anchor of 1861 and the advent of Lathem's anchor 1886 the use of stockless tumbling-fluke anchors increased rapidly. In 1866 the ball-and-socket type of stockless anchor first appeared in England. In 1870 A. F. White stowed the stocks of "old style" anchors by sliding them down a shank designed with a quarter-twist. In 1873 C. F. Herreshoff constructed a four-piece de mountable old style anchor for a time widely acclaimed by yachtsmen. "Freak" anchors continuously appeared; for example the Tyzack single-fluke anchor of 1877. In 1885 Baxter was stowing his Stockless Anchors in a hawse pipe. This innovation proved of utmost importance, for from that day forward, the Stockless Anchor increased in popularity until today it is practically the only type of anchor used on ships of real size. American styles incline to be chunky, with comparatively broad and blunt flukes. The U.S. Navy-version has flukes somewhat longer and of greater area. European anchors, in general, tend to more curvature and to smaller and sharper flukes. The stockless anchor used today, on ships of size that are likely to encounter any and all types of sea bottom, reflect the experience of mariners for the past twenty five hundred years in compromising between pure dead weight for very hard bottoms and on the other hand ability to bite and to hold well in soft bottoms. The stockless anchor is ruggedly built, will handle and stow easily and readily disengage from sea-bottoms and submerged wreckage. In the attempt to successfully stow stocked anchors in hawse-pipe, in 1885 Tyzack revived and ancient practice of placing a stock through or near the head of the anchor, instead of at the shackle end, as in Western custom. Examples of this type are: the Tyzack anchor, the Hartness anchor 1886, the Brown anchor 1894, the Hein anchor 1916, the Croseck anchor 1935 and the Danforth anchor 1943. This particular type of anchor is somewhat modified by Mr. H. P. Shipley of the U.S. Navy. These "head stocked" anchors have the advantage of high holding power, in proportion to weight, in soft bottoms of suitable penetrability; but are difficult to "break out" if fouled in rocks or wreckage. Like the "old style" anchor, the protruding stocks are exceedingly vulnerable. About the time of the first World War, the Eels Stockless Anchor was developed and has been used extensively for salvage and mooring purposes. Recognizing the fundamental superiority of the stockless tumbling fluke anchor, that first appeared in England in 1866, Frederick Baldt developed and improved it in 1897. This wrought iron anchor had the head and shank connected with a ball and socket joint, the shank being round and revolvable to act as a built-in swivel. Baldt strengthened the shank by making it rectangular in lieu of round and produced it in cast steel. He took out patents for further modifications and his patent of 1901 was of such superior design and quality that the words "Baldt" and "Stockless Anchor" have become practically synonymous. In 1949 Baldt Anchor, Chain & Forge announced the development of the "Baldt Lightweight Stockless Anchor", a modification of the stockless principle. This anchor develops the greatest holding power known today and is the choice of experienced offshore drilling companies to moor oil drilling rigs in oceans throughout the world. The "Snug Stowing Stockless Anchor" was patented August 24, 1954 by Messrs. Linnenbank, Money, and Noel. This anchor was developed to house freely on shipboard with minimum protrusion and maximum bearing on shell of ship. It facilitates fabrication of simplified hawse pipes and its design helps prevent the rush of water inboard through the hawse pipe during high seas. Persons interested in Maritime History will find one of the most extensive collections of maritime artifacts in the world at the Mariners Museum in Newport News, Virginia. Baldt has donated many exhibits. Also, The Navy Museum, located at the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. has many fine exhibits.

My first cut attempt at understanding the Baldinger-to-Rorke connections and Rorke's role with Willoughby, Hunter and Hargis at ACL-Comm of Correspondence could be summarized thusly: 1) I could not imagine that people like Willoughby, Hargis, Hunter and McClendon would ever allow Rorke into their inner circles without first checking out his bona fides to the ultimate degree. He was with Army Intel during World War II and his bio and credentials were well known to this security sensitive group of mostly former Army Intel types. 2) However, the South Florida anti-Castro types were not quite as sophisticated in the world of counter-intelligence and they could easily have over-reacted and pointed the guilty finger at Rorke for many of their recently interrupted operations and all the raids against their launch attempts from South Florida into Cuba. 3) If Rorke or Billingsley were really JFK confidantes and his secret allies, then these suspicions would only intensify especially when considering possible discussions or meetings among the Cubans and their gringo friends including various SOFs, contract pilots and miscellaneous mercenaries. For the most part these raids were the result of JFK and RFK turning up the heat on South Florida anti-Castro activities while they were simultaneously planning to put into effect both The Reuther Memorandum and the McGhee memorandum in an attempt to wipe the John Birch Society off the face of the earth. 4) The anti-Castro Cubans might have acted to sabotage Rorke's plane or his mission in order to remove what they perceived as a security leak within their own organizations. This may or may not have been rationally and thoroughly justified, but this would not have prevented some of the more extreme leaders from acting in a pre-emptive strike against Rorke. 5) Without a doubt, the Dallas John Birchers, moved the assassination venue from Miami to Dallas after various rumors of planned attacks against JFK in Miami by both Joe Milteer and the anti-Castro exiles became well know to the Miami PD. Milter was a very close friend of James H. Mavole in the American Nazi Party, and several others involved with both the NSRP and the KKK. Condon refers to a Edward Madole in Manchurian Candidate.

Wow.... news travels fast. Real fast. 5 User(s) are reading this topic (1 Guests and 0 Anonymous Users) 4 Members: John Bevilaqua, Harry J.Dean, Charles Drago, John Simkin

Please note all the groups or persons who showed up in The Manchurian Candidate by Richard Condon.... 9-17 Committee of the States, 1969-73 9-18 Congress of Freedom, 1956-66 9-19 Constitution Party of the USA, 1956-66 9-26 Defenders of American Liberties, Robert Morris, 1962-64 9-27 Defenders of the American Constitution, 1956-75 Gen. Pedro A. del Valle 9-29 Appeal to Reason, The, Lawrence Dennis, 1957-62 9-3 Human Events; clippings, correspondence, 1957-73 10-10 Institute for American Strategy, Franz Straus-Hupe 1961-71 10-11 thru 12 Christian Crusade, Billy James Hargis, 1961-76 10-18 American Coalition (of Patriotic Societies), 1956-65 Draper front organization and The Pioneer Fund MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 10-2 For America, (Bonner Fellers) 1956-73 MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 11-16 thru 17 Buckly, William F. Jr., Young Americans for Freedom, Conservative Party, etc., 1957-76 MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 11-18 Campaign for the 48 States, 1955-59 11-2 thru 5 Americans for Constitutional Action, Men Moreell, 1958-76 11-20 Christian Anti-Communist Crusade, Dr. Fred Schwarz, 1960-72 11-16 thru 17 Buckly, William F. Jr., MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE Young Americans for Freedom, Conservative Party, etc., 1957-76 11-18 Campaign for the 48 States, 1955-59 11-2 thru 5 Americans for Constitutional Action, Admiral Benjamin Moreell, 1958-76 11-20 Christian Anti-Communist Crusade, Dr. Fred Schwarz, 1960-72 11-8 (World) Anti-Communist League, 1956-61 11-9 Anti-Communist Liaison, 1963-65 Willoughby, Rorke, Hunter MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 14-22 Philbrick, Herbert A.; Americanism Educational League, Constructive Action, US Anti-Communist Congress, 1965-70 14-23 Right-To-Write Committee, 1960-62 14-24 Smith, Gerald L. K. MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE, Sam Cook Jr., 1957-75 14-25 Smoot, Dan, 1958-69 14-26 Southern States Industrial Council, 1957-65 14-28 Unification Church, Rev. Sun Myung Moon, 1974-76 14-29 U.S.A., 1956-63 14-3 Life Lines; clippings, 1960-75 14-30 Virginian, The, William Stephenson, 1956-59 14-31 Walker, General Edwin A., MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 1961-76 14-32 Women's Voice, We the Mothers Mobilize for America, MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 1956-64 14-33 We the People!, Council of 100, Free Enterprise Federation, 1955-63 20-1 thru 8 Manion Forum, Clarence E. Manion, 1961-75 20-10 Cain, Mary, Summit Sun; clippings, Cain editorials, 1956-63 20-11 thru 13 Economic Council Letter, National Economic Council, Inc., 1946-73 20-14 thru 16 National Renaissance Bulletin, National Renaissance Party, James H. Madole, ed., See Edward Mavole in MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 1953-75 20-17 Liberty Letter, Liberty Lobby, 1963-70 MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 20-9 Dan Smoot Speaks, 1955-63 22-7 American Opinion, Robert Welch, 1959 MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE 22-8 thru 9 American Mercury, MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE Russell MaGuire, William LaVarre, Natasha Boissevain, Maurine Halliburton, 1958-60 [box 23] 23-1 Right to Work National Newsletter, 1956-64 23-10 American Progress, Willis E. Stone, 1956-63 23-15 What's Happening in America?, American Heritage Protective Committee, 1956 23-16 American Heritage Protective Committee, Blue Book for Patriots, 1956 23-18 Cross and the Flag, The, Gerald K. Smith, 1957, 1960 MANCHURIAN CANDIDATE

So now the plot thickens even further. If I am reading the fuzzy antecedents below correctly, Rorke himself (and/or Billingsley perhaps) were friendly with and had allegiances to Kennedy. The author, a D C McJonathan-Swarm, implies that this is the reason why the CIA got involved with the disappearance of Rorke and his pilot Geoffrey Sullivan in late September, 1963. And yet I am told that Rorke was a true John Bircher (or a John Birch penetration agent) who was active in many anti-Communist causes over the years. And Rorke was with Army Intelligence during World War II and NOT the OSS/CIA. This would explain his associations with Maj. Gen. Charles Willoughby, Edward Hunter and Sarah McClendon who tried to get into Army Intel during World War II but was rejected apparently. Just imagine what would be going through your mind if you were either Willoughby, McClendon, or the head of Alpha 66 or the 30th of November Movement and you found out that Rorke was seen talking with Wilbur Baldinger from Group Research, Inc. the intel gathering agency of the Reuther brothers, authors of The Reuther Memorandum. Everyone at UAW was on the case of The John Birch Society and looking to get them out of the picture entirely once and for all. And if you were planning covert operations against JFK or even his murder, like Alpha 66, the Bay of Pigs veterans and 30th of November Movement apparently were at that time and you found out that Rorke and/or Billingsley were FRIENDS of JFK what would you be thinking? Right! Rorke has got to go. Now! There is no way that Rorke and Willoughby would not have known about operations in South Florida planned by the Cuban exiles. Plus all the plans of The John Birch Society, where Willoughby was a prominent strategist, to counter the efforts of the Reuther brothers, the ADL, Senator Gale McGee and Myer Feldman, JFK's staff member. Rather than risk further security breeches and the scuttling of the murder plot against JFK in Miami or elsewhere I am sure that if I were either Willoughby or Robert J. Morris or any leader of a South Florida Cuban exile group, I would have had to give the thumbs down on Rorke in a heartbeat. Especially with all the recent bad luck befalling the likes of various South Florida anti-Castro groups. When you add in the rampant paranoia about the heat being exerted on The John Birchers by Senator McGhee of Wyoming, Wilbur Baldinger, Wes McCuen, Myer Feldman, a Kennedy aide who had numerous ADL contacts, and the Reuther brothers from UAW, too. Even Dr. Fred Scwarz would have cast that ballot against Rorke in a heartbeat. Molina and Sullivan were just innocent bystanders in that entire plot against Rorke. The JFK plot was allowed to be nurtured and developed and the only change was the venue. It moved from Miami to Dallas after the motorcade in Miami was cancelled due to other security breeches. Here are some more Rorke photos from the piece by D C McJonathan-Swarm attached below. Birth: Aug. 9, 1926 Manhattan New York County New York, USA Death: Sep. 24, 1963 husband of Jacqueline Billingsley. Son of Alexander Rorke a New York City Assistant District Attorney and later a New York State Appellate Judge. A graduate of St. John's University and a student of the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service. He served as a military intelligence specialist in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was responsible for the security of five German provinces and participated in the capture of SS men and the first postwar roundup of Communist agents in the Allied military zones of Germany. His plane, flown by commercial pilot Geoffery Sullivan, disappeared on 24 September 1963 enroute to Cuba just two months before the Kennedy assassination. His father-in-law, Sherman Billingsley, held a press conference at the Stork club offering a $25,000 reward for his return with that of his pilot. It was rumored that the CIA was involved because of his friendship with and allegiance to Kennedy. In 1975 the CIA described him a "former witting collaborator (relationship terminated)." J Edgar Hoover wrote "No. I do not want in any way to get involved in this....H" on papers pertaining to correspondence and inquires by Billingsley. He was declared legally dead in 1968. Burial: Body lost or destroyed Specifically: plane disappeared enroute to Cuba Created by: D C McJonathan-Swarm Record added: Nov 09, 2004 Find A Grave Memorial# 9788603

Hi Sherry, May I suggest you check out Wilbur Baldinger? James Can you tell us more about Wilbur Baldinger and his conversations/meetings with Alex Rorke and what you think the significance of these meetings might be? Wilbur Baldinger worked with Wes McCuen from Group Research, Inc. in Washington, DC which was an intel gathering operation funded by UAW and the Reuthers. They published periodic monographs on their anti-Union foes, their organizations and associates and their publications. They paid particular attention to some of my suspects and orgs involved with the JFK assassination like ACL Comm of Correspondence, Intl Assoc for the Adv of Eugenics and Ethnology (IAAEE) the Draper Group, The John Birch Society, and almost the entire list of Richard Condon's suspects including Major George Racey Jordan who was not followed by anyone else I am aware of in fact except maybe ADL of B'nai B'rith and Epstein and Forster. It turns out that Baldinger and McCuen helped prepare The Reuther Memorandum in 1961 and that these two may have been the main source of information for Richard Condon as he wrote The Manchurian Candidate, in my honest opinion. In August of 1963 a Kennedy aide named Myer Feldman joined with Senator Gale McGee from Wyoming in issuing a joint recommendation to JFK that he should launch another series of broadsides against The John Birch Society and the right wing in general using the FCC, the IRS, the U.S. Post Office and other federal agencies to limit the ability of the far right to ply their trade at the expense of U.S. taxpayers. Now here is how this attack on the right and Baldinger's contact(s) with Alex Rorke might fit in with this entire scenario: 1) Someone on the far right became aware of Rorke's contact(s) with Baldinger (either clandestine or witting) and in a paranoid over-reaction decided to terminate Rorke with prejudice due to the recent presence of multiple recent security breeches involving the anti-Castro community in South Florida. 2) Senator Gale McGhee from Wyoming and Myer Feldman issued their anti-John Birch, and anti-Right Wing manifestos simultaneously in August of 1963 and both of these documents hit JFK's desk courtesy of Myer Feldman. Rorke and Sullivan disappeared in August of 1963 as well, if I remember correctly. And both the Cubans and the Birchers realized that their operations in Miami had been severely compromised by some unknown penetration agent or agents. Rorke was in all likelihood NOT the guilty culprit by the way. There is nothing else to indicate that Rorke had turned informant on both his Birch, ACL Comm of Correspondence and anti-Castro Cuban exile associates by the way. 3) Since Alex Rorke was very active in The John Birch Society, the leadership most likely then decided to scuttle the plans to allow the anti-Castro exiles in Miami to launch their long planned attempt on JFK in mid-November and then switched their assassination plans to Dallas where the likes of Willoughby, Morris, Walker, Hunt, etc. would be in much better control of the entire situation. 4) At about the same time the Miami PD Intel Division became aware of the Joseph Milteer tape recordings made by Willie Somersett and they also turned up the heat in Miami, going as far as abandoning the motorcade from Miami Intl Airport to Biscayne Blvd a distance of perhaps 8-10 miles on Tamiami Trail which is S.W. 8th Street, right through the heart of what was already known as Little Havana. JFK would probably never have completed this motorcade. The Miami PD realized that protecting him for this entire distance would have been futile. I personally discussed these issues with both members of the Miami PD and people like SOFs Gerry Hemming and Roy Hargraves and several others. Their WAS going to be a motorcade in Miami and it WAS cancelled for security reasons despite what people like Grodie Whineslow have to say about this. Quite frankly, Whineslow and his friend Vilhelm Belly can not be trusted or believed on anything. Nothing. Nothing at all. Ever. Marita Lorenz was telling the truth and they tried to make her out to be a xxxx. And for some reason, that guy Gaeton Fonzi sided with them on the Lorenz issue as well. Shame on him. Shame on all of them. 5) After the death of JFK the efforts of Senator Gale McGee, Wilbur Baldinger, Myer Feldman and Wes McCuen plus the "ruthless" Reuther brothers against the Birch Society and the far right were scrapped entirely since they no longer had the auspices of the offices of JFK to utilize. And the rest is history. Author: Jonathan Schoenwald Title: A Time for Choosing: The Rise of Modern American Conservatism http://www.abebooks.com Priced from $3 to $10 a copy. Get this book. And read it. This guy Schoenwald knows what he is talking about and he touches briefly on the subject of Rorke and Baldinger, too. He also is spot on regarding the McGee Memo as well.