Jim Hargrove

Sure. One of the men who served with LEE Oswald for nearly a year immediately before the other LHO started his stay at MACS 9 in Santa Ana was Zack Stout, who, asked if LHO studied Russian during this period (late 1957 through much of 1958) said this to John Armstrong: "Where do people come up with these stupid ideas. That's ridiculous. No, he never spoke Russian or had a Russian book or a Russian newspaper. If he had any of those things, all of us would have known about it." There are other examples (see William Kelley’s interview with Richard Bullock), but the point is that this LHO gave no indication of having any comprehension of the Russian language prior to arriving in Santa Ana in late October 1958. And yet the Warren Commission and Mr. Bojczuk want us to believe that in just four month’s time the one-and-only “Lee Harvey Oswald” taught himself enough Russian to be able to get more answers right than wrong in a Russian language test administered Feb. 25, 1959 and to carry on a lengthy conversation, in Russian, with Rosaleen Quinn just a month or so later. It is preposterous. Mr. Bojczuk says he believes this far-fetched scenario, but members of the Warren Commission, at least privately, apparently didn’t. As Jim DiEugenio pointed out here, “Harold Weisberg unearthed the transcript of the Warren Commission's January 27, 1964 executive session meeting. That meeting contains a reference by Chief Counsel J. Lee Rankin to the Commission's efforts ‘to find out what he [Oswald] studied at the Monterey School of the Army in the way of languages.’ (Philip Melanson, Spy Saga, p. 12).” As I’ve pointed out before, foreign language instructor Mathias Baumann stated on this forum that, in his opinion, obtaining Oswald’s tested proficiency in Russian would require, in a language less difficult than Russian, “80 to 120 individual (one-on-one) lessons (a lesson being 45 minutes) or 400 lessons of a group course to reach this level in the German language (provided that you already know the Roman Alphabet). These numbers do not include the time you need for homework, mind you.” And of course, Mr. Baumann’s estimates did not include time to become familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet, extensively different from our own. The assertion that, with no formal instruction whatsoever, Lee Harvey Oswald taught himself enough Russian in four months to get more questions right than wrong in a Russian language exam and to carry on a lengthy conversation in Russian with Rosaleen Quinn doesn't pass the laugh test.

Mr. Bojczuk shamelessly supports the Warren Commission excuse that LHO taught himself to read, write, and speak the Russian language in his spare time in the Marine Corps. “Oswald subscribed to a newspaper printed in Russian, which I believe he said was published in San Francisco.” –James Anthony Botelho, from his Marine affidavit of June 3, 1964. Here's an image of a Russian language newspaper printed in San Francisco that is probably similar to the one Oswald reportedly read in the Marine corps while stationed in California. Can you imagine teaching yourself to read a newspaper like this--in your spare time? If you believe the WC and Mr. Bojczuk on this nonsense, may I interest you in purchasing the Golden Gate Bridge?

Mr. Bojczuk tirelessly creates strawman arguments about one LHO’s Russian language skills and then fearlessly criticizes the arguments he himself invented. What he doesn’t do is look at the simple facts. In October 1959 one LHO returned to the U.S. and was assigned to MACS 9 in Santa Ana, where he suddenly demonstrated so much interest in and understanding of Russia and the Russian language that some of his fellow Marines called him “Oswaldovitch.” He took a Russian language test and got more questions right than wrong. Rosaleen Quinn, who was studying Russian in a Berlitz course, told the Warren Commission that “Oswald spoke Russian well.” Erwin Donald Lewis said, in an affidavit: “It was a matter of common knowledge among squadron members that he could read, write, and speak Russian.” So the question becomes, When did this LHO learn Russian? Some people believe that Oswald was given a crash course in Russian while stationed at Atsugi and the Philippines. One of the men who served with this Oswald (actually American-born LEE) for nearly a year was Zack Stout. In 1995 John A. asked this Mr. Stout if Oswald spoke or studied Russian while in Japan. Zack answered, "Where do people come up with these stupid ideas. That's ridiculous. No, he never spoke Russian or had a Russian book or a Russian newspaper. If he had any of those things, all of us would have known about it." Zack Stout John also interviewed Richard Bullock, who worked with LEE Oswald in Japan. Bullock said, "He was NOT the guy I saw in the picture on TV shot by Jack Ruby." He said that the LEE Oswald he knew wore glasses and “looks nothing like him. That's not the man I knew. The man I knew was 30-40 pounds heavier and 3-4 inches taller than the man accused of killing President Kennedy.” Richard Bullock Forum member William Kelley also interviewed Mr. Bullock. See his interview here. In the months before being stationed in Japan, Classic Oswald® was stationed briefly at various locations in the U.S., and, according to the soldiers who lived and worked with him, was actually in those places. There is no indication that he even had a chance to study the Russian language while moving about in these various assignments. So, where did this 9th grade dropout learn Russian? Through a process of elimination, we think it is most likely that he learned it as a child. After he lived in Russia for two and a half years, Harvey Oswald returned to the U.S. with his Russian wife. There, many people remarked about how good his Russian language skills were. De Mohrenschildt, in particular, noted his remarkable fluency, but also noted that he made grammatical errors, just as you would expect from someone who learned a language at an early age and then abandoned it for a decade or so. As to the mastoidectomy, I have often said that I think John A. got this wrong, but he was in good company. Although he noted many tiny scars in his autopsy report on LHO, Dr. Earl Rose failed to note a scar behind his ear. Mortician Paul Groody also missed the scar. My working theory is that it was the Russian-speaking Oswald all along who had the procedure done.

But if we don't continually correct his mischaracterizations of H&L research, the bs may be repeated forever on the internet without correction! Why should we let that happen? Mr. Bojczuk will be back in a few hours posting about the mastoidectomy and falsely claiming that John A. is actually a “snake oil salesman.” He has posted this again and again and again and again and again and again in just the last year or so. Although he accuses me of being a spammer, he is actually the one who has made SCORES of nearly identical posts in the last year about the mastoidectomy. Watch for it soon…. In the meantime, if anyone who happens to read this wants to see some SERIOUS JFK ASSASSINATION research, just click this link: HarveyandLee.net

Utter nonsense. The H&L analysis doesn’t require anything like the above; the Oswald Project only required a false defector who secretly understood the Russian language. The theory that the Russian-speaking Oswald learned the Russian language as a child arose through a process of elimination. There has never been evidence that he was given instruction, openly or secretly, in that language, and John A. interviewed a number of Marines who indicated Classic Oswald® simply wasn’t in a Russian language program prior to the fall of 1958, when the Russian-speaking Oswald suddenly became known as “Oswaldovitch” in MACS 9 at the small Marine Corps facility in Santa Ana, CA. Serving with the Russian-speaking Oswald in MACS 9, Sergeant Erwin Lewis said, "It was a matter of common knowledge that Oswald could read, write, and speak Russian.” Time and time again, Mr. Bojczuk misrepresents H&L and then analyzes what’s wrong with his own mischaracterization.

Hi, Pam, My favorite granddaughter is in her final year of a physical therapy doctorate at Saint Catherine University in St. Paul, MN. Just a few weeks ago we enjoyed a picnic lunch with her right by a big waterfall near downtown Minneapolis. What a beautiful place! Speaking of Jack Ruby and LEE Oswald.... Let’s continue to look at some more evidence for two Oswalds. 1963: Harvey in New Orleans, Lee in Dallas In the summer of 1963, when the Russian-speaking Lee HARVEY Oswald was in New Orleans pretending to be a pro-Castro commie, a lot of people saw American-born LEE Harvey Oswald hanging around with Jack Ruby in Dallas. Among these people were Dorothy Marcum, Francis Irene Hise, Helen Smith (“Pixie Lynn”) , Dixie Lynn, Kathy Kay, and others. Journalist Dorothy Kilgallen wrote in the New York Journal American (June 6, 1964): “It is known that 10 persons have signed sworn depositions to the Warren Commission that they knew Oswald and Ruby to have been acquainted.” A few months ago Gary Shaw sent John A. a 10-page FBI report on a 1977 interview with a Ruby employee named Odell “James” Estes. Estes told the FBI he worked at the Carousel Club from the last week in June until Sept. 2, 1963. Estes said he saw “Lee Oswald” at the Carousel Club many times during his employment there, including in Jack Ruby’s office. He said he once drove Oswald to Love Field and even took two overnight fishing trips with Oswald to a lakeside cabin near Mineral Wells. He described lengthy talks with this Oswald. Since he (Estes) stopped working at the club on Sept. 2, he was quite certain that the two fishing trips, just a week apart, were both in August 1963. Of course, in August 1963, Classic Oswald® was still in New Orleans. Despite this depiction of “Oswald” being in New Orleans and Dallas simultaneously, an FBI cover memo states that Estes was “willing to submit to a polygraph examination” and “talked very coherently and did not evidence the mannerisms frequently associated with a mentally disturbed individual.” It should be noted that although the 1977 FBI report indicated Estes was “80 percent blind,” in 1963 he could see well enough to drive a car. A 10-page report on Odell Estes’ FBI interview can be read on the Mary Ferrell site at the link below: ODELL ESTES FBI REPORT

Thanks, Dennis. I’ve been running this website for more than 20 years now, but John has written most of the material currently on HarveyandLee.net, and I’m proud to present his research to the world. Please feel free to check it out at: HarveyandLee.net

The insults never end. When there isn’t an active H&L thread, Mr. Bojczuk posts his attacks against me and H&L in any thread available. Why is he so interested in me? Is he keeping a dossier? Why? H&L research is hardly a “lost cause,” and Mr. Bojczuk knows it. In recent years three books have been published based on Harvey and Lee. Just two feature-film length video talks by John Armstrong posted on YouTube by “MrChrillemannen” have a total of nearly 619,000 views. The videos are: Captain Westbrook, officer Tippit and Oswald's double and Who impersonated Lee Harvey Oswald?

Gene Kelly, posted 7/28/20: The work of Armstrong - and Jim Hargrove's representation - must somehow threaten someone (or something) for it to become so personal. Such staunch opposition ironically has the opposite effect on me ... it sends a message that there's substance to the H&L anomalies. James DiEugenio, posted 8/14/20: I don't have a dog in this fight, but its striking when, in their mania to discredit Armstrong, WC critics team up with WC apologists like Parnell. To the point of using a phony application to a phony college which was part of a phony discharge. I have presented much evidence on this forum for Harvey and Lee, and I resent being insulted like this nearly every day by Jeremy Bojczuk. Don’t let people like Mr. Bojczuk mischaracterize this research without at least checking it out directly! To see for yourself the H&L evidence, please visit the website John A. and I run: HarveyandLee.net

Yes, but there is a serious question about whether LHO actually ever saw "I Led 3 Lives." Robert Oswald wrote: One of his favorite programs was I Led Three Lives, the story of Herbert Philbrick, the FBI informant who posed as a Communist spy. In the early 1950's, Lee watched that show every week without fail. When I left home to join the Marines, he was still watching the reruns." But Robert Oswald joined the Marines and left for San Diego on July 15, 1952, and, as you say, the "I Led Three Lives" program didn't premiere until roughly a year later. This gets worse in Youth House....

Absolutely! Important open questions are.... Who was Harvey (the Russian-speaking LHO), and... Was the false Oswald of 1963 the same person as H&L’s “Lee?”

Magathanks to Vasilos Vasakas and Jim Di. for bringing us this important series on the seemingly endless treachery involved in the creation of the legend of LHO, as well as the clear hints that this crap may be ongoing even well into the present century. Malcolm Blunt’s work shining a light on Betsy Wolf is marvelous new research. Why was her work declassified so late and why were her handwritten notes not transcribed? Genius is hardly required to reason why. There are so many chilling revelations…. The indication that all the docs in the 201 file so belatedly opened on LHO are copies, with the originals supposedly in the Office of Security without time stamps or handling records, is sure reminiscent of LHO’s school and employment records, the originals of which apparently disappeared in FBI custody, replaced by b&w photos. How telling! Equally chilling is Mr. Blunt’s discovery that the Michael Goldsmith interview with CIA officer William Larson apparently disappeared from the National Archives some time between 2006 and 2010. If this is true, must we assume that efforts to cover up the truth about Oswald will continue indefinitely? What other conclusion is reasonable? Also apparently missing is the HSCA interview with OS Chief Robert Gambino. I agree with Mr. Vasakas that the search for Popov’s mole was just Angelton’s excuse. The second half of this article, about the conflicting “Blame it on Cuba” vs. Lone Nut campaigns, is more familiar territory for many of us. Nevertheless, Mr. Vasakas covers it concisely and yet still covers the most important details. Thanks again for this terrific series!

That's why the anonymous phone call to Mrs. Jack Tippit is fascinating.... if there's any truth to it a whole lot of weird stuff about Oswald is explained. Read it again (I've added some boldface):

Hello, Richard, Thanks for the thoughtful post. Several people over the years have suggested to me the possibility that the two LHOs were twins, fraternal or otherwise. As you probably know, the page on HarveyandLee.net entitled “Who Was Harvey” is pretty much limited to a brief overview of one of the LHO’s Russian language abilities and an examination of the anonymous phone call(s) to Mrs. Jack Tippit of Westport, Connecticut. It’s not much to go on. I’m hoping that John Kowalski’s patient pursuit of Mrs. Tippit’s notes will eventually pay dividends. A couple of things come to mind examining the twins possibility. First is that there appears to be a substantial size difference between the two LHOs, especially during their earlier years. Do you know if this kind of height and weight difference is common among fraternal twins? There is no evidence I can cite that Marguerite gave birth to twins, although if the Oswald Project was indeed based on a pair of twin boys we can expect that information to have been suppressed possibly before and certainly after the assassination. There is also the possibility that one of the LHOs learned the Russian language at a very early age. De Mohrenschildt, among others, noted how remarkably fluent Oswald was in Russian, despite the fact that he made grammatical errors. This is just the sort of skills you would expect from a youngster who learned Russian early and then switched to English. You may also recall that Vladimir Petrov, a professor in the Slavic Language Department at Yale University, concluded that a letter written by LHO “was written by a Russian with an imperfect knowledge of English.” Also, I’ve forgotten her name, but John A. has told me that a woman staying with the Marguerite Oswald who cared for the Russian-speaking LHO once said that, late at night, she heard Marguerite speaking on the phone in a foreign language, a language she did not recognize. These points may argue against the twins analysis, but not doubt we should all be open to new evidence. I can’t speak for John A. here, but I’ve always thought ONI involvement in the Oswald Project was possible. It should be stressed, though, that intelligence oversight of the false defection program may not have been related at all to the conspiracy to assassinate JFK. Welcome to the forum, and I hope you’ll continue to post here.

No, it isn't. Why don't you at least try to understand the basics of Harvey and Lee before arguing against them.

Does anyone here believe Oswald taught himself the Russian language while in the Marines?

John, I’m a little confused by your posts. You are saying you think both LHOs were in the Soviet Union and you’re wondering which one went there first? I just don’t see the evidence for both having been there. Also, from what I’ve read, American intel really didn’t trust at least some of the Russian defectors. Look how they treated Yuri Nosenko! They practically tortured him for three years.

John, How 'bout going through it one more time.... We can disagree about the specifics of who the two LHOs were, but at the 2018 Spy Wars meeting in San Francisco, Peter Dale Scott answered a question from John Newman about LHO’s Russian language abilities. From Spy Wars, Part 2: March 3, 2018 in San Francisco The part I excerpted below begins at about the 37:12 mark in the YouTube video. Above courtesy Dr. Gary Aguilar and YouTube Speakers in this clip are: Bill Simpich--BS Peter Dale Scott – PDS John Newman – JN At approximately the 37:12 mark in the YouTube clip above: BS: There’s two different genuses of false phone calls. PDS: Yeah, exactly. One was a call with a lie in it, the other was an alleged call that did not, in fact, take place. JN: The Tuesday call didn’t take place? PDS: No, the Tuesday call did take place by a man, I’m sure, was not the Oswald we think of…. JN: Right PDS: … and then, by the way… this is just a question… are you absolutely convinced that the man who was “Lee Harvey Oswald” in Russia was, in fact, the man picked up in Dallas in 1963? JN: Not at all. And I’ve gone over to the view that in Mexico City that, maybe it’s him, maybe it’s not. So I’m not going to be dogmatic about it. He could have been there and impersonated or could have been not there at all. PDS: … There is a fragment of a release that says that the man who made the phone calls spoke horrible Russian AND English! So, I do not think that was the man in Dallas. And I actually think, and this is completely anecdotal, but I once had an hour long conversation with Marina when I was trying my hardest not to bring up the assassination, and we were talking about literature, and I said did she like Henry James and she said that she had never heard of Henry James, who was Henry James, and I said, oh, he's sort of like the American Turgenev, and she said, "Oh, Turgenev, Alec really loved Turgenev." The man who checked out books from the New Orleans Public Library was not a lover of Turgenev."

Oh, good grief! According to the 1964 testimony of Lt. Col. Allison G. Folsom, Lee Harvey Oswald answered four more questions right than wrong in a Russian language exam administered to him while he was still in the Marines. The overall score was rated “poor,” which is the same rating he was given in a series of tests including English reading and vocabulary. Before ever setting foot in the Soviet Union, Oswald scored as well in a Russian-language exam as he did in tests of his English. Are we to believe this, as the Warren Commission told us, was merely because he was “motivated” to teach himself Russian?

John, I thought about your theory of both LHOs in Russia when I read Mr. Scott's remarks again. It still seems far-fetched to me. For one thing, there is considerable evidence of one LHO's activities in the U.S. while the other was in the USSR. Beyond that, it would seem counterproductive to risk sending the birth LHO to Russia at the very time the impostor was there. What possible reason would there be to take that risk? Is your theory is based mostly on an analysis of the photographs?

There is plenty of evidence that Oswald had considerable ability with the Russian language while he was still in the Marines. But it is also clear that he hid his Russian skills while in the USSR. As soon as he arrived in Moscow, the Soviets apparently suspected he was a spy and decided to kick him out. In a desperate move, Oswald faked a suicide attempt and was able to rescue his mission. Nevertheless, medics at Botkinskaya Hospital in Moscow who treated his wound realized that “The patient apparently understands the questions asked in Russian. Sometimes he answers correctly, but immediately states that he does not understand what was asked.” In Russia, “Oswald” tried to hide his fluency in Russian from almost everyone. Pulitzer Prize winning author Norman Mailer was among the earliest people to gain access to Russian Intel documents about “Oswald.” Mailer wrote that when “Oswald” arrived in Moscow by “Deluxe class,” he hired a personal tour guide named Rimma and, “He didn’t seem to know a single word in Russian, so Rimma spoke to him in English.” By the time he got to Minsk, “Oswald” continued to pretend he didn’t speak Russian. Mailer wrote, “People laughed at him when he talked. His Russian was so bad people laughed, not mocking, but friendly. He would try to pronounce words, get them wrong. They would laugh…. You have cows in America? You have pigs in America? He couldn’t understand their words, so they showed him with sign language, made animal sounds, and he laughed.” A Belarusian scientist named Stanislav Shushkevich was eventually assigned to teach “Oswald” the Russian language. A few years ago, Shushkevich was extensively interviewed by an American writer. There were, apparently, only a dozen or so lessons, and the teacher noted that “He didn’t appear to know a lot. He didn’t appear to want to know a lot.” Shushkevich added that he “knew very few words” in Russian. Shushkevich concluded that he real job (he didn’t speak English) was not to teach “Oswald” Russian, but “to see how much Russian Oswald really knew….” As soon as he arrived in Moscow, the Soviets apparently suspected he was a spy and decided to kick him out. In a desperate move, Oswald faked a suicide attempt and was able to rescue his mission. Nevertheless, medics at Botkinskaya Hospital in Moscow who treated his wound realized that “The patient apparently understands the questions asked in Russian. Sometimes he answers correctly, but immediately states that he does not understand what was asked.” Clearly, Oswald tried to hide his Russian fluency while in the Soviet Union. Saying otherwise is merely attempting to hide the fact that he was a U.S. spy who successfully worked in the Soviet Union understanding everything that was said about him but pretending he barely understood a word. His brilliant and lengthy final report was published by the Warren Commission, hidden in plain sight for all these years. For much more on all of this, read Dr. James Norwood’s essay on my website: Oswald’s Proficiency in the Russian Language

Hi, Mathias, It’s good to see you posting here again. The possibility that the Russian-speaking Oswald had a Hungarian background is based SOLELY on the document transcribed below. (Can’t recall if you’ve seen it or not.) Harvey and Lee critics tend to mock “Hungarian Harvey,” but we have always believed this is just a possibility. Anyway, the day after the assassination, Mrs. Jack Tippit, of Westport, Connecticut was telephoned by an unidentified woman. This woman said she personally knew Oswald's father and uncle in New York City, who were from Hungary, promoted communism and lived at 77th and 2nd Avenue in Yorkville (NYC). This woman asked Mrs. Tippit to relay her information to Dallas authorities. Mrs. Tippit is still very much alive and forum member John Kowalski has learned from her family that she has retained notes she made during MULTIPLE phone conversations with the anonymous caller. Mr. Kowalski is making careful efforts to acquire a copy of those note, presumably untouched by the FBI. Here’s a transcript of the FBI report, which was kept secret for three decades. The actual document can be seen here.

Indeed, LHO’s command of the Russian language both before and after the “defection,” as you know better than almost anyone else, was never adequately explained by any of the USG cover-u… I mean investigations. Oswald learned Russian on his own with a dictionary and some books? What a sad joke! We can disagree about the specifics of who the two LHOs were, but at the 2018 Spy Wars meeting in San Francisco, Peter Dale Scott answered a question from John Newman about LHO’s Russian language abilities. From Spy Wars, Part 2: March 3, 2018 in San Francisco The part I excerpted below begins at about the 37:12 mark in the YouTube video. Above courtesy Dr. Gary Aguilar and YouTube Speakers in this clip are: Bill Simpich--BS Peter Dale Scott – PDS John Newman – JN At approximately the 37:12 mark in the YouTube clip above: BS: There’s two different genuses of false phone calls. PDS: Yeah, exactly. One was a call with a lie in it, the other was an alleged call that did not, in fact, take place. JN: The Tuesday call didn’t take place? PDS: No, the Tuesday call did take place by a man, I’m sure, was not the Oswald we think of…. JN: Right PDS: … and then, by the way… this is just a question… are you absolutely convinced that the man who was “Lee Harvey Oswald” in Russia was, in fact, the man picked up in Dallas in 1963? JN: Not at all. And I’ve gone over to the view that in Mexico City that, maybe it’s him, maybe it’s not. So I’m not going to be dogmatic about it. He could have been there and impersonated or could have been not there at all. PDS: … There is a fragment of a release that says that the man who made the phone calls spoke horrible Russian AND English! So, I do not think that was the man in Dallas. And I actually think, and this is completely anecdotal, but I once had an hour long conversation with Marina when I was trying my hardest not to bring up the assassination, and we were talking about literature, and I said did she like Henry James and she said that she had never heard of Henry James, who was Henry James, and I said, oh, he's sort of like the American Turgenev, and she said, "Oh, Turgenev, Alec really loved Turgenev." The man who checked out books from the New Orleans Public Library was not a lover of Turgenev."

That about covers it, Sandy. Posting only about the mastoidectomy nearly every day for years, Mr. Bojczuk tries to step away from all the other H&L evidence entirely, focusing only on the one issue he likes. But there is so much more.

Mr. Bojczuk refuses to discuss dozens of topics we've presented over the years about the two Oswalds. One of them is the Bolton Ford incident, and so here's a summary of it. On January 20, 1961, while Harvey Oswald was in Minsk, two men visited the Bolton Ford dealership in New Orleans. They spoke with Assistant Manager Oscar Deslatte and said they were interested in purchasing 10 Ford Econoline Trucks. As one of the men discussed the purchase with Deslatte the other man, who identified himself as Joseph Moore, made a list of the equipment they desired on the trucks. Deslatte went to his boss, truck manager Fred Sewell, and told him about the two men who wanted to purchase trucks and said they represented the "Free Democrats of Cuba or some such organization." Sewell told Deslatte to give the men a bid of $75 over their cost for the trucks. Deslatte and Sewell returned to Deslatte's desk and wrote out a bid form to Joseph Moore. As Deslatte was filling out the bid form, Joseph Moore and the other man began talking to both Deslatte and Sewell.42 When Moore saw that Deslatte had written his name on the bid form he asked that the name be changed to "Friends of Democratic Cuba." Moore's friend looked· at the form and said, "By the way, you'd better put my name down there because I'm the man handling the money." When Deslatte asked, "What's your name?" the man replied, "Lee Oswald." Deslatte gave the original bid form to "Lee Oswald" and kept a copy for his files, which he gave to the FBI following the assassination. \ The purchaser was listed as the "Friends of Democratic Cuba," 402 St. Charles Street, New Orleans, LA., phone number JA-5-0763.43 After talking with Deslate for over an hour the two men took the original bid form and left. The Friends of Democratic Cuba was incorporated on January 9, 1961 in Louisiana. The address of 402 St. Charles Street was listed as vacant in the 1960, 1961 and 1962 New Orleans City directories. Remarkable about the “Friends of Democratic Cuba” were the names of two of its officers. The image shown below is a composite scan from the beginning and the end of the Louisiana Articles of Incorporation for Friends of Democratic Cuba, Inc.